PCR Đa mạch: Tối ưu hóa và Ứng dụng trong Vi sinh học Chẩn đoán

Clinical Microbiology Reviews - Tập 13 Số 4 - Trang 559-570 - 2000
Elfath M. Elnifro1, Ahmed Mohamed Ashshi1, Robert J. Cooper1, Paul E. Klapper2,1
1School of Medicine, The University of Manchester,1 and
2Clinical Virology, Central Manchester Healthcare Trust,2Manchester, United Kingdom

Tóm tắt

TÓM TẮT

PCR đã cách mạng hóa lĩnh vực chẩn đoán bệnh truyền nhiễm. Để khắc phục nhược điểm về chi phí và cải thiện khả năng chẩn đoán của phương pháp thử nghiệm, PCR đa mạch, một biến thể của thử nghiệm trong đó nhiều hơn một chuỗi mục tiêu được khuếch đại bằng cách sử dụng nhiều cặp mồi, đã được phát triển. Những nghiên cứu sớm đã chỉ ra những trở ngại có thể làm tổn hại đến việc sản xuất các thử nghiệm đa mạch nhạy cảm và cụ thể, nhưng những nghiên cứu gần đây đã cung cấp các quy trình hệ thống và cải tiến kỹ thuật cho việc thiết kế thử nghiệm đơn giản. Những tiến bộ hữu ích nhất trong số đó là việc lựa chọn mồi oligonucleotide một cách thực nghiệm và việc sử dụng phương pháp PCR khởi động nóng. Những tiến bộ này cùng với các phương pháp khác nhằm tăng cường độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu và tạo điều kiện cho tự động hóa đã dẫn đến sự xuất hiện của nhiều công bố liên quan đến ứng dụng của PCR đa mạch trong chẩn đoán các tác nhân truyền nhiễm, đặc biệt là các tác nhân nhắm vào axit nucleic virus. Bài báo này tổng hợp các nguyên tắc, tối ưu hóa và ứng dụng của PCR đa mạch trong việc phát hiện các virus có tầm quan trọng lâm sàng và dịch tễ học.

Từ khóa


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