Load sensing and control of posture and locomotion

Arthropod Structure & Development - Tập 33 Số 3 - Trang 273-286 - 2004
Sasha N. Zill1, Josef Schmitz, Ansgar Büschges
1Department of Anatomy, Cell and Neurobiology, J.C. Edwards' School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25704, USA.

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Akay, 2001, The role of sensory signals from the insect coxa-trochanteral joint in controlling motor activity of the femur-tibia joint, Journal of Neurophysiology, 85, 594, 10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.594

Akay, 2003

Akay, 2004, Signals from load sensors underlie interjoint coordination during stepping movements of the stick insect leg, Journal of Neurophysiology, 92, 42, 10.1152/jn.01271.2003

Alexander, 1988

Bartling, 2000, Reaction to disturbances of a walking leg during stance, Journal of Experimental Biology, 203, 1211, 10.1242/jeb.203.7.1211

Bässler, 1977, Sense organs in the femur of the stick insect and their relevance to the control of position of the femur-tibia-joint, Journal of Comparative Physiology, 121, 99, 10.1007/BF00614183

Bässler, 1986, Afferent control of walking movements in the stick insect Cuniculina impigra, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 158, 351, 10.1007/BF00603619

Bässler, 1998, Pattern generation for stick insect walking movements–multisensory control of a locomotor program, Brain Research Reviews, 27, 65, 10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00006-X

Bässler, 1983, Motor output of the denervated thoracic ventral nerve cord in the stick insect Carausius morosus, Journal of Experimental Biology, 105, 127, 10.1242/jeb.105.1.127

Burrows, 1996

Burrows, 1993, Synaptic potentials in the central terminals of locust proprioceptive afferents generated by other afferents from the same sense organ, Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 808, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-02-00808.1993

Büschges, 1998, Sensory pathways and their modulation in the control of locomotion, Current Opinions in Neurobiology, 8, 733, 10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80115-3

Büschges, 1991, Nonspiking pathways antagonize the resistance reflex in the thoraco-coxal joint of stick insects, Journal of Neurobiology, 22, 224, 10.1002/neu.480220303

Büschges, 1995, Rhythmic patterns in the thoracic nerve cord of the stick insect induced by pilocarpine, Journal of Experimental Biology, 198, 435, 10.1242/jeb.198.2.435

Carlson, 1998, Forms of forward quadrupedal locomotion. II. A comparison of posture, hindlimb kinematics, and motor patterns for upslope and level walking, Journal of Neurophysiology, 79, 1687, 10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.1687

Cocatre-Zilgien, 1999, Modeling stress and strain in an insect leg for simulation of campaniform sensilla responses to external forces, Biological Cybernetics, 81, 149, 10.1007/s004220050551

Cruse, 1985, Which parameters control leg movement of a walking leg? II. The start of swing phase, Journal of Experimental Biology, 116, 357, 10.1242/jeb.116.1.357

Dean, 1991, Effect of load on leg movement and step coordination of the stick insect Carausius morosus, Journal of Experimental Biology, 159, 449, 10.1242/jeb.159.1.449

Delcomyn, 1990, Perturbation of the motor system in freely walking cockroaches. I. Rear leg amputation and the timing of motor activity in leg muscles, Journal of Experimental Biology, 156, 483, 10.1242/jeb.156.1.483

Delcomyn, 1991, Activity and directional sensitivity of leg campaniform sensilla in a stick insect, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 168, 113, 10.1007/BF00217109

Duch, 1995, Motor patterns for horizontal and upside down walking and vertical climbing in the locust, Journal of Experimental Biology, 198, 1963, 10.1242/jeb.198.9.1963

Dürr, 2003, Graded limb targeting in an insect is cause by the shift of a single movement pattern, Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 1754, 10.1152/jn.00416.2003

Duysens, 2000, Load regulating mechanisms in gait and posture, comparative aspects, Physiological Reviews, 80, 83, 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.1.83

Fischer, 2001, Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg, 1. Intra- and interjoint coordination of motor activity in a single middle leg preparation, Journal of Neurophysiology, 85, 341, 10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.341

Flannigan, W.C., 1998. Finite element modeling of arthropod exoskeleton, Master's Thesis, Case Western Reserve University.

Fouad, 2002, Comparative locomotor systems, vol. 3, 109

Gabriel, 2003, Control of flexor motoneuron activity during single leg walking of the stick insect on an electronically controlled treadwheel, Journal of Neurobiology, 56, 237, 10.1002/neu.10237

Graham, 1985, Pattern and control of walking in insects, Advances in Insect Physiology, 18, 31, 10.1016/S0065-2806(08)60039-9

Graham, 1981, The reflex behavior and innervation of the tergo-coxal retractor muscles of the stick insect Carausius morosus, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 143, 81, 10.1007/BF00606071

Guthrie, 1967, Multipolar stretch receptors and the insect leg reflex, Journal of Insect Physiology, 13, 1637, 10.1016/0022-1910(67)90159-X

Hofmann, 1982, Anatomy and physiology of trochanteral campaniform sensilla in the stick insect, Cuniculina impigra, Physiological Entomology, 7, 413, 10.1111/j.1365-3032.1982.tb00317.x

Holtje, 2003, Rapid mechano-sensory pathways code leg impact and elicit very rapid reflexes in insects, Journal of Experimental Biology, 206, 2715, 10.1242/jeb.00492

Hustert, 1981, Distribution and specific central projections of mechanoreceptors in the thorax and proximal leg joints of locusts. III. External mechanoreceptors: the campaniform sensilla, Cell Tissue Research, 216, 97, 10.1007/BF00234547

Iles, 1971, Coxal depressor muscles of the cockroach and the role of peripheral inhibition, Journal of Experimental Biology, 55, 131, 10.1242/jeb.55.1.151

Jacobs, 1996, Two functional muscle groupings during postural equilibrium tasks in standing cats, Journal of Neurophysiology, 764, 2402, 10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2402

Kaliyamoorthy, 2001, Finite Element Analysis of strains in the Blaberus cockroach leg segment while climbing, Intelligent Robots and Systems IEEE/RSJ Proceedings, vol. 2, 833, 10.1109/IROS.2001.976272

Kargo, 2000, Rapid correction of aimed movements by summation of force-field primitives, Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 409, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00409.2000

Kemmerling, 1981, Regulation of the body-substrate-distance in the stick insect, responses to sinusoidal stimulation, Biological Cybernetics, 39, 129, 10.1007/BF00336739

Kendall, 1970, The anatomy of the tarsi of Schistocerca gregoria Forskål, Zeitschrift Zellforschung, 109, 112, 10.1007/BF00364935

Kram, 1996, Inexpensive load carrying by rhinoceros beetles, Journal of Experimental Biology, 199, 609, 10.1242/jeb.199.3.609

Krämer, 1978, Flight inhibition on ground contact in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. I. Contact receptors and a model for their central connections, Journal of Insect Physiology, 24, 577, 10.1016/0022-1910(78)90120-8

Larsen, 1995, Effects of load inversion in cockroach walking, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 176, 229, 10.1007/BF00239925

Marchand, 1995, Morphology, physiology and in vivo activity of cuticular stress detector afferents in crayfish, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 176, 404, 10.1007/BF00219066

Matheson, 1995, An elaborate tension receptor system highlights sensory complexity in the hindleg of the locust, Journal of Experimental Biology, 198, 1673, 10.1242/jeb.198.8.1673

Newland, 1996, The central connection and actions during walking of tibial campaniform sensilla in the locust, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 178, 749, 10.1007/BF00225823

Noah, 2001, Force receptors in cockroach walking reconsidered, discharges of proximal tibial campaniform sensilla when body load is altered, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 187, 769, 10.1007/s00359-001-0247-9

Noah, 2004, Sensing the effect of body load in legs, responses of tibial campaniform sensilla to forces applied to the thorax in freely standing cockroaches, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 190, 201, 10.1007/s00359-003-0487-y

Pearson, 1972, Central programming and reflex control of walking in the cockroach, Journal of Experimental Biology, 56, 173, 10.1242/jeb.56.1.173

Pearson, 1993, Common principles of motor control in vertebrates and invertebrates, Annual Reviews in Neuroscience, 16, 265, 10.1146/annurev.ne.16.030193.001405

Pearson, 2000, Locomotion, 737

Petryszak, 1994, External proprioceptors on the legs of insects of higher orders, Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, 36, 13

Pratt, 1995, Evidence of positive force feedback among hindlimb extensors in the intact standing cat, Journal of Neurophysiology, 73, 2578, 10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2578

Pringle, 1938, Proprioception in insects. II. The action of the campaniform sensilla on the legs, Journal of Experimental Biology, 15, 114, 10.1242/jeb.15.1.114

Pringle, 1940, Reflex mechanism of the insect leg, Journal of Experimental Biology, 17, 8, 10.1242/jeb.17.1.8

Prochazka, 1996, Proprioceptive Feedback and Equilibrium, Handbook of Physiology. Sec. 12, 89

Ridgel, 1999, Active signaling of leg loading and unloading in the cockroach, Journal of Neurophysiology, 81, 1432, 10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1432

Ridgel, 2000, Encoding of forces by cockroach tibial campaniform sensilla, implications in dynamic control of posture and locomotion, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 186, 359, 10.1007/s003590050436

Ridgel, 2001, Dynamic responses of tibial campaniform sensilla studied by substrate displacement in freely moving cockroaches, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 187, 405, 10.1007/s003590100213

Roberts, 1997, Muscular force in running turkeys, the economy of minimizing work, Science, 275, 1113, 10.1126/science.275.5303.1113

Rudomin, 1990, Presynaptic control of synaptic effectiveness of muscle spindle and tendon organ afferents in the mammalian spinal cord, 349

Sauer, 1997, The role of presynaptic afferent inhibition in tuning sensorimotor pathways of an insect joint-control network, Journal of Neurobiology, 32, 359, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(199704)32:4<359::AID-NEU1>3.0.CO;2-5

Schmitz, 1993, Load-compensating reactions in the proximal leg joints of stick insects during standing and walking, Journal of Experimental Biology, 183, 15, 10.1242/jeb.183.1.15

Schmitz, 2000, Convergence of load and movement information onto leg motoneurons in insects, Journal of Neurobiology, 42, 424, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(200003)42:4<424::AID-NEU4>3.0.CO;2-0

Schmitz, 1991, Central projections of leg sense organs in Carausius morosus (Insecta Phasmida), Zoomorphology, 111, 19, 10.1007/BF01632707

Seyfarth, 1994, Intracellular characterization of identified sensory cells in a new spider mechanoreceptor preparation, Journal of Neurophysiology, 71, 1422, 10.1152/jn.1994.71.4.1422

Spinola, 1975, Proprioceptive indentation of the campaniform sensilla of cockroach legs, Journal of Comparative Physiology, 96, 257, 10.1007/BF00612698

Stein, 1999, Multimodal convergence of presynaptic afferent inhibition in insect proprioceptors, Journal of Neurophysiology, 82, 512, 10.1152/jn.1999.82.1.512

Stephens, 1999, Loading during the stance phase of walking in humans increases the extensor EMG amplitude but does not change the duration of the step cycle, Experimental Brain Research, 124, 363, 10.1007/s002210050633

Tang, 1986, The effects of sensory manipulation upon interlimb coordination during fast walking in the cockroach, Journal of Experimental Biology, 125, 107, 10.1242/jeb.125.1.107

Watson, 2002, Control of climbing behavior in the cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis. II. Motor activities associated with joint movement, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 188, 55, 10.1007/s00359-002-0278-x

Wendler, 1966, vol. 20

Zill, 1990, Mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors, vol. 2, 247

Zill, 1993, Mechanisms of load compensation in insects, swaying and stepping strategies in posture and locomotion, 43

Zill, 1981, The exoskeleton and insect proprioception. I. Responses of tibial campaniform sensilla to external and muscle regenerated forces in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, Journal of Experimental Biology, 91, 1, 10.1242/jeb.91.1.1

Zill, 1981, The exoskeleton and insect proprioception. III. Activity of tibial campaniform sensilla during walking in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana, Journal of Experimental Biology, 94, 57, 10.1242/jeb.94.1.57

Zill, 1990, Responses of locusts in a paradigm which tests postural load compensatory reactions, Brain Research, 535, 1, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91816-Y

Zill, 1981, The exoskeleton and insect proprioception. II. Activity of tibial campaniform sensilla in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana, Journal of Experimental Biology, 94, 43, 10.1242/jeb.94.1.43

Zill, 1992, Characteristics of dynamic postural reactions in the locust hindleg, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 170, 761, 10.1007/BF00198987

Zollikofer, 1994, Stepping patterns in ants. III. Influence of load, Journal of Experimental Biology, 192, 119, 10.1242/jeb.192.1.119