Non-homologous end joining pathway is the major route of protection against 4β-hydroxywithanolide E-induced DNA damage in MCF-7 cells

Ansquer, 2005, Progesterone induces BRCA1 mRNA decrease, cell cycle alterations and apoptosis in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line, Anticancer Res., 25, 243 Beeharry, 2012, Dose dependent effects on cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair by bendamustine, PLoS One, 7, e40342, 10.1371/journal.pone.0040342 Bellila, 2011, Cytotoxic activity of withanolides isolated from Tunisian Datura metel L, Phytochemistry, 72, 2031, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.009 Bhattacharya, 2011, Resveratrol modulates the malignant properties of cutaneous melanoma through changes in the activation and attenuation of the antiapoptotic protooncogenic protein Akt/PKB, Melanoma Res., 21, 180, 10.1097/CMR.0b013e3283456dfc Bristow, 2008, Hypoxia and metabolism. Hypoxia, DNA repair and genetic instability, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 8, 180, 10.1038/nrc2344 Chiu, 2013, Golden berry-derived 4β-hydroxywithanolide E for selectively killing oral cancer cells by generating ROS, DNA damage, and apoptotic pathways, PLoS One, 8, e64739, 10.1371/journal.pone.0064739 Cortez, 2005, Unwind and slow down: checkpoint activation by helicase and polymerase uncoupling, Genes Dev., 19, 1007, 10.1101/gad.1316905 Franco, 2007, Antiinflammatory activity of extracts and fractions obtained from Physalis peruviana L. calyces, Biomedica, 27, 110, 10.7705/biomedica.v27i1.237 Gogada, 2011, Curcumin induces Apaf-1 dependent, p21-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis, Cell Cycle, 10, 4128, 10.4161/cc.10.23.18292 Han, 2010, Genistein induces growth inhibition and G2/M arrest in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, Nutr. Cancer, 62, 641, 10.1080/01635581003605490 Harkin, 1999, Induction of GADD45 and JNK/SAPK-dependent apoptosis following inducible expression of BRCA1, Cell, 97, 575, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80769-2 Holt, 1996, Growth retardation and tumour inhibition by BRCA1, Nat. Genet., 12, 298, 10.1038/ng0396-298 Huh, 2011, Capsaicin induces apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant stomach cancer cells by causing degradation of cisplatin-inducible Aurora-A protein, Nutr. Cancer, 63, 1095, 10.1080/01635581.2011.607548 Ji, 2012, Induction of DNA damage by deguelin is mediated through reducing DNA repair genes in human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells, Oncol. Rep., 27, 959, 10.3892/or.2012.1622 Juan, 2012, Colorectal cancer chemoprevention by trans-resveratrol, Pharmacol. Res., 65, 584, 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.03.010 Lapenna, 2009, Cell cycle kinases as therapeutic targets for cancer, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 8, 547, 10.1038/nrd2907 Lau, 2008, Reactive oxygen species: current knowledge and applications in cancer research and therapeutic, J. Cell. Biochem., 104, 657, 10.1002/jcb.21655 Lee, 2006, Aloe-emodin induced DNA damage through generation of reactive oxygen species in human lung carcinoma cells, Cancer Lett., 239, 55, 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.07.036 Lee, 2009, Oxidative stress involvement in Physalis angulata-induced apoptosis in human oral cancer cells, Food Chem. Toxicol., 47, 561, 10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.013 Lee, 2010, Photodynamic activity of aloe-emodin induces resensitization of lung cancer cells to anoikis, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 648, 50, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.033 Lou, 2003, MDC1 regulates BRCA1 localization and phosphorylation in DNA damage checkpoint control, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 13599, 10.1074/jbc.C300060200 Lu, 2010, Hispolon promotes MDM2 downregulation through chaperone-mediated autophagy, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 398, 26, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.004 Nikolova, 2012, Chloroethylnitrosourea-induced cell death and genotoxicity: cell cycle dependence and the role of DNA double-strand breaks, HR and NHEJ, Cell Cycle, 11, 2606, 10.4161/cc.20862 Sakurai, 1976, Isolation of 4 beta-hydroxywithanolide E, a new withanolide from Physalis peruviana L, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 24, 1403, 10.1248/cpb.24.1403 Shapiro, 1999, Anticancer drug targets: cell cycle and checkpoint control, J. Clin. Invest., 104, 1645, 10.1172/JCI9054 Shiloh, 2003, ATM and related protein kinases: safeguarding genome integrity, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 3, 155, 10.1038/nrc1011 Somasundaram, 2003, Breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1): role in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair-perhaps through transcription, J. Cell. Biochem., 88, 1084, 10.1002/jcb.10469 Stiff, 2004, ATM and DNA-PK function redundantly to phosphorylate H2AX after exposure to ionizing radiation, Cancer Res., 64, 2390, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3207 Thangaraju, 2000, BRCA1 facilitates stress-induced apoptosis in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 33487, 10.1074/jbc.M005824200 Wang, 2002, 53BP1, a mediator of the DNA damage checkpoint, Science, 298, 1435, 10.1126/science.1076182 Welch, 1992, Antiproliferative effect of the garlic compound S-allyl cysteine on human neuroblastoma cells in vitro, Cancer Lett., 63, 211, 10.1016/0304-3835(92)90263-U Wouwer, 2012, Activation of the BRCA1/Chk1/p53/p21(Cip1/Waf1) pathway by nitric oxide and cell cycle arrest in human neuroblastoma NB69 cells, Nitric Oxide, 26, 182, 10.1016/j.niox.2012.02.003 Wu, 2011, Diallyl sulfide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa human cervical cancer cells through the p53, caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways, Int. J. Oncol., 38, 1605 Wu, 2011, 2-(Naphthalene-1-yl)-6-pyrrolidinyl-4-quinazolinone inhibits skin cancer M21 cell proliferation through aberrant expression of microtubules and the cell cycle, Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 338, 942, 10.1124/jpet.110.176115 Wu, 2004, Antihepatoma activity of Physalis angulata and P. peruviana extracts and their effects on apoptosis in human Hep G2 cells, Life Sci., 74, 2061, 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.058 Yarden, 2002, BRCA1 regulates the G2/M checkpoint by activating Chk1 kinase upon DNA damage, Nat. Genet., 30, 285, 10.1038/ng837 Yen, 2010, 4beta-Hydroxywithanolide E from Physalis peruviana (golden berry) inhibits growth of human lung cancer cells through DNA damage, apoptosis and G2/M arrest, BMC Cancer, 10, 46, 10.1186/1471-2407-10-46 Yu, 2012, Norcantharidin triggers cell death and DNA damage through S-phase arrest and ROS-modulated apoptotic pathways in TSGH 8301 human urinary bladder carcinoma cells, Int. J. Oncol., 41, 1050, 10.3892/ijo.2012.1511 Zhang, 2012, Inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cell lines CaOV3 and SKOV3 by natural withanolide Withaferin A, Gynecol. Oncol., 124, 606, 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.11.044