Isokinetic neck strength profile of senior elite rugby union players

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport - Tập 11 - Trang 96-105 - 2008
Pierre E. Olivier1, David E. Du Toit1
1Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Department of Human Movement Science, South Africa

Tài liệu tham khảo

Cantu, 1995, Head and spine injuries in youth sports, Clin Sports Med, 14, 517, 10.1016/S0278-5919(20)30206-4 Maroon, 1996, Athletes with cervical spine injury, Spine, 21, 2294, 10.1097/00007632-199610010-00025 Armour, 1997, Spinal injuries in New Zealand rugby union and rugby league—a twenty year survey, NZ Med J, 110, 462 Rotem, 1998, Severe cervical cord injuries related to rugby union and league football in New South Wales, 1984–1996, Med J Aust, 168, 379, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb138989.x Scher, 1998, Rugby injuries to the cervical spine and spinal cord: a 10-year review, Clin Sports Med, 17, 195, 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70073-9 Noakes, 1999, An apparent reduction in the incidence and severity of spinal cord injuries in schoolboy rugby players in the Western Cape since 1990, SA Med J, 89, 540 Secin, 1999, Disabling injuries of the cervical spine in Argentine rugby over the last 20 years, Br J Sports Med, 33, 33, 10.1136/bjsm.33.1.33 Bottini, 2000, Incidence and nature of the most common rugby injuries sustained in Argentina (1991–1997), Br J Sports Med, 34, 94, 10.1136/bjsm.34.2.94 Proctor, 2000, Head and neck injuries in young athletes, Clin Sports Med, 19, 693, 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70233-7 Quarrie, 2002, Rugby union injuries to the cervical spine and spinal cord, Sports Med, 32, 633, 10.2165/00007256-200232100-00003 2003, Spinal cord injuries in Australian footballers, ANZ J Surg, 73, 493, 10.1046/j.1445-1433.2003.02664.x Carmody, 2005, Spinal cord injuries in Australian footballers, 1997–2002, Med J Aust, 182, 561, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06814.x Silver, 2002, The impact of the 21st century on rugby injuries, Spinal Cord, 40, 552, 10.1038/sj.sc.3101349 Hughes M, Blunt R. Work-rate of rugby union referees. In: Hughes M, Tavares F, editors. Proceedings of the IVth world congress of notational analysis of sport. Porto: Centre for Team Sport Studies, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education; 1998. p. 184–90. Quarrie, 1996, The New Zealand rugby injury and performance project IV: anthropometrical and physical performance comparisons between positional categories of senior A rugby players, Br J Sports Med, 30, 53, 10.1136/bjsm.30.1.53 Duthie, 2005, Time motion analysis of 2001 and 2002 super 12 rugby, J Sports Sci, 23, 523, 10.1080/02640410410001730188 Kew, 1991, A retrospective study of spinal cord injury in Cape Province rugby players, 1963–1989, SA Med J, 80, 127 Williams, 2002, Editorial: rugby union, Spinal Cord, 40, 669, 10.1038/sj.sc.3101431 Wetzler, 1996, A retrospective study of cervical spine injuries in American rugby, 1970–1994, Am J Sports Med, 24, 454, 10.1177/036354659602400408 Morganti, 2003, Recommendations for return to sports following cervical spine injuries, Sports Med, 33, 563, 10.2165/00007256-200333080-00002 Du Toit DE. The kinetics of rugby scrumming and the neck's force capabilities as a cause of cervical spinal injuries. DPhil dissertation. Port Elizabeth: University of Port Elizabeth; 1993. Milburn, 1993, Biomechanics of rugby union scrummaging, technical and safety issues, Sports Med, 16, 168, 10.2165/00007256-199316030-00002 Dietzen, 1999, Rugby football, Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 10, 159, 10.1016/S1047-9651(18)30221-3 Du Toit, 2003, Isokinetic evaluation of neck strength, SA J Sports Med, 15, 3, 10.17159/2078-516X/2003/v15i3a221 Highland, 1992, Changes of isometric strength and range of motion of the isolated cervical spine after eight weeks of clinical rehabilitation, Spine, 17, 77, 10.1097/00007632-199206001-00003 Jordan, 1998, Intensive training, physiotherapy, or manipulation for patients with chronic neck pain: a prospective, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial, Spine, 23, 311, 10.1097/00007632-199802010-00005 Randløv, 1998, Intensive dynamic training for females with chronic neck/shoulder pain, a randomized controlled trial, Clin Rehabil, 12, 200, 10.1191/026921598666881319 Bronfort, 2001, A randomized clinical trial of exercise and spinal manipulation for patients with chronic neck pain, Spine, 26, 788, 10.1097/00007632-200104010-00020 Sarig-Bahat, 2003, Evidence for exercise therapy in mechanical neck disorders, Man Ther, 8, 10, 10.1054/math.2002.0480 Ylinen, 2003, Active neck muscle training in the treatment of chronic neck pain in women, a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 289, 2509, 10.1001/jama.289.19.2509 Chiu, 2004, A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of exercise for patients with chronic neck pain, Spine, 30, E1, 10.1097/01.brs.0000149082.68262.b1 Quarrie, 2000, Force production in the rugby union scrum, J Sports Sci, 18, 237, 10.1080/026404100364974 Reilly, 1997, The physiology of rugby union football, Biol Sport, 14, 83 Duthie, 2003, Applied physiology and game analysis of rugby union, Sports Med, 33, 973, 10.2165/00007256-200333130-00003 Milburn, 1990, The kinetics of rugby union scrummaging, J Sports Sci, 8, 47, 10.1080/02640419008732130 Calcinia, 1992, Cervical spine injuries, NZ J Sports Med, 20, 14 Du Toit, 2005, Isokinetic neck strength norms for schoolboy rugby union forwards, SA J Sports Med, 17, 19, 10.17159/2078-516X/2005/v17i1a175 Norton, 1996, Measurement techniques in anthropometry, 27 Du Toit, 2004, Kinetics of rugby scrumming in under 19 schoolboy rugby forwards, SA J Res Sport Physical Educ Recreat, 26, 33 Du Toit, 1999, The effect of leg and back strength training of front row players in rugby scrumming on force application and the direction of force application during the tight scrum, SA J Sports Med, Suppl. 1, 24 Wolfenberger, 2002, A comparison of methods of evaluating cervical range of motion, J Manip Physiol Ther, 25, 154, 10.1067/mmt.2002.122327 Vernon, 1992, Evaluation of neck muscle strength with a modified sphygmomanometer dynamometer: reliability and validity, J Manip Physiol Ther, 15, 343 Jordan, 1997, A comparison of physical characteristics between patients seeking treatment for neck pain and age-matched healthy people, J Manip Physiol Ther, 20, 468 Jordan, 1999, Maximal isometric strength of the cervical musculature in 100 healthy volunteers, Spine, 24, 1343, 10.1097/00007632-199907010-00012 Garcés, 2002, Normative database of isometric cervical strength in a healthy population, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, 464