Levels, Distributions and Health Risk Assessment of Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic Found in Drinking Groundwater of Dehgolan’s Villages, Iran

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 11 - Trang 54-62 - 2019
Hadi Rezaei1, Ahmad Zarei2, Bahram Kamarehie3, Ali Jafari3, Yadolah Fakhri4, Farzam Bidarpoor5, Mohammad Amin Karami3, Mansoureh Farhang2, Mansour Ghaderpoori3, Hossein Sadeghi6, Naseh Shalyari7
1Health Network of Sanandaj, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad, Iran
4Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5Deputy of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
6Health Network of Dehgolan, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
7Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Tóm tắt

Water contamination by heavy metals has become a serious environmental issue due to its serious threat to human health. The current research was conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations in drinking groundwater samples in villages of Dehgolan, western Iran and to ascertain the potential health risk in terms of estimated non-carcinogenic risks by hazard quotient and hazard index and carcinogenic risk to the residents living in these areas from exposure to the metals via drinking water ingestion and skin contact routes. Health risks were conducted for resident adults based on the USEPA health risk assessment guidelines. The mean values of Pb, Cd, and As in the groundwater samples were 0.0026 mg/L (ranging from 0.0020–0.0030 mg/L), 0.0009 mg/L (ranging from 0.0007–0.0010 mg/L), and 0.0068 mg/L (ranging from 0.0011–0.0360 mg/L), respectively. Compared to the WHO drinking water guidelines for Pb, Cd and As, virtually all the trace elements in the drinking water of villages in the present study could meet the requirements of the regulation except As in some villages. The results of the study obtained in all cases demonstrated that the non-carcinogenic risk was below the safe limit. The calculated carcinogenic risk for adults obtained was all lower than USEPA’s acceptable cancer risk range of 1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−6, suggesting no potential carcinogenic risk from drinking water consumption.

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