Membrane filtration of natural organic matter: initial comparison of rejection and flux decline characteristics with ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes

Adamson A.W. and Gast A.P. (1997) Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. Wiley-Interscience, New York

Aiken, 1992, Isolation of hydrophilic organic acids from water using nonionic macroporous resins, Org. Geochem., 18, 567, 10.1016/0146-6380(92)90119-I

Braghetta, 1997, Nanofiltration of natural organic matter: pH and ionic strength effects, J. Environ. Eng., 123, 628, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:7(628)

Chin, 1994, Molecular weight, polydispersity, and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substances, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 1853, 10.1021/es00060a015

Cussler E.L. (1984) Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Elimelich M. and Childress A. (1996) Zeta potential of reverse osmosis membranes: implications for membrane performance. Water Treatment Technology Program Report No. 10. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO

Field, 1995, Critical flux concept for microfiltration fouling, J. Membrane Sci., 100, 259, 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00265-Z

Fu, 1994, Selecting membranes for removing NOM and DBP precursors, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 86, 55, 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06286.x

Hong, 1997, Chemical and physical aspects of natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of nanofiltration membranes, J. Membrane Sci., 132, 159, 10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00060-4

Jucker, 1994, Adsorption of aquatic humic substances on hydrophobic ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membrane Sci., 97, 37, 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00146-P

Korshin, 1997, Monitoring the properties of natural organic matter through UV spectroscopy: a consistent theory, Water Res., 31, 1787, 10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00006-7

Laine, 1989, Effects of ultrafiltration membrane composition, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 11, 61, 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1989.tb03308.x

Leenher J.A. and Noyes T.I. (1984) A filtration and column adsorption system for on-site concentration and fractionation of organic substances from large volumes of water. U.S. Geological Water-Supply, Paper 2230

Mulder M. (1991) Basic Principles of Membrane Technology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London

Nilson, 1996, Influence of NOM composition on nanofiltration, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 88, 53, 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1996.tb06555.x

Porter, 1972, Concentration polarization with membrane ultrafiltration, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Devel., 11, 234, 10.1021/i360043a002

Taylor, 1987, Applying membrane processes to groundwater sources for trihalmethane precursor control, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 79, 72, 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02897.x

Thurman, 1981, Preparative isolation of aquatic humic substances, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15, 463, 10.1021/es00086a012