LARGE AREA HYDROLOGIC MODELING AND ASSESSMENT PART I: MODEL DEVELOPMENT1

Journal of the American Water Resources Association - Tập 34 Số 1 - Trang 73-89 - 1998
J. G. Arnold, Raghavan Srinivasan, R. S. Muttiah, J. R. Williams

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACT: A conceptual, continuous time model called SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was developed to assist water resource managers in assessing the impact of management on water supplies and nonpoint source pollution in watersheds and large river basins. The model is currently being utilized in several large area projects by EPA, NOAA, NRCS and others to estimate the off‐site impacts of climate and management on water use, non‐point source loadings, and pesticide contamination. Model development, operation, limitations, and assumptions are discussed and components of the model are described. In Part II, a GIS input/output interface is presented along with model validation on three basins within the Upper Trinity basin in Texas.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1016/0022-1694(86)90114-9

10.1016/0022-1694(86)90115-0

10.1016/0022-1694(93)90004-S

Arnold J. G., 1996, Continental Scale Simulation of the Hydrologic Balance

10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1991)117:3(408)

Arnold J. G., 1995, Continuous‐Time Water and Sediment Routing Model for Large Basins, ASCE J. of Hydr. Engr, 121

Arnold J. G., 1990, SWRRB: A Basin Scale Simulation Model for Soil and Water Resources Management

10.1029/WR013i002p00303

10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1195:DMOTSD>2.0.CO;2

10.13031/2013.34692

Beven K. J., 1979, A Physically‐Based Variable Contributing Area Model of Basin Hydrology Hydrol, Sci. Bull., 24, 43

Beven K. J., 1987, The Institute of Hydrology Distributed Model (HDM)

10.1016/0022-1694(84)90159-8

10.1029/WR025i006p01219

Burnash R. J. C. R. L.Ferral andR. A.McGuire 1973.A General Streamflow Simulation System — Conceptual Modeling for Digital Computers. Report by the Joint Federal State River Forecasts Center Sacramento California.

Chapra S. C., 1989, Water Quality Modeling of Toxic Organics in Lakes

Crawford N. H., 1966, Digital Simulation in Hydrology: The Stanford Watershed Model IV

10.13031/2013.26773

Hydrologic Engineering Center, 1981, Flood Hydrograph Package ‐ Users Manual

Jam S. K., 1992, Application of the SHE to Catchments in India. Part 2. Field Experiments and Simulation Studies with the SHE on the Kolar Subcatchment of the Narmada River, Journal of Hydrology, 140, 25

10.1016/0022-1694(95)02986-9

Johansen N. B., 1984, Hydrological Simulation Program‐Fortran (HSPF): User's Manual

Jones C. A., 1985, C‐4 Grasses and Cereals, 419

Knisel W. G., 1980, CREAMS, A Field Scale Model for Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems

Lane L. J., 1982, Distributed Model for Small Semi‐Arid Watersheds, ASCE J. Hydr. Div, 108, 1114, 10.1061/JYCEAJ.0005910

Laurenson E. M., 1983, RORB‐Version 3: Runoff Routing Program — User Manual

10.13031/2013.30578

McElroy A. D. S. Y.Chiu J. W.Nebgen A.Aletic andR. W.Bennett 1976.Loading Functions for Assessment of Water Pollution from Nonpoint Sources. Environ. Protection Tech. Serv. EPA 600/2‐76‐151.

Monsi M., 1953, Uber den Lictfaktor in den Pflanzengesellschaften und sein Bedeutung fur die Stoffproduktion, Japan J. Bot., 14, 22

10.1098/rstb.1977.0140

10.1098/rstb.1977.0140

10.1029/WR017i005p01367

Nicks A. D., 1974, Proc. Symp. Statistical Hydrology, 154

10.1029/WR023i010p01837

10.1175/1520-0493(1972)100<0081:OTAOSH>2.3.CO;2

Ramanarayanan T. S., 1996, Proc. Third Intl. Conf. on Integrating Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Modeling

10.1029/WR008i005p01204

Rockwood D. M., 1972, User Manual for COSSARR Model

Singh V. P., 1989, Watershed Modeling

Singh V. P., 1995, Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology, 1

Sloan P. G., 1983, Modeling Surface and Subsurface Stormflow on Steeply‐Sloping Forested Watersheds

Srinivasan R., 1993, Hydrologic Unit Model of the United States (HUMUS), 451

Stefan H. G., 1993, Stream Temperature Estimation from Air Temperature, Water Resources Bulletin, 30, 453

Sugawara M., 1976, Tank Model and Its Application to Bird Creek, Wollombi Brook, Bihin River, Sanaga River, and Nam Mune

Thormann R. V., 1987, Principles of Surface Water Quality Modeling and Control

10.1016/S0022-1694(96)80016-3

T.J.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service 1972.National Engineering Handbook Hydrology Section 4 Chapters 4–10.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service 1983.National Engineering Handbook Hydrology Section 4 Chapter 19.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service 1986.Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds. Tech. Release 55.

10.13031/2013.38772

10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb02497.x

10.13031/2013.35710

Williams J. R., 1973, Problem‐Oriented Language for Hydrologic Modeling — User's Manual

Williams J. R., 1978, Optimal Operation of Large Agricultural Watersheds with Water Quality Constraints

10.13031/2013.32748

Wischmeier W. H., 1978, Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conservation Planning

Young R. A. C. A.Onstad D. D.Bosch andW. R.Anderson 1987.AGNPS Agricultural Non‐Point Source Pollutin Model. A Watershed Analysis Tool. USDA Conservation Research Report 35.

Zhao R. J., 1984, Watershed Hydrological Modelling