NLRP3 inflammasome: From a danger signal sensor to a regulatory node of oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases

Janeway, 1992, The immune system evolved to discriminate infectious nonself from noninfectious self, Immunology Today, 13, 11, 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90198-G

Matzinger, 2002, The danger model: a renewed sense of self, Science, 296, 301, 10.1126/science.1071059

Martinon, 2005, NLRs join TLRs as innate sensors of pathogens, Trends in Immunology, 26, 447, 10.1016/j.it.2005.06.004

Martinon, 2002, The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta, Molecular Cell, 10, 417, 10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00599-3

Dinarello, 2011, A clinical perspective of IL-1beta as the gatekeeper of inflammation, European Journal of Immunology, 41, 1203, 10.1002/eji.201141550

Leemans, 2011, Sensing damage by the NLRP3 inflammasome, Immunological Reviews, 243, 152, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01043.x

Masters, 2009, Horror autoinflammaticus: the molecular pathophysiology of autoinflammatory disease (*), Annual Review of Immunology, 27, 621, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141627

Dinarello, 2010, IL-1: discoveries, controversies and future directions, European Journal of Immunology, 40, 599, 10.1002/eji.201040319

Strowig, 2012, Inflammasomes in health and disease, Nature, 481, 278, 10.1038/nature10759

De Alba, 2009, Structure and interdomain dynamics of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284, 32932, 10.1074/jbc.M109.024273

Gross, 2011, The inflammasome: an integrated view, Immunological Reviews, 243, 136, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01046.x

Masumoto, 2003, ASC is an activating adaptor for NF-kappa B and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 303, 69, 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00309-7

Ohtsuka, 2004, ASC is a Bax adaptor and regulates the p53-Bax mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, Nature Cell Biology, 6, 121, 10.1038/ncb1087

Richards, 2001, Interaction between pyrin and the apoptotic speck protein (ASC) modulates ASC-induced apoptosis, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 39320, 10.1074/jbc.M104730200

Masumoto, 1999, ASC, a novel 22-kDa protein, aggregates during apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274, 33835, 10.1074/jbc.274.48.33835

Masumoto, 2001, Expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, a pyrin N-terminal homology domain-containing protein, in normal human tissues, Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 49, 1269, 10.1177/002215540104901009

Srinivasula, 2002, The pyrin-CARD protein ASC is an activating adaptor for caspase-1, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 21119, 10.1074/jbc.C200179200

Fernandes-Alnemri, 2007, The pyroptosome: a supramolecular assembly of ASC dimers mediating inflammatory cell death via caspase-1 activation, Cell Death and Differentiation, 14, 1590, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402194

Cohen, 1997, Caspases: the executioners of apoptosis, Biochemical Journal, 326, 1, 10.1042/bj3260001

Martinon, 2004, Inflammatory caspases: linking an intracellular innate immune system to autoinflammatory diseases, Cell, 117, 561, 10.1016/j.cell.2004.05.004

Nadiri, 2006, The inflammatory caspases: key players in the host response to pathogenic invasion and sepsis, Journal of Immunology, 177, 4239, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.7.4239

Martinon, 2007, Inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes: master switches of inflammation, Cell Death and Differentiation, 14, 10, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402038

Saleh, 2004, Differential modulation of endotoxin responsiveness by human caspase-12 polymorphisms, Nature, 429, 75, 10.1038/nature02451

Park, 2006, Crystal structure of RAIDD death domain implicates potential mechanism of PIDDosome assembly, Journal of Molecular Biology, 357, 358, 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.12.082

Park, 2007, The death domain superfamily in intracellular signaling of apoptosis and inflammation, Annual Review of Immunology, 25, 561, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141656

Vajjhala, 2012, Multiple binding sites on the pyrin domain of ASC protein allow self-association and interaction with NLRP3 protein, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287, 41732, 10.1074/jbc.M112.381228

Liepinsh, 2003, The death-domain fold of the ASC pyrin domain, presenting a basis for pyrin/pyrin recognition, Journal of Molecular Biology, 332, 1155, 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.07.007

Bae, 2011, Crystal structure of NALP3 protein pyrin domain (PYD) and its implications in inflammasome assembly, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286, 39528, 10.1074/jbc.M111.278812

Taxman, 2010, Inflammasome inhibition as a pathogenic stealth mechanism, Cell Host Microbe, 8, 7, 10.1016/j.chom.2010.06.005

Stehlik, 2007, COPs and POPs: modulators of inflammasome activity, Journal of Immunology, 179, 7993, 10.4049/jimmunol.179.12.7993

Stehlik, 2003, The PAAD/PYRIN-only protein POP1/ASC2 is a modulator of ASC-mediated nuclear-factor-kappa B and pro-caspase-1 regulation, Biochemical Journal, 373, 101, 10.1042/bj20030304

Dorfleutner, 2007, Cellular pyrin domain-only protein 2 is a candidate regulator of inflammasome activation, Infection and Immunity, 75, 1484, 10.1128/IAI.01315-06

Johnston, 2005, A poxvirus-encoded pyrin domain protein interacts with ASC-1 to inhibit host inflammatory and apoptotic responses to infection, Immunity, 23, 587, 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.10.003

Schroder, 2010, The inflammasomes, Cell, 140, 821, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.040

Kanneganti, 2006, Critical role for cryopyrin/Nalp3 in activation of caspase-1 in response to viral infection and double-stranded RNA, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281, 36560, 10.1074/jbc.M607594200

Kanneganti, 2006, Bacterial RNA and small antiviral compounds activate caspase-1 through cryopyrin/Nalp3, Nature, 440, 233, 10.1038/nature04517

Sutterwala, 2006, Critical role for NALP3/CIAS1/Cryopyrin in innate and adaptive immunity through its regulation of caspase-1, Immunity, 24, 317, 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.02.004

Duncan, 2009, Neisseria gonorrhoeae activates the proteinase cathepsin B to mediate the signaling activities of the NLRP3 and ASC-containing inflammasome, Journal of Immunology, 182, 6460, 10.4049/jimmunol.0802696

Di Paolo, 2009, Virus binding to a plasma membrane receptor triggers interleukin-1alpha-mediated proinflammatory macrophage response in vivo, Immunity, 31, 110, 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.04.015

Muruve, 2008, The inflammasome recognizes cytosolic microbial and host DNA and triggers an innate immune response, Nature, 452, 103, 10.1038/nature06664

Martinon, 2004, Identification of bacterial muramyl dipeptide as activator of the NALP3/cryopyrin inflammasome, Current Biology, 14, 1929, 10.1016/j.cub.2004.10.027

Hoegen, 2011, The NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to brain injury in pneumococcal meningitis and is activated through ATP-dependent lysosomal cathepsin B release, Journal of Immunology, 187, 5440, 10.4049/jimmunol.1100790

Mariathasan, 2006, Cryopyrin activates the inflammasome in response to toxins and ATP, Nature, 440, 228, 10.1038/nature04515

Dostert, 2008, Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica, Science, 320, 674, 10.1126/science.1156995

Hornung, 2008, Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization, Nature Immunology, 9, 847, 10.1038/ni.1631

Lunov, 2011, Amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages, ACS Nano, 5, 9648, 10.1021/nn203596e

Kool, 2008, Cutting edge: alum adjuvant stimulates inflammatory dendritic cells through activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, Journal of Immunology, 181, 3755, 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.3755

Feldmeyer, 2007, The inflammasome mediates UVB-induced activation and secretion of interleukin-1beta by keratinocytes, Current Biology, 17, 1140, 10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.074

Martinon, 2006, Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome, Nature, 440, 237, 10.1038/nature04516

Yamasaki, 2009, NLRP3/cryopyrin is necessary for interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) release in response to hyaluronan, an endogenous trigger of inflammation in response to injury, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284, 12762, 10.1074/jbc.M806084200

Halle, 2008, The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-beta, Nature Immunology, 9, 857, 10.1038/ni.1636

Li, 2009, Cutting edge: necrosis activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, Journal of Immunology, 183, 1528, 10.4049/jimmunol.0901080

Rossol, 2012, Extracellular Ca2+ is a danger signal activating the NLRP3 inflammasome through G protein-coupled calcium sensing receptors, Nature Communications, 3, 1329, 10.1038/ncomms2339

Lee, 2012, The calcium-sensing receptor regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome through Ca2+ and cAMP, Nature, 492, 123, 10.1038/nature11588

Cassel, 2008, The Nalp3 inflammasome is essential for the development of silicosis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 9035, 10.1073/pnas.0803933105

Cruz, 2007, ATP activates a reactive oxygen species-dependent oxidative stress response and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 2871, 10.1074/jbc.M608083200

Pétrilli, 2007, Activation of the NALP3 inflammasome is triggered by low intracellular potassium concentration, Cell Death and Differentiation, 14, 1583, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402195

Gross, 2009, Syk kinase signalling couples to the Nlrp3 inflammasome for anti-fungal host defence, Nature, 459, 433, 10.1038/nature07965

Shio, 2009, Malarial hemozoin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through Lyn and Syk kinases, PLOS Pathogens, 5, e1000559, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000559

Kowaltowski, 2009, Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 47, 333, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.004

Shimada, 2012, Oxidized mitochondrial DNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome during apoptosis, Immunity, 36, 401, 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.009

Rubartelli, 2012, Redox control of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in health and disease, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 92, 951, 10.1189/jlb.0512265

Zhou, 2010, Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation, Nature Immunology, 11, 136, 10.1038/ni.1831

Masters, 2010, Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by islet amyloid polypeptide provides a mechanism for enhanced IL-1beta in type 2 diabetes, Nature Immunology, 11, 897, 10.1038/ni.1935

McGonagle, 2007, The NLR network and the immunological disease continuum of adaptive and innate immune-mediated inflammation against self, Seminars in Immunopathology, 29, 303, 10.1007/s00281-007-0084-1

Yu, 2011, Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: an update on diagnosis and treatment response, Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 11, 12, 10.1007/s11882-010-0160-9

Muckle, 1962, Urticaria, deafness, and amyloidosis: a new heredo-familial syndrome, Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 31, 235

Huttenlocher, 1995, Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease, Journal of Rheumatology, 22, 1171

Aksentijevich, 2007, The clinical continuum of cryopyrinopathies: novel CIAS1 mutations in North American patients and a new cryopyrin model, Arthritis & Rheumatology, 56, 1273, 10.1002/art.22491

Shinkai, 2008, Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes and autoinflammation, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 33, 1

Agostini, 2004, NALP3 forms an IL-1beta-processing inflammasome with increased activity in Muckle–Wells autoinflammatory disorder, Immunity, 20, 319, 10.1016/S1074-7613(04)00046-9

Masters, 2006, Recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of hereditary recurrent fevers, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 6, 428, 10.1097/ACI.0b013e3280109b57

Goldbach-Mansky, 2006, Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease responsive to interleukin-1beta inhibition, New England Journal of Medicine, 355, 581, 10.1056/NEJMoa055137

Hawkins, 2003, Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in the Muckle–Wells syndrome, New England Journal of Medicine, 348, 2583, 10.1056/NEJM200306193482523

Hoffman, 2004, Prevention of cold-associated acute inflammation in familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, Lancet, 364, 1779, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17401-1

McDermott, 2007, From inflammasomes to fevers, crystals and hypertension: how basic research explains inflammatory diseases, Trends in Molecular Medicine, 13, 381, 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.07.005

Liu, 2000, Structure and function of Cdc6/Cdc18: implications for origin recognition and checkpoint control, Molecular Cell, 6, 637, 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00062-9

Albrecht, 2003, Structural localization of disease-associated sequence variations in the NACHT and LRR domains of PYPAF1 and NOD2, FEBS Letters, 554, 520, 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01222-5

Duncan, 2007, Cryopyrin/NALP3 binds ATP/dATP, is an ATPase, and requires ATP binding to mediate inflammatory signaling, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 8041, 10.1073/pnas.0611496104

Faustin, 2007, Reconstituted NALP1 inflammasome reveals two-step mechanism of caspase-1 activation, Molecular Cell, 25, 713, 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.01.032

So, 2007, A pilot study of IL-1 inhibition by anakinra in acute gout, Arthritis Research & Therapy, 9, R28, 10.1186/ar2143

Stahl, 2009, Rilonacept − CAPS and beyond, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1182, 124, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05074.x

Lachmann, 2009, Use of canakinumab in the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 2416, 10.1056/NEJMoa0810787

Horng, 2011, Linking the inflammasome to obesity-related disease, Nature Medicine, 17, 164, 10.1038/nm0211-164

Choi, 2011, Dampening insulin signaling by an NLRP3 ‘meta-flammasome’, Nature Immunology, 12, 379, 10.1038/ni.2028

Vandanmagsar, 2011, The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, Nature Medicine, 17, 179, 10.1038/nm.2279

Stienstra, 2010, The inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity, Cell Metabolism, 12, 593, 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.11.011

Stienstra, 2011, Inflammasome is a central player in the induction of obesity and insulin resistance, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 15324, 10.1073/pnas.1100255108

Youm, 2011, Elimination of the NLRP3-ASC inflammasome protects against chronic obesity-induced pancreatic damage, Endocrinology, 152, 4039, 10.1210/en.2011-1326

Henao-Mejia, 2012, Inflammasomes: far beyond inflammation, Nature Immunology, 13, 321, 10.1038/ni.2257

Lumeng, 2007, Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 117, 175, 10.1172/JCI29881

Shah, 2008, Protection from high fat diet-induced increase in ceramide in mice lacking plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283, 13538, 10.1074/jbc.M709950200

Boden, 2008, Ceramide: a contributor to insulin resistance or an innocent bystander?, Diabetologia, 51, 1095, 10.1007/s00125-008-1015-y

Wen, 2011, Fatty acid-induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling, Nature Immunology, 12, 408, 10.1038/ni.2022

Spranger, 2003, Inflammatory cytokines and the risk to develop type 2 diabetes: results of the prospective population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study, Diabetes, 52, 812, 10.2337/diabetes.52.3.812

Maedler, 2002, Glucose-induced beta cell production of IL-1beta contributes to glucotoxicity in human pancreatic islets, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 110, 851, 10.1172/JCI200215318

Maedler, 2001, Glucose induces beta-cell apoptosis via upregulation of the Fas receptor in human islets, Diabetes, 50, 1683, 10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1683

Morgan, 2007, Glucose, palmitate and pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate production and activity of a phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase in rat pancreatic islets and a clonal beta cell line, Diabetologia, 50, 359, 10.1007/s00125-006-0462-6

Nishikawa, 2007, Impact of mitochondrial ROS production in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications, Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 9, 343, 10.1089/ars.2006.1458

Zhou, 2009, Attenuation of neuronal degeneration in thioredoxin-1 overexpressing mice after mild focal ischemia, Brain Research, 1272, 62, 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.023

Wu, 2013, AMPK-dependent degradation of TXNIP upon energy stress leads to enhanced glucose uptake via GLUT1, Molecular Cell, 49, 1167, 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.01.035

Abais, 2014, Redox Regulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes: ROS as trigger or effector?, Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

Mihaylova, 2011, The AMPK signalling pathway coordinates cell growth, autophagy and metabolism, Nature Cell Biology, 13, 1016, 10.1038/ncb2329

Viollet, 2009, AMPK: lessons from transgenic and knockout animals, Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition), 14, 19, 10.2741/3229

Kawaguchi, 2002, Mechanism for fatty acid “sparing” effect on glucose-induced transcription: regulation of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein by AMP-activated protein kinase, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277, 3829, 10.1074/jbc.M107895200

Schroder, 2010, The NLRP3 inflammasome: a sensor for metabolic danger?, Science, 327, 296, 10.1126/science.1184003

Koenen, 2011, Hyperglycemia activates caspase-1 and TXNIP-mediated IL-1beta transcription in human adipose tissue, Diabetes, 60, 517, 10.2337/db10-0266

Westermark, 2011, Islet amyloid polypeptide, islet amyloid, and diabetes mellitus, Physiological Reviews, 91, 795, 10.1152/physrev.00042.2009

Zraika, 2009, Oxidative stress is induced by islet amyloid formation and time-dependently mediates amyloid-induced beta cell apoptosis, Diabetologia, 52, 626, 10.1007/s00125-008-1255-x

Wen, 2012, A role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in metabolic diseases − Did Warburg miss inflammation?, Nature Immunology, 13, 352, 10.1038/ni.2228

Lusis, 2000, Atherosclerosis, Nature, 407, 233, 10.1038/35025203

Fuster, 2011, Global cardiovascular health: urgent need for an intersectoral approach, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 58, 1208, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.05.038

Reddy, 2002, Cardiovascular diseases in the developing countries: dimensions, determinants, dynamics and directions for public health action, Public Health Nutrition, 5, 231, 10.1079/PHN2001298

Földes, 2010, Innate immunity in human embryonic stem cells: comparison with adult human endothelial cells, PLOS One, 5, e10501, 10.1371/journal.pone.0010501

Schultz, 2007, Endogenous interleukin-1alpha promotes a proliferative and proinflammatory phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells, American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 292, H2927, 10.1152/ajpheart.00700.2006

Garg, 2011, Inflammasomes in cardiovascular diseases, American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease, 1, 244

Hirao, 2009, Roles of TLR2, TLR4, NOD2, and NOD1 in pulp fibroblasts, Journal of Dental Research, 88, 762, 10.1177/0022034509341779

Boyd, 2006, Toll-like receptor stimulation in cardiomyoctes decreases contractility and initiates an NF-kappaB dependent inflammatory response, Cardiovascular Research, 72, 384, 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.09.011

Kearney, 2005, Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data, Lancet, 365, 217, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70151-3

Russo, 1998, Anti-oxidant status and lipid peroxidation in patients with essential hypertension, Journal of Hypertension, 16, 1267, 10.1097/00004872-199816090-00007

Berry, 2001, Oxidative stress and vascular damage in hypertension, Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 10, 247, 10.1097/00041552-200103000-00014

Romero, 1999, State-of-the-art lecture. Role of angiotensin and oxidative stress in essential hypertension, Hypertension, 34, 943, 10.1161/01.HYP.34.4.943

Wilcox, 2002, Reactive oxygen species: roles in blood pressure and kidney function, Current Hypertension Reports, 4, 160, 10.1007/s11906-002-0041-2

Intengan, 2001, Vascular remodeling in hypertension: roles of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, Hypertension, 38, 581, 10.1161/hy09t1.096249

Rodríguez-Iturbe, 2004, Oxidative stress, renal infiltration of immune cells, and salt-sensitive hypertension: all for one and one for all, American Journal of Physiology – Renal Physiology, 286, F606, 10.1152/ajprenal.00269.2003

Moreno, 2003, Preliminary characterisation of the promoter of the human p22(phox) gene: identification of a new polymorphism associated with hypertension, FEBS Letters, 542, 27, 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00331-4

Sela, 2004, Primed polymorphonuclear leukocytes, oxidative stress, and inflammation antecede hypertension in the Sabra rat, Hypertension, 44, 764, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000144480.10207.34

Scrivo, 2011, Inflammation as “common soil” of the multifactorial diseases, Autoimmunity Reviews, 10, 369, 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.12.006

Omi, 2006, An intronic variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms of the cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome 1 (CIAS1) gene modifies gene expression and is associated with essential hypertension, European Journal of Human Genetics, 14, 1295, 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201698

Levy, 2012, Fibrinogen and hemostasis: a primary hemostatic target for the management of acquired bleeding, Anesthesia & Analgesia, 114, 261, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31822e1853

Wassel, 2011, Association of genomic loci from a cardiovascular gene SNP array with fibrinogen levels in European Americans and African-Americans from six cohort studies: the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe), Blood, 117, 268, 10.1182/blood-2010-06-289546

Pomerantz, 2001, Inhibition of caspase 1 reduces human myocardial ischemic dysfunction via inhibition of IL-18 and IL-1beta, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 2871, 10.1073/pnas.041611398

Kawaguchi, 2011, Inflammasome activation of cardiac fibroblasts is essential for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, Circulation, 123, 594, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.982777

Shigeoka, 2010, An inflammasome-independent role for epithelial-expressed Nlrp3 in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury, Journal of Immunology, 185, 6277, 10.4049/jimmunol.1002330

Zhu, 2011, Gene silencing of NALP3 protects against liver ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice, Human Gene Therapy, 22, 853, 10.1089/hum.2010.145

Libby, 2002, Inflammation in atherosclerosis, Nature, 420, 868, 10.1038/nature01323

Madamanchi, 2005, Oxidative stress and vascular disease, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 25, 29, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000150649.39934.13

Hansson, 2006, The immune response in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword, Nature Reviews Immunology, 6, 508, 10.1038/nri1882

Libby, 2002, Atherosclerosis: the new view, Scientific American, 286, 46, 10.1038/scientificamerican0502-46

Virchow, 1858, Cellular pathology. As based upon physiological and pathological histology. lecture XVI − atheromatous affection of arteries, Nutrition Reviews, 1989, 23

Ross, 1999, Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, American Heart Journal, 138, S419, 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70266-8

Small, 1988, George Lyman Duff memorial lecture. Progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Insights from lipid physical biochemistry, Arteriosclerosis, 8, 103, 10.1161/01.ATV.8.2.103

Libby, 2010, Inflammation in atherosclerosis: transition from theory to practice, Circulation Journal, 74, 213, 10.1253/circj.CJ-09-0706

Van Leuven, 2008, Systemic inflammation as a risk factor for atherothrombosis, Rheumatology (Oxford), 47, 3, 10.1093/rheumatology/kem202

Steinberg, 1997, Low density lipoprotein oxidation and its pathobiological significance, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272, 20963, 10.1074/jbc.272.34.20963

Berliner, 2005, A role for oxidized phospholipids in atherosclerosis, New England Journal of Medicine, 353, 9, 10.1056/NEJMp058118

Bochkov, 2010, Generation and biological activities of oxidized phospholipids, Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 12, 1009, 10.1089/ars.2009.2597

Vora, 1997, Induction of p-selectin by oxidized lipoproteins. separate effects on synthesis and surface expression, Circulation Research, 80, 810, 10.1161/01.RES.80.6.810

Binder, 2002, Innate and acquired immunity in atherogenesis, Nature Medicine, 8, 1218, 10.1038/nm1102-1218

Hansson, 2005, Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 1685, 10.1056/NEJMra043430

Bogren, 1963, An x-ray-diffraction study of crystalline cholesterol in some pathological deposits in man, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 75, 65, 10.1016/0006-3002(63)90580-8

Klinkner, 1995, Evidence of foam cell and cholesterol crystal formation in macrophages incubated with oxidized LDL by fluorescence and electron microscopy, Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 43, 1071, 10.1177/43.10.7560885

Tangirala, 1994, Formation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals in macrophage-derived foam cells, Journal of Lipid Research, 35, 93, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)40131-2

Rajamäki, 2010, Cholesterol crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages: a novel link between cholesterol metabolism and inflammation, PLOS One, 5, e11765, 10.1371/journal.pone.0011765

Blankenberg, 2002, Interleukin-18 is a strong predictor of cardiovascular death in stable and unstable angina, Circulation, 106, 24, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000020546.30940.92

Mallat, 2001, Expression of interleukin-18 in human atherosclerotic plaques and relation to plaque instability, Circulation, 104, 1598, 10.1161/hc3901.096721

Galea, 1996, Interleukin-1beta in coronary arteries of patients with ischemic heart disease, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 16, 1000, 10.1161/01.ATV.16.8.1000

Moyer, 1991, Synthesis of IL-1 alpha and IL-1beta by arterial cells in atherosclerosis, American Journal of Pathology, 138, 951

Duewell, 2010, NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals, Nature, 464, 1357, 10.1038/nature08938

Suzuki, 1997, A role for macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis and susceptibility to infection, Nature, 386, 292, 10.1038/386292a0

Febbraio, 2000, Targeted disruption of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 protects against atherosclerotic lesion development in mice, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 105, 1049, 10.1172/JCI9259

Björkbacka, 2004, Reduced atherosclerosis in MyD88-null mice links elevated serum cholesterol levels to activation of innate immunity signaling pathways, Nature Medicine, 10, 416, 10.1038/nm1008

Michelsen, 2004, Lack of Toll-like receptor 4 or myeloid differentiation factor 88 reduces atherosclerosis and alters plaque phenotype in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 10679, 10.1073/pnas.0403249101

Tschopp, 2010, NLRP3 inflammasome activation: the convergence of multiple signalling pathways on ROS production?, Nature Reviews Immunology, 10, 210, 10.1038/nri2725

Latz, 2010, The inflammasomes: mechanisms of activation and function, Current Opinion in Immunology, 22, 28, 10.1016/j.coi.2009.12.004

Song, 2014, Mangiferin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated thioredoxin-interacting protein/NLRP3 inflammasome activation with regulation of AMPK in endothelial cells, Metabolism

Mohamed, 2014, Thioredoxin-interacting protein is required for endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death in a rat model of high-fat diet, Diabetologia, 57, 413, 10.1007/s00125-013-3101-z

Wu, 2014, Quercetin, luteolin and epigallocatechin gallate alleviate TXNIP and NLRP3-mediated inflammation and apoptosis with regulation of AMPK in endothelial cells, European Journal of Pharmacology, 745, 59, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.046

Menu, 2011, Atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice progresses independently of the NLRP3 inflammasome, Cell Death & Disease, 2, e137, 10.1038/cddis.2011.18

Kirii, 2003, Lack of interleukin-1beta decreases the severity of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 23, 656, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000064374.15232.C3

Elhage, 2003, Reduced atherosclerosis in interleukin-18 deficient apolipoprotein E-knockout mice, Cardiovascular Research, 59, 234, 10.1016/S0008-6363(03)00343-2

Whitman, 2002, Interleukin-18 enhances atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E(−/−) mice through release of interferon-gamma, Circulation Research, 90, E34, 10.1161/hh0202.105292

Kamari, 2007, Differential role and tissue specificity of interleukin-1alpha gene expression in atherogenesis and lipid metabolism, Atherosclerosis, 195, 31, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.11.026

Carruth, 1991, Involvement of a calpain-like protease in the processing of the murine interleukin 1alpha precursor, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 266, 12162, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98874-5

De Nardo, 2011, NLRP3 inflammasomes link inflammation and metabolic disease, Trends in Immunology, 32, 373, 10.1016/j.it.2011.05.004

Freigang, 2011, Nrf2 is essential for cholesterol crystal-induced inflammasome activation and exacerbation of atherosclerosis, European Journal of Immunology, 41, 2040, 10.1002/eji.201041316