Sự lắng đọng nhiều nguyên tố trong không khí ở Macedonia được nghiên cứu bằng kỹ thuật sinh chỉ thị rêu

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 22 - Trang 16077-16097 - 2015
Lambe Barandovski1, Marina V. Frontasyeva2, Trajče Stafilov3, Robert Šajn4, Tatyana M. Ostrovnaya2
1Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
2Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
3Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
4Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Tóm tắt

Kỹ thuật sinh chỉ thị rêu sử dụng các loài rêu Homolothecium lutescens (Hedw.) Robins và Hypnum cupressiforme (Hedw.) đã được áp dụng để nghiên cứu ô nhiễm không khí tại Cộng hòa Macedonia. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện trong khuôn khổ Chương trình Hợp tác Quốc tế về Tác động của Ô nhiễm Không khí đối với Thực vật Tự nhiên và Cây trồng dưới sự bảo trợ của Công ước của Liên Hợp Quốc về Ô nhiễm Không khí Vượt Biên giới Dài (LRTAP), Ủy ban Kinh tế cho Châu Âu (UNECE). Sự hiện diện của 47 nguyên tố đã được xác định bằng phân tích kích thích neutron épithermal, quang phổ hấp thụ nguyên tử và quang phổ phát xạ nguyên tử với plasma cảm ứng. Tính bình thường của các tập dữ liệu chứa nguyên tố đã được kiểm tra, và phép biến đổi Box-Cox được sử dụng nhằm đạt được phân phối bình thường của dữ liệu. Các nguồn ô nhiễm khác nhau đã được xác định và đặc trưng hóa bằng cách sử dụng phân tích thành phần chính (PCA). Các bản đồ phân phối đã được chuẩn bị để chỉ ra các khu vực bị ảnh hưởng nhiều nhất bởi ô nhiễm và để liên hệ điều này với các nguồn ô nhiễm đã biết. Các thành phố Veles, Skopje, Tetovo, Radoviš và Kavadarci được xác định là đang trải qua căng thẳng môi trường đặc biệt. Hơn nữa, ba mỏ chì-kẽm đã được tái hoạt động cũng cho thấy ảnh hưởng đến nồng độ chì và kẽm cao trong phần phía đông của đất nước. Tuy nhiên, so sánh với cuộc khảo sát rêu trước đó được thực hiện vào năm 2005 cho thấy một xu hướng giảm của các nguyên tố ô nhiễm thường liên quan đến khí thải từ hoạt động công nghiệp.

Từ khóa

#moss biomonitoring #air pollution #Republic of Macedonia #heavy metals #environmental stress

Tài liệu tham khảo

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