Nutraceuticals for the treatment of sarcopenia in chronic liver disease

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Jeon, 2015, Newly developed sarcopenia as a prognostic factor for survival in patients who underwent liver transplantation, PloS One, 10, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0143966

Xia, 2016, Hypertrophy-Promoting effects of leucine supplementation and moderate intensity aerobic exercise in pre-senescent mice, Nutrients, 8, 246, 10.3390/nu8050246

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Nishitani, 2005, Branched-chain amino acids improve glucose metabolism in rats with liver cirrhosis, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 288, G1292, 10.1152/ajpgi.00510.2003

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van den Berg, 2019, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: role of circulating branched-chain amino acids, Nutrients, 11, 705, 10.3390/nu11030705

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Yoon, 2016, The emerging role of branched-chain amino acids in insulin resistance and metabolism, Nutrients, 8, 10.3390/nu8070405

Zhang, 2007, Increasing dietary leucine intake reduces diet-induced obesity and improves glucose and cholesterol metabolism in mice via multimechanisms, Diabetes, 56, 1647, 10.2337/db07-0123

Ikehara, 2008, Acute and chronic treatment of <small>L</small>-Isoleucine ameliorates glucose metabolism in glucose-intolerant and diabetic mice, Biol Pharm Bull, 31, 469, 10.1248/bpb.31.469

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Nishida, 2017, Effects of home-based exercise and branched-chain amino acid supplementation on aerobic capacity and glycemic control in patients with cirrhosis, Hepatol Res, 47, E193, 10.1111/hepr.12748

Holecek, 2017, Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle-wasting conditions, J Cachexia, Sarcopenia Muscle, 8, 529, 10.1002/jcsm.12208

Berton, 2015, Effect of oral beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on physical performance in healthy old women over 65 Years: an open label randomized controlled trial, PloS One, 10, 10.1371/journal.pone.0141757

Holeček, 2019, Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on skeletal muscle in healthy and cirrhotic rats, Int J Exp Pathol, 100, 175, 10.1111/iep.12322

Lattanzi, 2019, The effect of 12 Weeks of beta-Hydroxy-beta-Methyl-Butyrate supplementation after liver transplantation: a pilot randomized controlled study, Nutrients, 11, 10.3390/nu11092259

Montesano, 2015, Potential therapeutic role of L-carnitine in skeletal muscle oxidative stress and atrophy conditions, Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2015, 646171, 10.1155/2015/646171

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Maruyama, 2019, Efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation for improving lean body mass and physical function in patients on hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial, Eur J Clin Nutr, 73, 293, 10.1038/s41430-018-0348-y

Hiramatsu, 2019, Levocarnitine use is associated with improvement in sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis, Hepatol Commun, 3, 348, 10.1002/hep4.1309

Ohara, 2018, L-carnitine suppresses loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients with liver cirrhosis, Hepatol Commun, 2, 910, 10.1002/hep4.1207

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Butterworth, 2019, Hepatoprotection by L-ornithine L-aspartate in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Dig Dis, 37, 63, 10.1159/000491429

Kumar, 2017, Ammonia lowering reverses sarcopenia of cirrhosis by restoring skeletal muscle proteostasis, Hepatology, 65, 2045, 10.1002/hep.29107

Murphy, 2011, Nutritional intervention with fish oil provides a benefit over standard of care for weight and skeletal muscle mass in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy, Cancer, 117, 1775, 10.1002/cncr.25709

Calder, 2017, Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man, Biochem Soc Trans, 45, 1105, 10.1042/BST20160474

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Smith, 2011, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augment the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperinsulinaemia-hyperaminoacidaemia in healthy young and middle-aged men and women, Clin Sci (Lond), 121, 267, 10.1042/CS20100597

Smith, 2015, Fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA therapy increases muscle mass and function in healthy older adults, Am J Clin Nutr, 102, 115, 10.3945/ajcn.114.105833

Smith, 2011, Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial, Am J Clin Nutr, 93, 402, 10.3945/ajcn.110.005611

Gingras, 2007, Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids regulate bovine whole-body protein metabolism by promoting muscle insulin signalling to the Akt-mTOR-S6K1 pathway and insulin sensitivity, J Physiol, 579, 269, 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.121079

Ryan, 2009, Enteral nutrition enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) preserves lean body mass following esophageal cancer surgery: results of a double-blinded randomized controlled trial, Ann Surg, 249, 355, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31819a4789

You, 2010, Dietary fish oil alleviates soleus atrophy during immobilization in association with Akt signaling to p70s6k and E3 ubiquitin ligases in rats, Appl Physiol Nutr Metabol, 35, 310, 10.1139/H10-022

Enguita, 2019, The cirrhotic liver is depleted of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key modulator of NF-κB and TGFβ pathways in hepatic stellate cells, Cell Death Dis, 10, 14, 10.1038/s41419-018-1243-0

Plank, 2015, Perioperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing liver transplantation: a randomized double-blind trial, Hepatology, 61, 639, 10.1002/hep.27433

Kitson, 2012, D-livering the message: the importance of vitamin D status in chronic liver disease, J Hepatol, 57, 897, 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.04.033

Arteh, 2010, Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver disease, Dig Dis Sci, 55, 2624, 10.1007/s10620-009-1069-9

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Kubesch, 2018, Vitamin D deficiency is associated with hepatic decompensation and inflammation in patients with liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study, PloS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0207162

Halfon, 2015, Vitamin D: a review on its effects on muscle strength, the risk of fall, and frailty, BioMed Res Int, 2015, 11, 10.1155/2015/953241

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Beaudart, 2014, The effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle power: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 99, 4336, 10.1210/jc.2014-1742

Katayama, 2018, The prevalence and implication of zinc deficiency in patients with chronic liver disease, J Clin Med Res, 10, 437, 10.14740/jocmr3374w

Riggio, 1992, Zinc supplementation reduces blood ammonia and increases liver ornithine transcarbamylase activity in experimental cirrhosis, Hepatology, 16, 785, 10.1002/hep.1840160326

Kugelmas, 2000, Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients, J Am Coll Nutr, 19, 13, 10.1080/07315724.2000.10718908

Park, 2020, Effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on the progression of advanced liver disease: a Korean nationwide, multicenter, prospective, observational, cohort study, Nutrients, 12, 10.3390/nu12051429

Nakaya, 2007, BCAA-enriched snack improves nutritional state of cirrhosis, Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif), 23, 113, 10.1016/j.nut.2006.10.008

Román, 2014, Randomized pilot study: effects of an exercise programme and leucine supplementation in patients with cirrhosis, Dig Dis Sci, 59, 1966, 10.1007/s10620-014-3086-6

Hiraoka, 2017, Efficacy of branched-chain amino acid supplementation and walking exercise for preventing sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 29, 1416, 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000986