Neurophysiological regulation andtarget-tissue impact of the pulsatile mode of growth hormone secretion in the human
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Giustina, 1998, Pathophysiology of the neuroregulation of GH secretion in experimental animals and the human, Endocr Rev, 19, 717, 10.1210/er.19.6.717
Anderson, 2001, Short-term estradiol supplementation augments growth hormone (GH)-secretory responsiveness to dose-varying growth hormone-releasing peptide(GHRP-2) infusions in postmenopausal women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, 551, 10.1210/jc.86.2.551
Veldhuis, 1999, The neuroendocrine control of ultradian rhythms, 453
Robinson, 1991, The growth hormone secretory pattern: a response to neuroendocrine signals, Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 372, 70, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb17975.x
Jorgensen, 1990, Pulsatile versus continuous intravenous administration of growth hormone (GH) in GH-deficient patients: effects on circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and metabolic indices, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 70, 1616, 10.1210/jcem-70-6-1616
Hartman, 1993, Evaluation of pulsatile patterns of growth hormone release in man, Am J Hum Biol, 5, 603, 10.1002/ajhb.1310050603
Jorgensen, 1992, Preservation of inherent diurnal serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 pattern during low dose GH infusion, Horm Metab Res, 24, 496, 10.1055/s-2007-1003372
Jorgensen, 1993, Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II and IGF binding proteins 1, 2 and 3 during low-dose growth hormone (GH) infusion and sequential euglycemic and hypoglycemic glucose clamps: studies in GH-deficient patients, Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 128, 513, 10.1530/acta.0.1280513
Jorgensen, 1993, Marked effects of sustained low growth hormone (GH) levels on day-to-day fuel metabolism. Studies in GH-deficient patients and healthy untreated subjects, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 77, 1589, 10.1210/jc.77.6.1589
Jansson, 1985, Imprinting of growth hormone secretion, body growth, and hepatic steroid metabolism by neonatal testosterone, Endocrinology, 117, 1881, 10.1210/endo-117-5-1881
Clark, 1988, Paradoxical growth-promoting effects induced by patterned infusions of somatostatin in female rats, Endocrinology, 122, 2675, 10.1210/endo-122-6-2675
Gabrielsson, 1995, Steroid regulation of growth hormone (GH) receptor and GH-binding protein messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat, Endocrinology, 136, 209, 10.1210/en.136.1.209
Jansson, 1982, Effect of frequency of growth hormone administration on longitudinal bone growth and body weight in hypophysectomized rats, Acta Physiol Scand, 114, 261, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1982.tb06980.x
Wells, 1994, The sensitivity of hepatic CYP2C gene expression in baseline growth hormone (GH) bioactivity in dwarf rats: effects of GH-binding protein invivo, Endocrinology, 134, 2135, 10.1210/en.134.5.2135
Hartman, 1994, Enhanced basal and disorderly growth hormone secretion distinguish acromegalic from normal pulsatile growth hormone release, J Clin Invest, 94, 1277, 10.1172/JCI117446
Bick, 1992, Roles of pulsatility and continuity of growth hormone (GH) administration in the regulation of hepatic GH-receptors, and circulating GH-bindingprotein and insulin-like growth factor-I, Endocrinology, 131, 423, 10.1210/en.131.1.423
Jansson, 1985, Sexual dimorphism in the control of growth hormone secretion, Endocr Rev, 6, 128, 10.1210/edrv-6-2-128
Isgaard, 1988, Pulsatile intravenous growth hormone (GH) infusion to hypophysectomized rats increases serum-like growth factor I messenger ribonucleic acid inskeletal tissues more effectively than continuous infusion, Endocrinology, 123, 2605, 10.1210/endo-123-6-2605
Veldhuis, 1999, Proposed mechanisms of sex-steroid hormone neuromodulation of the human GH-IGF-I axis, 93
Jorgensen, 1991, Short-term changes in serum insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF binding protein 3 after different modes of intravenous growth hormone (GH) exposure in GH-deficient patients, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 72, 582, 10.1210/jcem-72-3-582
Mauras, 1995, Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I enhances whole body protein anabolism and significantly diminishes the protein catabolic effects of prednisone in humans without a diabetogenic effect, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, 869, 10.1210/jc.80.3.869
van den Berg, 1996, An amplitude-specific divergence in the pulsatile mode of GH secretion underlies the gender difference in mean GH concentrations in men andpremenopausal women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 2460, 10.1210/jc.81.7.2460
Mauras, 1987, Augmentation of growth hormone secretion during puberty: evidence for a pulse amplitude-modulated phenomenon, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 64, 596, 10.1210/jcem-64-3-596
Veldhuis, 2000, Gender and sexual maturation-dependent contrasts in the neuroregulation of growth-hormone (GH) secretion in prepubertal and late adolescent malesand females, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 2385, 10.1210/jc.85.7.2385
Martha, 1992, Endogenous growth hormone secretion and clearance rates in normal boys as determined by deconvolution analysis: relationship to age, pubertalstatus and body mass, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 74, 336, 10.1210/jc.74.2.336
Veldhuis, 1987, The pituitary gland secretes in bursts: appraising the nature of glandular secretory impulses by simultaneous multiple-parameter deconvolution ofplasma hormone concentrations, 84, 7686
Veldhuis, 1990, Operating behavior of dual or multiple endocrine pulse generators, Am J Physiol, 259, E351
Veldhuis, 1992, Deconvolution analysis of hormone data, Methods Enzymol, 210, 539, 10.1016/0076-6879(92)10028-C
Mauras, 1990, Increased hGH production rate after low-dose estrogen therapy in prepubertal girls with Turner's syndrome, Pediatr Res, 28, 626, 10.1203/00006450-199012000-00018
Eakman, 1996, The effect of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on hypothalamic regulation of growth hormone secretion, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 1217, 10.1210/jc.81.3.1217
Giustina, 1997, Maturation of the regulation of growth hormone secretion in young males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism pharmacologically exposed to progressiveincrements in serum testosterone, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 1210, 10.1210/jc.82.4.1210
Mauras, 1996, Sex steroids, growth hormone, IGF-I: neuroendocrine and metabolic regulation in puberty, Horm Res, 45, 74, 10.1159/000184763
Fryburg, 1997, Short-term modulation of the androgen milieu alters pulsatile but not exercise or GHRH-stimulated GH secretion in healthy men, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 3710, 10.1210/jc.82.11.3710
Devesa, 1991, The role of sexual steroids in the modulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion in humans, J Steroid Biochem Mot Biol, 40, 165, 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90179-9
Metzger, 1993, Androgen receptor blockade with flutamide enhances growth hormone secretion in late pubertal males: evidence for independent actions of estrogen and androgen, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 76, 1147, 10.1210/jc.76.5.1147
Metzger, 1994, Estrogen receptor blockade with tamoxifen diminishes growth hormone secretion in boys: evidence for a stimulatory role of endogenous estrogens during male adolescence, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 79, 513, 10.1210/jc.79.2.513
Argente, 1990, Somatostatin messenger RNA in hypothalamic neurons is increased by testosterone through activation of androgen receptors and not by aromatizationto estradiol, Neuroendocrinology, 52, 342, 10.1159/000125618
Janssen, 1987, Differential effects of neonatal and adult androgen exposure on the growth hormone secretory pattern in male rats, Endocrinology, 120, 1551, 10.1210/endo-120-4-1551
Fryburg, 1999, Androgenic modulation of the growth hormone-IGF axis and its impact on metabolic outcomes, 82
Iranmanesh, 1994, Low basal and persistent pulsatile growth hormone secretion are revealed in normal and hyposomatotropic men studied with a new ultrasensitivechemiluminescence assay, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 78, 526, 10.1210/jc.78.3.526
Veldhuis, 1995, Differential impact of age, sex-steroid hormones, and obesity on basal versus pulsatile growth hormone secretion in men as assessed in anultrasensitive chemiluminescence assay, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, 3209, 10.1210/jc.80.11.3209
Veldhuis, 1995, Specific methodological approaches to selected contemporary issues in deconvolution analysis of pulsatile neuroendocrine data, Methods Neurosci, 28, 25, 10.1016/S1043-9471(06)80028-5
Veldhuis, 1991, Decreased metabolic clearance of endogenous growth hormone and specific alterations in the pulsatile mode of growth hormone secretion occur in prepubertal girls with Turner's syndrome, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 73, 1073, 10.1210/jcem-73-5-1073
Shah, 1999, Actions of estrogen on the pulsatile, nyctohemeral, and entropic modes of growth hormone secretion, Am J Physiol, 276, R1351
Bray, 2001, Impact of short-term oral estradiol replacement on somatostatin's dose-dependent inhibition of growth-hormone secretion in postmenopausal women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 10.1210/jc.86.7.3143
Shah, 2000, Oral estradiol administration modulates continuous intravenous growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide-2 driven GH secretion in postmenopausal women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 2649, 10.1210/jc.85.8.2649
Wideman, 1999, Gender impact on the GH response to exercise, 261
Shah, 1999, Tripartite neuroendocrine activation of the human growth-hormone (GH1) axis in women by continuous 24-hour GH-releasing peptide (GHRP-2) infusion: pulsatile, entropic, and nyctohemeral mechanisms, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, 2140, 10.1210/jc.84.6.2140
Loche, 1997, The growth hormone response to hexarelin in children: reproducibility and effect of sex steroids, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 861, 10.1210/jc.82.3.861
Bellone, 1995, Growth hormonereleasing activity of hexarelin, a new synthetic hexapeptide, before and during puberty, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, 1090, 10.1210/jc.80.4.1090
Arvat, 1997, Oestrogen replacement does not restore the reduced GH-releasing activity of hexarelin, a synthetic hexapeptide, in post-menopausal women, Eur J Endocrinol, 136, 483, 10.1530/eje.0.1360483
Penalva, 1993, Influence of sex, age, and adrenergic pathways on the growth hormone response to GHRP-6, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 38, 87, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb00977.x
Nyberg, 1997, Aging effects on growth hormone receptor binding in the brain, Exp Gerontol, 32, 521, 10.1016/S0531-5565(96)00170-2
Martin, 1999, Frailty and the somatopause, Growth Horm IGF Res, 9, 3
Rosen, 1994, Decreased psychological well-being in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 40, 111, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02452.x
Aleman, 1999, Insulin-like growth factor-I and cognitive function in healthy older men, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, 471, 10.1210/jc.84.2.471
Kaplan, 1993, The newer uses of growth hormone in adults, Adv Intern Med, 38, 287
Pellegrini, 1996, Central administration of a growth hormone (GH) receptor mRNA antisense increases GH pulsatility and decreases hypothalamic somatostatin expressionin rats, J Neurosci, 16, 8140, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-24-08140.1996
Katakami, 1986, Growth hormone (GHI)-releasing factor stimulates hypothalamic somatostatin release: an inhibitory feedback effect on GH secretion, Endocrinology, 118, 1872, 10.1210/endo-118-5-1872
Aguila, 1993, Insulin-like growth factor-I modulates hypothalamic somatostatin through a growth hormone releasing factor increased somatostatin release andmessenger ribonucleic acid levels, Brain Res, 625, 213, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91061-V
Berntann, 1994, Negative feedback regulation of pulsatile growth hormone secretion by insulin-like growth factor I: involvement of hypothalamic somatostatin, J Clin Invest, 94, 138, 10.1172/JCI117299
Chihara, 1981, Intraventrically injected growth hormone stimulates somatostatin release into rat hypophyseal portal blood, Endocrinology, 109, 2279, 10.1210/endo-109-6-2279
Chomczynski, 1988, Feedback regulation of growth hormone releasing hormone gene expression by growth hormone in the rat hypothalamus, Mol Endocrinol, 2, 236, 10.1210/mend-2-3-236
Lai, 1993, Age-related reduction of human growth hormone-binding sites in the human brain, Brain Res, 621, 260, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90114-3
Bennett, 1996, Differential regulation of the growth hormone receptor gene: effects of dexamethasone and estradiol, Endocrinology, 137, 3891, 10.1210/en.137.9.3891
Domene, 1994, Estradiol inhibits growth hormone receptor gene expression in rabbit liver, Mol Cell Endocrinol, 103, 81, 10.1016/0303-7207(94)90072-8
Mathews, 1989, Regulation of rat growth hormone receptor gene expression, J Biol Chem, 264, 9905, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)81745-8
Pellegrini, 1997, Intrahypothalamic growth hormone feedback: from dwarfism to acromegaly in the rat, Endocrinology, 138, 4543, 10.1210/en.138.11.4543
Ross, 1987, Growth hormone pretreatment in man blocks the response to growth hormone-releasing hormone: evidence for a direct effect of growth hormone, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 26, 117, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1987.tb03645.x
Rosenthal, 1986, Exogenous growth hormone inhibits growth hormone-releasing factorinduced growth hormone secretion in normal men, J Clin Invest, 77, 176, 10.1172/JCI112273
Ross, 1987, GH feedback occurs through modulation of hypothalamic somatostatin under cholinergic control: studies with pyridostigmine and GHRH, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 27, 727, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1987.tb02957.x
Willoughby, 1980, Effects of human growth hormone on the secretion of rat growth hormone, J Endocrinol, 86, 165, 10.1677/joe.0.0860165
Bellone, 1996, Acute administration of recombinant human growth hormone inhibits the somatotrope responsiveness to growth hormone-releasing hormone in childhood, Eur J Endocrinol, 135, 421, 10.1530/eje.0.1350421
Clark, 1988, Growth hormone (GH) secretion in the conscious rat: negative feedback of GH on its own release, J Endocrinol, 119, 201, 10.1677/joe.0.1190201
Massoud, 1995, Hexarehn induced growth hormone release is influenced by exogenous growth hormone, Clin Endocrinol, 43, 617, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02927.x
Mendelson, 1983, Negative feedback suppression of sleep-related growth hormone secretion, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 56, 486, 10.1210/jcem-56-3-486
Nakamoto, 1986, Suppression of the growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine and GH-releasing hormone by exogenous GH, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 62, 822, 10.1210/jcem-62-5-822
Terry, 1981, The effects of lateral hypothalamic-medial forebrain stimulation and somatostatin antiserum on pulsatile growth hormone secretion in freelybehaving rats: evidence for a dual regulatory mechanism, Endocrinology, 109, 622, 10.1210/endo-109-2-622
Tannenbaum, 1980, Evidence for autoregulation of growth hormone secretion via the central nervous system, Endocrinology, 107, 2117, 10.1210/endo-107-6-2117
Wood, 1991, Hormonal regulation of rat hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNAs: effect of hypophysectomy and hormone replacement on growth hormone-releasing factor, somatostatin and the insulin-like growth factors, Neuroendocrinology, 53, 298, 10.1159/000125732
Zheng, 1997, Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 knockout mice are refractory to growth hormonenegative feedback on arcuate neurons, Mol Endocrinol, 11, 1709, 10.1210/me.11.11.1709
Epelbaum, 1992, Intrahypothalamic neurohormonal interactions in the control of growth hormone secretion, 168, 54
Farhi, 2001, A construct of interactive feedback control of the GH axis in the male, Am J Physiol
Gentili, 2000, Testosterone supplementation increases growth hormone secretion in older but not young men
Iranmanesh, 1998, Unequal impact of age, percentage body fat, and serum testosterone concentrations on the somatotropic, IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein responses to a three-day intravenous growth-hormone-releasinghormone (GHRH) pulsatile infusion, Eur J Endocrinol, 139, 59, 10.1530/eje.0.1390059
Evans, 2000, Effects of estradiol and of continuous 24-hour GHRH- and GHRP-2-stimulation in women on pulsatile and entropic GH secretion
Gelato, 1984, Dose-response relationships for the effects of growth hormone-releasing factor-(1-44)-NH2 in young adult men and women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 59, 197, 10.1210/jcem-59-2-197
Gelato, 1986, Growth hormone (GH) responses to GH-releasing hormone during pubertal development in normal boys and girls: comparison to idiopathic short stature and GH deficiency, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 63, 174, 10.1210/jcem-63-1-174
Bellantoni, 1991, Effects of progestin-opposed transdermal estrogen administration on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in postmenopausal women of different ages, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 72, 172, 10.1210/jcem-72-1-172
Iranmanesh, 1991, Age and relative adiposity are specific negative determinants of the frequency and amplitude of growth hormone (GH) secretory bursts and the half-life of endogenous GH in healthy men, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 73, 1081, 10.1210/jcem-73-5-1081
Vahl, 1997, Abdominal adiposity rather than age and sex predicts the mass and patterned regularity of growth hormone secretion in mid-life healthy adults, Am J Physiol, 272, E1108
Faria, 1992, Pulsatile growth hormone release in normal women during the menstrual cycle, Clin Endocrinol, 36, 591, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02270.x
Roemmich, 1998, Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty: III. Influence of maturation, gender, body composition, fat distribution, aerobic fitness, and energy expenditure on nocturnal growth hormone release, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, 1440, 10.1210/jc.83.5.1440
Langendonk, 2000, Estimation of growth hormone secretion rate: impact of kinetic assumptions intrinsic to the analytical approach, Am J Physiol
Hartman, 1992, Augmented growth hormone (GH) secretory burst frequency and amplitude mediate enhanced GH secretion during a two-day fast in normal men, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 74, 757, 10.1210/jc.74.4.757
Hartman, 1991, Temporal structure of in vivo growth hormone secretory events in man, Am J Physiol, 260, E101
Weltman, 1994, Relationship between age, percentage body fat, fitness and 24 hour growth hormone release in healthy young adults: effects of gender, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 78, 543, 10.1210/jc.78.3.543
Friend, 1997, Pyridostigmine treatment selectively amplifies the mass of GH secreted per burst without altering the GH burst frequency, half-life, basal GHsecretion or the orderliness of the GH release process, Eur J Endocrinol, 137, 377, 10.1530/eje.0.1370377
Iranmanesh, 1992, Clinical pathophysiology of the somatotropic (GH) axis in adults, 783
Bowers, 1994, Atypical growth hormone releasing peptides, 203
Ghigo, 1996, New approach to the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults, Eur J Endocrinol, 134, 352, 10.1530/eje.0.1340352
van den Berghe, 1998, Neuroendocrinology of critical illness: effects of exogenous continuous thyrotropin-releasing hormone infusion and its combination with growth hormone-secretagogues, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, 309, 10.1210/jc.83.2.309
van den Berghe, 1997, The somatotropic axis in critical illness: effects of continuous GHRH and GHRP-2 infusion, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 590, 10.1210/jc.82.2.590
van den Berg, 1994, Growth hormone secretion in recently operated acromegalic patients, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 79, 1706, 10.1210/jc.79.6.1706
van den Berg, 1998, Reduced disorderliness of growth hormone release in biochemically inactive acromegaly after pituitary surgery, Eur J Endocrinol, 138, 164, 10.1530/eje.0.1380164
Reutens, 1996, A highly sensitive growth hormone (GH) ELISA uncovers increased contribution of a tonic mode of GH secretion in adults with organic GH deficiency, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 1591, 10.1210/jc.81.4.1591
Holl, 1991, Thirty-second sampling of plasma growth hormone in man: correlation with sleep stages, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 72, 854, 10.1210/jcem-72-4-854
Bergendahl, 1999, Short-term fasting suppresses leptin and (conversely) activates disorderly GH secretion in mid-luteal phase women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, 883, 10.1210/jc.84.3.883
Calabresi, 1996, Somatostatin infusion suppresses GH secretory burst number and mass in normal men: a dual mechanism of inhibition, Am J Physiol, 270, E975