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Triển vọng trong sản xuất sinh học nhiên liệu từ CO2 và H2 sử dụng Ralstonia eutropha và các vi khuẩn ‘Knallgas’ khác
Tóm tắt
Với lượng khí CO2 phát thải toàn cầu ở mức cao nhất trong nhiều năm qua, việc giảm thiểu và có thể giảm bớt sự tích tụ khí nhà kính cùng với việc sản xuất các phân tử nhiên liệu tái tạo cho nhu cầu nhiên liệu giao thông đang gia tăng là những thách thức khẩn cấp đối với các nhà khoa học và kỹ sư năng lượng tái tạo. Vi khuẩn Knallgas cung cấp một nền tảng xúc tác sinh học cho việc sử dụng CO2 và sản xuất các phân tử sinh học nhiên liệu đa dạng và có mật độ năng lượng cao, cần thiết cho các nhiên liệu giao thông có thể thay thế. Loài vi khuẩn Knallgas được nghiên cứu nhiều nhất, Ralstonia eutropha, đã được thiết kế để sản xuất n-butanol, isobutanol và các phân tử terpene trong điều kiện hóa sinh tự dưỡng. Có một số đại diện khác của nhóm vi khuẩn này khả năng có thể tổng hợp phân tử nhiên liệu từ CO2. Về nguyên tắc, việc sản xuất sinh học nhiên liệu từ CO2 có thể cạnh tranh với phương pháp “năng lượng thành khí” (sản xuất nhiên liệu không sinh học sử dụng CO2 và H2). Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn nhiều thách thức đối với cả hai phương pháp để có thể cạnh tranh với các nhiên liệu dựa trên petroleum hiện tại. Với việc tiếp tục tinh chỉnh các quy trình và chú ý đến các nguyên tắc của Sinh thái học công nghiệp, tổng hợp nhiên liệu sinh học bằng vi khuẩn Knallgas có thể đại diện cho một phần khả thi trong danh mục năng lượng của một quốc gia.
Từ khóa
#vi khuẩn Knallgas #Ralstonia eutropha #sản xuất sinh học nhiên liệu #CO2 #H2 #năng lượng tái tạoTài liệu tham khảo
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