Phylogeny and classification of the Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda)11Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the GenBank™, EMBL and DDBJ databases under the accession numbers AY222082–AY222285.

Barker, 1993, Phylogenetic position of Heronimus mollis (Digenea): evidence from 18S ribosomal RNA, Int. J. Parasitol., 23, 533, 10.1016/0020-7519(93)90043-X

Bayssade-Dufour, 1993, Analyse phénétique des Microphalloidea (Trematoda) d'après la chétotaxie des cercaires, Syst. Parasitol., 25, 1, 10.1007/BF00016998

Blair, 1993, Affinities of the Gyliauchenidae: utility of the 18S rRNA gene for phylogenetic inference in the Digenea (Platyhelminthes), Int. J. Parasitol., 23, 527, 10.1016/0020-7519(93)90042-W

Blair, 1998, Molecules and morphology in phylogenetic studies of the Hemiuroidea (Digenea: Trematoda: Platyhelminthes), Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 9, 15, 10.1006/mpev.1997.0437

Bray, 1987, A revision of the family Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902 (Platyhelminthes: Digenea): subfamily Lepidophyllinae and comments on some aspects of biology, Syst. Parasitol., 9, 83, 10.1007/BF00012189

Bray, 1988, A discussion of the status of the subfamily Baccigerinae Yamaguti, 1958 (Digenea) and the constitution of the family Fellodistomidae Nicoll, 1909, Syst. Parasitol., 11, 97, 10.1007/BF00012260

Bray, 2002, Superfamily Gymnophalloidea Odhner, 1905, vol. 1, 243

Bray, 2001, A review of the family Enenteridae Yamaguti, 1958 (Digenea), with descriptions of species from Australian waters, including Koseiria huxleyi n. sp, Syst. Parasitol., 48, 1, 10.1023/A:1026533510387

Bray, 1996, Cableia pudica n. sp. (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from monacanthid fishes of the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, Parasite, 3, 49, 10.1051/parasite/1996031049

Bray, 1999, Urotrematidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) in Chinese freshwater fishes, Syst. Parasitol., 44, 193, 10.1023/A:1006245301566

Brooks, 1989, Aspects of the phylogeny of the Trematoda Rudolphi, 1808 (Platyhelminthes: Cercomeria), Can. J. Zool., 67, 2609, 10.1139/z89-370

Brooks, 1985, Phylogenetic analysis of the Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Cercomeria) with comments on their adaptive radiation, Can. J. Zool., 63, 411, 10.1139/z85-062

Brooks, 2000, Phylogenetic analysis of the Enenteridae (Digenea, Lepocreadiidae) and discussion of the evolution of the digenean fauna of kyphosid fishes, Zool. Scr., 29, 237, 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2000.00042.x

Cable, 1965, ‘Thereby hangs a tail’, J. Parasitol., 51, 3, 10.2307/3275635

Cable, 1974, Phylogeny and taxonomy of trematodes with reference to marine species, 173

Cable, 1942, 82

Crandall, 1960, The life history and affinities of the turtle lung fluke, Heronimus chelydrae MacCallum, 1902, J. Parasitol., 46, 289, 10.2307/3275490

Cribb, 1999, A review of the Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942 (Trematoda: Digenea) and description of Australian species, Syst. Parasitol., 44, 1, 10.1023/A:1006197201426

Cribb, 1992, A review of the family Transversotrematidae (Trematoda: Digenea) with the description of a new genus, Crusziella, Invert. Taxon., 6, 909, 10.1071/IT9920909

Cribb, 2001, The Digenea, 168

Cribb, 2003, Life cycle evolution in the Digenea: a new perspecvtive from phylogeny, Adv. Parasitol., 10.1016/S0065-308X(03)54004-0

Fernández, 1998, Molecular phylogeny of the families Campulidae and Nasitrematidae (Trematoda) based on mtDNA sequence comparison, Int. J. Parasitol., 28, 767, 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00027-7

Fernández, 1998, Phylogenetic relationships of the family Campulidae (Trematoda) based on 18S rRNA sequences, Parasitology, 117, 383, 10.1017/S0031182098003126

Gibson, 1976, Monogenea and Digenea from fishes, Discov. Rep., 36, 182

Gibson, 1987, Questions in digenean systematics and evolution, Parasitology, 95, 429, 10.1017/S0031182000057851

Gibson, 1979, The Hemiuroidea: terminology, systematics and evolution, Bull. Br. Museum (Nat. Hist.) (Zool. Ser.), 36, 35, 10.5962/bhl.part.3604

Gibson, 1994, The evolutionary expansion and host–parasite relationships of the Digenea, Int. J. Parasitol., 24, 1213, 10.1016/0020-7519(94)90192-9

Gibson, 2002, vol. 1

Grabda-Kazubska, 1971, Main morphological characters in Xiphidiocercariae armatae Lühe, 1909 and their taxonomic importance, Parasitol. Schriftenr., 21, 49

Hall, 1999, V4 region of small subunit rDNA indicates polyphyly of the Fellodistomidae (Digenea) which is supported by morphology and life-cycle data, Syst. Parasitol., 43, 81, 10.1023/A:1006113721899

Huelsenbeck, 2001, MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees, Bioinformatics, 17, 754, 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754

Huelsenbeck, 2001, Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology, Science, 294, 2310, 10.1126/science.1065889

Justine, 1998, Non-monophyly of the monogeneans?, Int. J. Parasitol., 28, 1653, 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00060-5

Kanev, 2002, Superfamily Cyclocoeloidea Stossich, 1902, vol. 1

Kostadinova, 2003, Phylogenetic relationships of Echinostoma Rudolphi, 1809 (Digenea: Echinostomidae) and related genera re-assessed via DNA and morphological analyses, Syst. Parasitol., 54, 159, 10.1023/A:1022681123340

La Rue, 1957, The classification of digenetic Trematoda: a review and a new system, Exp. Parasitol., 6, 306, 10.1016/0014-4894(57)90025-5

Littlewood, 2001, Platyhelminth phylogenetics – a key to understanding parasitism?, Belg. J. Zool., 131, 35

Littlewood, 2001, Small subunit rDNA and the Platyhelminthes: signal, noise, conflict and compromise, 262

Littlewood, 1999, The interrelationships of all major groups of Platyhelminthes: phylogenetic evidence from morphology and molecules, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 66, 75, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01918.x

Lockyer, 2003, Utility of complete large and small subunit rRNA genes in resolving the phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes: implications and a review of the cercomer theory, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 78, 155, 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00141.x

Lockyer, 2003, The phylogeny of the Schistosomatidae based on three genes with emphasis on the interrelationships of Schistosoma Weinland, 1858, Parasitology, 26, 203, 10.1017/S0031182002002792

MacCallum, 1919, Notes on the genus Telorchis and other trematodes, Zoopathologica, 1, 77

Maddison, D.R. and Maddison, W.P., 2002. McClade 4: analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.

Manter, 1966, A peculiar trematode, Gorgocephalus kyphosi gen. et sp. n. (Lepocreadiidae: Gorgocephalinae subfam. n.), from a marine fish of South Australia, J. Parasitol., 52, 347, 10.2307/3276497

Martin, 1993, Body size, metabolic rate, generation time and the molecular clock, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 4087, 10.1073/pnas.90.9.4087

Mehra, 1937, Certain new and already known distomes of the family Lepodermatidae Odhner (Trematoda), with a discussion on the classification of the family, Z. Parasitenk., 9, 429, 10.1007/BF02120292

Odening, 1959, Die exkretionssystem von Omphalometra und Brachycoelium und die Taxionomie der Unterordnung Plagiorchiata, Z. Parasitenk., 19, 442, 10.1007/BF00259735

Odening, 1964, Zur taxonomie der trematodenunterordnung Plagiorchiata, Monatsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 6, 191

Olson, 2002, Phylogenetics of the Monogenea – evidence from a medley of molecules, Int. J. Parasitol., 32, 233, 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00328-9

Olson, 2001, Interrelationships and evolution of the tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda), Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 19, 443, 10.1006/mpev.2001.0930

Overstreet, 1970, Two new species of Digenea from the spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède, from the Gulf of Mexico, J. Parasitol., 56, 1055, 10.2307/3277546

Pearson, 1992, On the position of the digenean family Heronimidae: an inquiry into a cladistic classification of the Digenea, Syst. Parasitol., 21, 81, 10.1007/BF00010255

Poche, 1926, Das System der Platodaria, Arch. Naturgeschichte, 91, 1

Pojmanska, 2002, Superfamily Brachylaimoidea Joyeux and Foley, 1930, vol. 1, 31

Posada, 1998, Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution, Bioinformatics, 14, 817, 10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817

Price, 1938, A restudy of Faustula keksooni (MacCallum) and Distomum tropidonti MacCallum (Trematoda), Proc. Helm. Soc. Wash., 5, 9

Prudhoe, 1982

Rohde, 2001, The Aspidogastrea: an archaic group of Platyhelminthes, 159

Sharpilo, 1989, The fauna of the Ukraine. Trematodes: Plagiorchiata, Fauna Ukrayiny, 34, 1

Shimazu, 1992, Trematodes of the genera Asymphylodora, Anapalaeorchis and Palaeorchis (Digenea: Lissorchiidae) from freshwater fishes of Japan, J. Nagano Prefect. Coll., 47, 1

Smythe, 2001, Phylogenetic analysis of Alloglossidium (Digenea: Macroderoididae) and related genera: life-cycle evolution and taxonomic revision, J. Parasitol., 87, 386, 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0386:PAOADM]2.0.CO;2

Swofford, D.L., 2001. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.

Tkach, 2001, Systematic position and phylogenetic relationships of the family Omphalometridae Odening, 1959 (Digenea, Plagiorchiida) inferred from the partial lsrDNA sequences, Int. J. Parasitol., 31, 81, 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00154-5

Tkach, 2003, Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Microphalloidea Ward, 1901 (Trematoda: Digenea), Syst. Parasitol, 10.1023/A:1025546001611

Tkach, 1999, A new method of DNA extraction from the ethanol-fixed parasitic worms, Acta Parasitol., 44, 147

Tkach, 2000, Phylogenetic analysis of the suborder Plagiorchiata (Platyhelminthes, Digenea) based on partial lsrDNA sequences, Int. J. Parasitol., 30, 89, 10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00163-0

Tkach, 2001, Molecular phylogeny of the suborder Plagiorchiata and its position in the system of Digenea, 186

Tkach, 2001, On the phylogenetic relationships of some members of Macroderoididae and Ochetosomatidae (Digenea, Plagiorchioidea), Acta Parasitol., 46, 267

Watrous, 1981, The out-group comparison method of character analysis, Syst. Zool., 30, 1, 10.2307/2992297

Yamaguti, 1971, vols. 1 and 2