Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: insight into multiple cellular functions
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Mangelsdorf, 1995, The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade, Cell, 83, 835, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90199-X
Beato, 1995, Steroid hormone receptors: many actors in search of a plot, Cell, 83, 851, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90201-5
Kastner, 1995, Nonsteroid nuclear receptors: what are genetic studies telling us about their role in real life?, Cell, 83, 859, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90202-3
Blumberg, 1998, Orphan nuclear receptors — new ligands and new possibilities, Genes Dev., 12, 3149, 10.1101/gad.12.20.3149
Green, 1988, Nuclear receptors enhance our understanding of transcription regulation, Trends Genet., 4, 309, 10.1016/0168-9525(88)90108-4
Evans, 1988, The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily, Science, 240, 889, 10.1126/science.3283939
Issemann, 1990, Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators, Nature, 347, 645, 10.1038/347645a0
Dreyer, 1992, Control of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway by a novel family of nuclear hormone receptors, Cell, 68, 879, 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90031-7
1999, A unified nomenclature system for the nuclear receptor superfamily, Cell, 97, 161, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80726-6
Desvergne, 1995, PPAR: a key nuclear factor in nutrient/gene interactions?, Vol. 1, 142
Lemberger, 1996, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology, Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol., 12, 335, 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.335
Escriva, 1997, Ligand binding was acquired during evolution of nuclear receptors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 6803, 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6803
Kliewer, 1994, Differential expression and activation of a family of murine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91, 7355, 10.1073/pnas.91.15.7355
Sher, 1993, cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, Biochemistry, 32, 5598, 10.1021/bi00072a015
Schmidt, 1992, Identification of a new member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily that is activated by a peroxisome proliferator and fatty acids, Mol. Endocrinol., 6, 1634, 10.1210/me.6.10.1634
Greene, 1995, Isolation of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma cDNA: expression in hematopoietic cells and chromosomal mapping, Gene Expression, 4, 281
Jones, 1995, Chromosomal localisation, inducibility, tissue-specific expression and strain differences in three murine peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor genes, Eur. J. Biochem., 233, 219, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.219_1.x
Yoshikawa, 1996, Assignment of the human nuclear hormone receptor, NUC1 (PPARdelta), to chromosome 6p21.1–p21.2, Genomics, 35, 637, 10.1006/geno.1996.0417
Krey, 1993, Xenopus peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: genomic organization, response element recognition, heterodimer formation with retinoid X receptor and activation by fatty acids, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 47, 65, 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90058-5
Gearing, 1994, Structure of the mouse peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha gene, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 199, 255, 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1222
Zhu, 1995, Structural organization of mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (mPPAR gamma) gene: alternative promoter use and different splicing yield two mPPAR gamma isoforms, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92, 7921, 10.1073/pnas.92.17.7921
Fajas, 1997, The organization, promoter analysis, and expression of the human PPARgamma gene, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 18779, 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18779
Fajas, 1998, PPARgamma3 mRNA: a distinct PPARgamma mRNA subtype transcribed from an independent promoter, FEBS Lett., 438, 55, 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01273-3
Shalev, 1996, The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is a phosphoprotein: regulation by insulin, Endocrinology, 137, 4499, 10.1210/en.137.10.4499
Juge-Aubry, 1999, Regulation of the transcriptional activity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by phosphorylation of a ligand-independent trans-activating domain, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 10505, 10.1074/jbc.274.15.10505
Zhang, 1996, Insulin- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 31771, 10.1074/jbc.271.50.31771
Camp, 1997, Regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity by mitogen-activated protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 10811, 10.1074/jbc.272.16.10811
Adams, 1997, Transcriptional activation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is inhibited by phosphorylation at a consensus mitogen-activated protein kinase site, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 5128, 10.1074/jbc.272.8.5128
Hu, 1996, Inhibition of adipogenesis through MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation of PPARgamma, Science, 274, 2100, 10.1126/science.274.5295.2100
Shao, 1998, Interdomain communication regulating ligand binding by PPAR-gamma, Nature, 396, 377, 10.1038/24634
Tontonoz, 1994, Stimulation of adipogenesis in fibroblasts by PPARgamma 2, a lipid-activated transcription factor, Cell, 79, 1147, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90006-X
Deeb, 1998, A Pro12Ala substitution in PPARgamma2 associated with decreased receptor activity, lower body mass index and improved insulin sensitivity, Nat. Genet., 20, 284, 10.1038/3099
Härd, 1990, Solution structure of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain, Science, 249, 157, 10.1126/science.2115209
Luisi, 1991, Crystallographic analysis of the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with DNA, Nature, 352, 497, 10.1038/352497a0
Schwabe, 1990, Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor, Nature, 348, 458, 10.1038/348458a0
Lee, 1993, Structure of the retinoid X receptor alpha DNA binding domain: a helix required for homodimeric DNA binding, Science, 260, 1117, 10.1126/science.8388124
Schwabe, 1993, The crystal structure of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain bound to DNA: how receptors discriminate between their response elements, Cell, 75, 567, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90390-C
Martinez, 1991, Characterization of hormone response elements, 125
Mangelsdorf, 1995, The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors, Cell, 83, 841, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90200-7
Zechel, 1994, The dimerization interfaces formed between the DNA binding domains of RXR, RAR and TR determine the binding specificity and polarity of the full-length receptors to direct repeats, EMBO J., 13, 1425, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06396.x
Rastinejad, 1995, Structural determinants of nuclear receptor assembly on DNA direct repeats, Nature, 375, 203, 10.1038/375203a0
Myers, 1997, Amino acid residues in both the DNA-binding and ligand-binding domains influence transcriptional activity of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 239, 522, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7507
Kliewer, 1992, Convergence of 9-cis retinoic acid and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors, Nature, 358, 771, 10.1038/358771a0
Tugwood, 1992, The mouse peroxisome proliferator activated receptor recognizes a response element in the 5′ flanking sequence of the rat acyl CoA oxidase gene, EMBO J., 11, 433, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05072.x
Keller, 1993, Fatty acids and retinoids control lipid metabolism through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-retinoid X receptor heterodimers, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90, 2160, 10.1073/pnas.90.6.2160
Jpenberg, 1997, Polarity and specific sequence requirements of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/retinoid X receptor heterodimer binding to DNA. A functional analysis of the malic enzyme gene PPAR response element, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 20108, 10.1074/jbc.272.32.20108
Juge-Aubry, 1997, DNA binding properties of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtypes on various natural peroxisome proliferator response elements. Importance of the 5′-flanking region, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 25252, 10.1074/jbc.272.40.25252
Hsu, 1998, A carboxyl-terminal extension of the zinc finger domain contributes to the specificity and polarity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor DNA binding, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 27988, 10.1074/jbc.273.43.27988
Xu, 1999, Molecular recognition of fatty acids by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, Mol. Cell, 3, 397, 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80467-0
Nolte, 1998, Ligand binding and co-activator assembly of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, Nature, 395, 137, 10.1038/25931
Uppenberg, 1998, Crystal structure of the ligand binding domain of the human nuclear receptor PPARgamma, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 31108, 10.1074/jbc.273.47.31108
Hsu, 1995, A single amino acid change in the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha alters transcriptional responses to peroxisome proliferators, Mol. Pharmacol., 48, 559
Keller, 1997, PPAR alpha structure-function relationships derived from species-specific differences in responsiveness to hypolipidemic agents, Biol. Chem., 378, 651, 10.1515/bchm.1997.378.7.651
Dowell, 1997, Ligand-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha conformational change, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 2013, 10.1074/jbc.272.3.2013
Juge-Aubry, 1995, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates cross-talk with thyroid hormone receptor by competition for retinoid X receptor. Possible role of a leucine zipper-like heptad repeat, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 18117, 10.1074/jbc.270.30.18117
Feng, 1998, Hormone-dependent coactivator binding to a hydrophobic cleft on nuclear receptors, Science, 280, 1747, 10.1126/science.280.5370.1747
Onate, 1995, Sequence and characterization of a coactivator for the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, Science, 270, 1354, 10.1126/science.270.5240.1354
Spencer, 1997, Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is a histone acetyltransferase, Nature, 389, 194, 10.1038/38304
Krey, 1997, Fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic agents identified as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by coactivator-dependent receptor ligand assay, Mol. Endocrinol., 11, 779, 10.1210/me.11.6.779
Onate, 1998, The steroid receptor coactivator-1 contains multiple receptor interacting and activation domains that cooperatively enhance the activation function 1 (AF1) and AF2 domains of steroid receptors, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 12101, 10.1074/jbc.273.20.12101
Chakravarti, 1996, Role of CBP/p300 in nuclear receptor signaling, Nature, 383, 99, 10.1038/383099a0
Glass, 1997, Nuclear receptor coactivators, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 9, 222, 10.1016/S0955-0674(97)80066-X
Ogryzko, 1996, The transcriptional coactivators p300 and CBP are histone acetyltransferases, Cell, 87, 953, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)82001-2
Bannister, 1996, The CBP co-activator is a histone acetyltransferase, Nature, 384, 641, 10.1038/384641a0
Dowell, 1997, p300 functions as a coactivator for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 33435, 10.1074/jbc.272.52.33435
Gelman, 1999, p300 interacts with the N- and C-terminal part of PPARgamma2 in a ligand-independent and -dependent manner, respectively, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 7681, 10.1074/jbc.274.12.7681
Dowell, 1999, Identification of nuclear receptor corepressor as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha interacting protein, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 15901, 10.1074/jbc.274.22.15901
Oberfield, 1999, A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand inhibits adipocyte differentiation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 96, 6102, 10.1073/pnas.96.11.6102
McKenna, 1998, Distinct steady-state nuclear receptor coregulator complexes exist in vivo, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 11697, 10.1073/pnas.95.20.11697
Puigserver, 1998, A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis, Cell, 92, 829, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81410-5
Misiti, 1998, Expression and hormonal regulation of coactivator and corepressor genes, Endocrinology, 139, 2493, 10.1210/en.139.5.2493
Zhu, 1997, Isolation and characterization of PBP, a protein that interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 25500, 10.1074/jbc.272.41.25500
Jain, 1998, Differential expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and its coactivators steroid receptor coactivator-1 and PPAR-binding protein PBP in the brown fat, urinary bladder, colon, and breast of the mouse, Am. J. Pathol., 153, 349, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65577-0
Willson, 1997, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 1, 235, 10.1016/S1367-5931(97)80015-4
Lehmann, 1997, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma are activated by indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 3406, 10.1074/jbc.272.6.3406
Kliewer, 1997, Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 4318, 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4318
Lehmann, 1995, An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), J. Biol. Chem., 270, 12953, 10.1074/jbc.270.22.12953
Göttlicher, 1992, Fatty acids activate a chimera of the clofibric acid-activated receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89, 4653, 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4653
Lin, 1999, Ligand selectivity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, Biochemistry, 38, 185, 10.1021/bi9816094
Nagy, 1998, Oxidized LDL regulates macrophage gene expression through ligand activation of PPARgamma, Cell, 93, 229, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81574-3
Forman, 1995, 15-Deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPAR gamma, Cell, 83, 803, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90193-0
Kliewer, 1995, A prostaglandin J2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and promotes adipocyte differentiation, Cell, 83, 813, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90194-9
Devchand, 1996, The PPARalpha-leukotriene B4 pathway to inflammation control, Nature, 384, 39, 10.1038/384039a0
Yu, 1995, Differential activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by eicosanoids, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 23975, 10.1074/jbc.270.41.23975
Forman, 1997, Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and delta, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 4312, 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4312
Dreyer, 1993, Positive regulation of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway by fatty acids through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), Biol. Cell, 77, 67, 10.1016/S0248-4900(05)80176-5
Braissant, 1996, Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha,-beta, and-gamma in the adult rat, Endocrinology, 137, 354, 10.1210/en.137.1.354
Ouali, 1998, Dietary lipids regulate beta-oxidation enzyme gene expression in the developing rat kidney, Am. J. Physiol., 275, F777
Cullingford, 1998, Distribution of mRNAs encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, beta, and gamma and the retinoid X receptor alpha, beta, and gamma in rat central nervous system, J. Neurochem., 70, 1366, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70041366.x
Beck, 1992, The ontogeny of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gene expression in the mouse and rat, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 247, 83, 10.1098/rspb.1992.0012
Amri, 1995, Cloning of a protein that mediates transcriptional effects of fatty acids in preadipocytes. Homology to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 2367, 10.1074/jbc.270.5.2367
Xing, 1995, Rat PPAR delta contains a CGG triplet repeat and is prominently expressed in the thalamic nuclei, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 217, 1015, 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2871
Tontonoz, 1994, mPPARgamma2: tissue-specific regulator of an adipocyte enhancer, Genes Dev., 8, 1224, 10.1101/gad.8.10.1224
Mansen, 1996, Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in the mouse colonic mucosa, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 222, 844, 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0832
Auboeuf, 1997, Tissue distribution and quantification of the expression of mRNAs of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and liver X receptor-alpha in humans: no alteration in adipose tissue of obese and NIDDM patients, Diabetes, 46, 1319, 10.2337/diabetes.46.8.1319
Mukherjee, 1997, Identification, characterization, and tissue distribution of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms PPARgamma2 versus PPARgamma1 and activation with retinoid X receptor agonists and antagonists, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 8071, 10.1074/jbc.272.12.8071
Palmer, 1998, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha expression in human liver, Mol. Pharmacol., 53, 14, 10.1124/mol.53.1.14
Vidal-Puig, 1997, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene expression in human tissues. Effects of obesity, weight loss, and regulation by insulin and glucocorticoids, J. Clin. Invest., 99, 2416, 10.1172/JCI119424
Schoonjans, 1996, PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators direct a distinct tissue-specific transcriptional response via a PPRE in the lipoprotein lipase gene, EMBO J., 15, 5336, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00918.x
Motojima, 1998, Expression of putative fatty acid transporter genes are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a and g activators in a tissue- and inducer-specific manner, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 16710, 10.1074/jbc.273.27.16710
Issemann, 1992, A role for fatty acids and liver fatty acid binding protein in peroxisome proliferation?, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 20, 824, 10.1042/bst0200824
Schoonjans, 1995, Induction of the acyl-coenzyme A synthetase gene by fibrates and fatty acids is mediated by a peroxisome proliferator response element in the C promoter, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 19269, 10.1074/jbc.270.33.19269
Zhang, 1992, Identification of a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element upstream of the gene encoding rat peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89, 7541, 10.1073/pnas.89.16.7541
Lee, 1995, Targeted disruption of the alpha isoform of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene in mice results in abolishment of the pleiotropic effects of peroxisome proliferators, Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 3012, 10.1128/MCB.15.6.3012
Mascaro, 1998, Control of human muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene transcription by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 8560, 10.1074/jbc.273.15.8560
Brandt, 1998, Fatty acids activate transcription of the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene in cardiac myocytes via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 23786, 10.1074/jbc.273.37.23786
Yu, 1998, Co-regulation of tissue-specific alternative human carnitine palmitoyltransferase Ibeta gene promoters by fatty acid enzyme substrate, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 32901, 10.1074/jbc.273.49.32901
Gulick, 1994, The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative enzyme gene expression, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91, 11012, 10.1073/pnas.91.23.11012
Rodriguez, 1994, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates induction of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene by fatty acids, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 18767, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32234-2
Muerhoff, 1992, The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates the induction of CYP4A6, a cytochrome P450 fatty acid omega-hydroxylase, by clofibric acid, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 19051, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)41738-3
Aldridge, 1995, Identification and characterization of DNA elements implicated in the regulation of CYP4A1 transcription, Biochem. J., 306, 473, 10.1042/bj3060473
Kroetz, 1998, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha controls the hepatic CYP4A induction adaptive response to starvation and diabetes, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 31581, 10.1074/jbc.273.47.31581
Castelein, 1994, The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor regulates malic enzyme gene expression, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 26754, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47083-4
Vu-Dac, 1995, Fibrates increase human apolipoprotein A-II expression through activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, J. Clin. Invest., 96, 741, 10.1172/JCI118118
Hertz, 1995, Mode of action of peroxisome proliferators as hypolipidemic drugs. Suppression of apolipoprotein C-III, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 13470, 10.1074/jbc.270.22.13470
Sears, 1996, Differentiation-dependent expression of the brown adipocyte uncoupling protein gene: regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, Mol. Cell. Biol., 16, 3410, 10.1128/MCB.16.7.3410
Aoyama, 1998, Altered constitutive expression of fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes in mice lacking the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), J. Biol. Chem., 273, 5678, 10.1074/jbc.273.10.5678
Djouadi, 1998, A gender-related defect in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-deficient mice, J. Clin. Invest., 102, 1083, 10.1172/JCI3949
Costet, 1998, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-isoform deficiency leads to progressive dyslipidemia with sexually dimorphic obesity and steatosis, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 29577, 10.1074/jbc.273.45.29577
Lemberger, 1996, Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene is stimulated by stress and follows a diurnal rhythm, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 1764, 10.1074/jbc.271.3.1764
Lemberger, 1996, PPAR tissue distribution and interactions with other hormone-signaling pathways, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 231, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb18619.x
Cattley, 1998, Do peroxisome proliferating compounds pose a hepatocarcinogenic hazard to humans?, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 8, 125
Peters, 1997, Role of PPAR alpha in the mechanism of action of the nongenotoxic carcinogen and peroxisome proliferator Wy-14,643, Carcinogenesis, 18, 2029, 10.1093/carcin/18.11.2029
Karam, 1997, Induction of replicative DNA synthesis and PPAR alpha-dependent gene transcription by Wy-14 643 in primary rat hepatocyte and non-parenchymal cell co-cultures, Carcinogenesis, 18, 2077, 10.1093/carcin/18.11.2077
Roberts, 1998, Evidence for the suppression of apoptosis by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha), Carcinogenesis, 19, 43, 10.1093/carcin/19.1.43
Peters, 1997, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces a functional zinc deficiency during pregnancy and teratogenesis that is independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, Teratology, 56, 311, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199711)56:5<311::AID-TERA4>3.0.CO;2-#
Braissant, 1998, Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, -beta, and -gamma during rat embryonic development, Endocrinology, 139, 2748, 10.1210/en.139.6.2748
Chawla, 1994, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma: adipose-predominant expression and induction early in adipocyte differentiation, Endocrinology, 135, 798, 10.1210/en.135.2.798
Tontonoz, 1994, Adipocyte-specific transcription factor ARF6 is a heterodimeric complex of two nuclear hormone receptors, PPAR gamma and RXR alpha, Nucleic Acids Res., 22, 5628, 10.1093/nar/22.25.5628
Tontonoz, 1995, PPAR gamma 2 regulates adipose expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene, Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 351, 10.1128/MCB.15.1.351
Brun, 1996, Differential activation of adipogenesis by multiple PPAR isoforms, Genes Dev., 10, 974, 10.1101/gad.10.8.974
Kim, 1996, ADD1/SREBP1 promotes adipocyte differentiation and gene expression linked to fatty acid metabolism, Genes Dev., 10, 1096, 10.1101/gad.10.9.1096
Kim, 1998, ADD1/SREBP1 activates PPARgamma through the production of endogenous ligand, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 4333, 10.1073/pnas.95.8.4333
Spiegelman, 1996, Adipogenesis and obesity: rounding out the big picture, Cell, 87, 377, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81359-8
Vidal-Puig, 1996, Regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents, J. Clin. Invest., 97, 2553, 10.1172/JCI118703
Burant, 1997, Troglitazone action is independent of adipose tissue, J. Clin. Invest., 100, 2900, 10.1172/JCI119839
Ribon, 1998, Thiazolidinediones and insulin resistance: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma activation stimulates expression of the CAP gene, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 14751, 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14751
Michael, 1997, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 expression is induced during cyclic adenosine monophosphate-stimulated differentiation of alveolar type II pneumonocytes, Endocrinology, 138, 3695, 10.1210/en.138.9.3695
Teboul, 1995, Thiazolidinediones and fatty acids convert myogenic cells into adipose-like cells, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 28183, 10.1074/jbc.270.47.28183
Altiok, 1997, PPARgamma induces cell cycle withdrawal: inhibition of E2F/DP DNA-binding activity via down-regulation of PP2A, Genes Dev., 11, 1987, 10.1101/gad.11.15.1987
Tontonoz, 1997, Terminal differentiation of human liposarcoma cells induced by ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the retinoid X receptor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, 237, 10.1073/pnas.94.1.237
Mueller, 1998, Terminal differentiation of human breast cancer through PPAR gamma, Mol. Cell, 1, 465, 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80047-7
Elstner, 1998, Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and retinoic acid receptor inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in BNX mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 8806, 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8806
Lefebvre, 1998, Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma promotes the development of colon tumors in C57BL/6J-APCmin/+ mice, Nat. Med., 4, 1053, 10.1038/2036
Saez, 1998, Activators of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma enhance colon polyp formation, Nat. Med., 4, 1058, 10.1038/2042
Sarraf, 1998, Differentiation and reversal of malignant changes in colon cancer through PPARgamma, Nat. Med., 4, 1046, 10.1038/2030
Tontonoz, 1998, PPARgamma promotes monocyte/macrophage differentiation and uptake of oxidized LDL, Cell, 93, 241, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81575-5
Ricote, 1998, Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in human atherosclerosis and regulation in macrophages by colony stimulating factors and oxidized low density lipoprotein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95, 7614, 10.1073/pnas.95.13.7614
Staels, 1998, Activation of human aortic smooth-muscle cells is inhibited by PPARalpha but not by PPARgamma activators, Nature, 393, 790, 10.1038/31701
Poynter, 1998, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activation modulates cellular redox status, represses nuclear factor-kappaB signaling, and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in aging, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 32833, 10.1074/jbc.273.49.32833
Ricote, 1998, The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is a negative regulator of macrophage activation, Nature, 391, 79, 10.1038/34178
Jiang, 1998, PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines, Nature, 391, 82, 10.1038/35154
Zhang, 1996, Negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene expression contributes to the antiadipogenic effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Mol. Endocrinol., 10, 1457, 10.1210/me.10.11.1457
Demetri, 1999, Induction of solid tumor differentiation by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand troglitazone in patients with liposarcoma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 96, 3951, 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3951
Mallordy, 1995, Evidence for transcriptional induction of the liver fatty acid-binding protein gene by bezafibrate in the small intestine, Eur. J. Biochem., 227, 801, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20204.x