Intervention strategies for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury

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Hagberg, 1996, Enhanced expression of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 messenger RNA and bioactive protein after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats, Pediatr Res., 40, 603, 10.1203/00006450-199610000-00015

Bona, 1999, Chemokine and inflammatory cell response to hypoxia-ischemia in immature rats, Pediatr Res., 45, 500, 10.1203/00006450-199904010-00008

Eklind, 2001, Bacterial endotoxin sensitizes the immature brain to hypoxic-ischaemic injury, Eur J Neurosci., 13, 1101, 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01474.x

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Loddick, 1998, Cerebral interleukin-6 is neuroprotective during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab., 18, 176, 10.1097/00004647-199802000-00008

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Edwards, 1996, Apoptosis in perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic cerebral damage, Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol., 22, 494, 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1996.tb01122.x

Perlman, 1996, Can asphyxiated infants at risk for neonatal seizures be rapidly identified by cur rent high-risk markers?, Pediatrics, 97, 456, 10.1542/peds.97.4.456

Hellstrom-Westas, 1995, Predictive value of early continuous amplitude inte grated EEG recordings on outcome after severe birth asphyxia in full term infants, Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed., 72, F34, 10.1136/fn.72.1.F34

al Naqeeb, 1999, Assessment of neonatal encephalopathy by amplitude integrated electroencephalography, Pediatrics, 103, 1263, 10.1542/peds.103.6.1263

Shalak, 2003, Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography coupled with an early neurologic examination enhances prediction of term infants at risk for persistent encephalopathy, Pediatrics, 111, 351, 10.1542/peds.111.2.351

Payne, 2003, The glucose paradox of cerebral ischemia: Evidence for corticosterone involvement, Brain Res., 971, 917, 10.1016/S0006-8993(03)02276-5

Vannucci, 1992, Effect of glucose on perinatal hypoxicischemic brain damage, Biol Neonate, 62, 215, 10.1159/000243874

Yager, 2002, Hypoglycemic injury to the immature brain, Clin Perinatol., 29, 651, 10.1016/S0095-5108(02)00054-4

Salhab, 2004, Initial hypoglycemia and neonatal brain injury in term infants with severe fetal acidemia, Pediatrics, 114, 361, 10.1542/peds.114.2.361

Dzhala, 2000, Seizures accelerate anoxia-induced neuronal death in the neonatal rat hippocampus, Ann Neurol, 48, 632, 10.1002/1531-8249(200010)48:4<632::AID-ANA10>3.0.CO;2-3

Holmes, 1998, Consequences of neonatal seizures in the rat: Morphological and behavioral effects, Ann Neurol, 44, 845, 10.1002/ana.410440602

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Scher, 1993, Electrographic seizures in preterm and full-term neonates: Clinical cor relates, associated brain lesions, and risk for neurologic sequelae, Pediatrics, 91, 128, 10.1542/peds.91.1.128

Goldberg, 1986, Use of barbiturate therapy in severe perinatal asphyxia: A ran domized controlled trial, J Pediatr, 109, 851, 10.1016/S0022-3476(86)80713-2

Hall, 1998, Highdose phenobarbital therapy in term newborn infants with severe perina tal asphyxia: A randomized, prospective study with three-year follow-up, J Pediatr, 132, 345, 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70458-5

Minamisawa, 1990, The effect of mild hyperthermia and hypothermia on brain damage following 5, 10, and 15 minutes of forebrain ischemia, Ann Neurol, 28, 26, 10.1002/ana.410280107

Yager, 1993, Influence of mild hypothermia on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the immature rat, Pediatr Res., 34, 525, 10.1203/00006450-199310000-00029

Laptook, 1994, Modest hypothermia provides partial neuroprotection for ischemic neonatal brain, Pediatr Res, 35, 436, 10.1203/00006450-199404000-00011

Thoresen, 1996, Posthypoxic cooling of neonatal rats provides protection against brain injury, Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed., 74, F3, 10.1136/fn.74.1.F3

Gunn, 1997, Dramatic neuronal rescue with prolonged selective head cooling after ischemia in fetal lambs, J Clin Invest, 99, 248, 10.1172/JCI119153

Gunn, 1998, Neuroprotection with prolonged head cooling started before post ischemic seizures in fetal sheep, Pediatrics., 102, 1098, 10.1542/peds.102.5.1098

Colbourne, 1997, Postischemic hypothermia. A critical appraisal with implications for clinical treatment, Mol Neurobiol., 14, 171, 10.1007/BF02740655

Edwards, 1998, Treatment of hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage by moderate hypo thermia, Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed., 78, F85, 10.1136/fn.78.2.F85

Laptook, 1996, Therapeutic hypothermia: A potential neuroprotective and resuscitative strategy for neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, Prenat Neonat Med., 1, 199

Towfighi, 1994, The effect of focal cerebral cooling on perinatal hypoxic ischemic brain damage, Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 87, 598, 10.1007/BF00293321

Laptook, 2002, The effects of temperature on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, Clin Perinatol, 29, 623, 10.1016/S0095-5108(02)00057-X

Marion, 1997, Treatment of traumatic brain injury with moderate hypothermia, N Engl J Med., 336, 540, 10.1056/NEJM199702203360803

Bernard, 2002, Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia, N Engl J Med., 346, 557, 10.1056/NEJMoa003289

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Safar, 2002, Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest, N Engl J Med., 346, 612, 10.1056/NEJM200202213460811

Laptook, 2001, Differences in brain temperature and cerebral blood flow during selective head versus whole-body cooling, Pediatrics, 108, 1103, 10.1542/peds.108.5.1103

Thoresen, 2000, Cardiovascular changes during mild therapeutic hypothermia and rewarming in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Pediatrics, 106, 92, 10.1542/peds.106.1.92

Gunn, 1998, Selective head cooling in newborn infants after perinatal asphyxia: A safety study, Pediatrics, 102, 885, 10.1542/peds.102.4.885

Azzopardi, 2000, Pilot study of treatment with whole body hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy, Pediatrics, 106, 684, 10.1542/peds.106.4.684

Shankaran, 2002, Whole-body hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy: Animal observations as a basis for a randomized, controlled pilot study in term infants, Pediatrics, 110, 377, 10.1542/peds.110.2.377

Simbruner, 1999, Induced brain hypothermia in asphyxiated human newborn in fants: A retrospective chart analysis of physiological and adverse effects, Intensive Care Med., 25, 1111, 10.1007/s001340051020

Eicher, 2005, Moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy: Safety outcomes, Pediatr Neurol., 32, 18, 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.06.015

Gluckman, 2005, Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: Multicentre randomised trial, Lancet, 365, 663, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17946-X

Shankaran, 2005, Whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxicischemic encephalopathy, N Engl J Med., 353, 1574, 10.1056/NEJMcps050929

Shimizu, 2003, Neuroprotection against hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rat brain by novel superoxide dismutase mimetics, Neurosci Lett., 346, 41, 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00558-5

Van Bel, 1998, Effect of allopurinol on postasphyxial free radical formation, cere bral hemodynamics, and electrical brain activity, Pediatrics, 101, 185, 10.1542/peds.101.2.185

Peeters-Scholte, 2003, Effects of allopurinol and deferoxamine on reperfusion injury of the brain in newborn piglets after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, Pediatr Res., 54, 516, 10.1203/01.PDR.0000081297.53793.C6

Marret, 1995, Prevention by magnesium of excitotoxic neuronal death in the developing brain: An animal model of clinical intervention studies, Dev Med Child Neurol., 37, 473, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1995.tb12035.x

Penrice, 1997, Magnesium sulfate after transient hypoxia-ischemia fails to prevent delayed cerebral energy failure in the newborn piglet, Pediatr Res., 41, 443, 10.1203/00006450-199703000-00024

de Haan, 1997, Magnesium sulfate therapy during asphyxia in near-term fetal lambs does not compromise the fetus but does not reduce cerebral injury, Am J Obstet Gynecol., 176, 18, 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)80005-1

Nelson, 1995, Can magnesium sulfate reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in very low birthweight infants?, Pediatrics, 95, 263, 10.1542/peds.95.2.263

Ichiba, 2002, Randomized controlled trial of magnesium sulfate infusion for severe birth asphyxia, Pediatr Int., 44, 505, 10.1046/j.1442-200X.2002.01610.x

Levene, 1990, The use of a calcium-channel blocker, nicardipine, for severely as phyxiated newborn infants, Dev Med Child Neurol, 32, 567, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1990.tb08540.x

Barnes, 2004, The pediatric cardiology pharmacopoeia: 2004 Update, Ped Cardiol, 25, 623, 10.1007/s00246-003-0692-z

Liu, 1996, The platelet-activating factor antagonist BN 52021 attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the immature rat, Pediatr Res., 40, 797, 10.1203/00006450-199612000-00004

Halle, 1997, Enhancing adenosine Al receptor binding reduces hypoxic ischemic brain injury in newborn rats, Brain Res., 759, 309, 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00364-8

Tan, 1994, Monosialoganglioside GM 1 treatment after a hypoxicischemic episode reduces the vulnerability of the fetal sheep brain to subsequent injuries, Am J Obstet Gynecol., 170, 663, 10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70245-4

Holtzman, 1996, Nerve growth factor protects the neonatal brain against hypoxic-ischemic injury, Ann Neurol., 39, 114, 10.1002/ana.410390117

Johnston, 1996, Insulin-like growth factor-1 is a potent neuronal rescue agent after hypoxic-ischemic injury in fetal lambs, J Clin Invest., 97, 300, 10.1172/JCI118416

Arvin, 2002, Minocycline markedly protects the neonatal brain against hypoxicischemic injury, Ann Neurol., 52, 54, 10.1002/ana.10242

Aydin, 2003, Erythropoietin exerts neuroprotective effect in neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, Brain Dev., 25, 494, 10.1016/S0387-7604(03)00039-1

Kumral, 2003, Neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats, Biol Neonate., 83, 224, 10.1159/000068926

Chang, 2005, Erythropoietin improves functional and histological outcome in neonatal stroke, Pediatr Res., 58, 106, 10.1203/01.PDR.0000163616.89767.69