National and subnational mortality effects of metabolic risk factors and smoking in Iran: a comparative risk assessment

Population Health Metrics - Tập 9 - Trang 1-11 - 2011
Farshad Farzadfar1, Goodarz Danaei2, Hengameh Namdaritabar3, Julie Knoll Rajaratnam4, Jacob R Marcus4, Ardeshir Khosravi3, Siamak Alikhani3, Christopher JL Murray4, Majid Ezzati5,6
1Diabetes Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
3Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
4Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Imperial College, London, UK
6MRC-HPA Center for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, UK

Tóm tắt

Mortality from cardiovascular and other chronic diseases has increased in Iran. Our aim was to estimate the effects of smoking and high systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), and high body mass index (BMI) on mortality and life expectancy, nationally and subnationally, using representative data and comparable methods. We used data from the Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance Survey to estimate means and standard deviations for the metabolic risk factors, nationally and by region. Lung cancer mortality was used to measure cumulative exposure to smoking. We used data from the death registration system to estimate age-, sex-, and disease-specific numbers of deaths in 2005, adjusted for incompleteness using demographic methods. We used systematic reviews and meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies to obtain the effect of risk factors on disease-specific mortality. We estimated deaths and life expectancy loss attributable to risk factors using the comparative risk assessment framework. In 2005, high SBP was responsible for 41,000 (95% uncertainty interval: 38,000, 44,000) deaths in men and 39,000 (36,000, 42,000) deaths in women in Iran. High FPG, BMI, and TC were responsible for about one-third to one-half of deaths attributable to SBP in men and/or women. Smoking was responsible for 9,000 deaths among men and 2,000 among women. If SBP were reduced to optimal levels, life expectancy at birth would increase by 3.2 years (2.6, 3.9) and 4.1 years (3.2, 4.9) in men and women, respectively; the life expectancy gains ranged from 1.1 to 1.8 years for TC, BMI, and FPG. SBP was also responsible for the largest number of deaths in every region, with age-standardized attributable mortality ranging from 257 to 333 deaths per 100,000 adults in different regions. Management of blood pressure through diet, lifestyle, and pharmacological interventions should be a priority in Iran. Interventions for other metabolic risk factors and smoking can also improve population health.

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Population Health Metrics

Tập 9

1-11

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