Tác động của nhiễm SARS-COV-2 trong chẩn đoán và quản lý bệnh lý tiêu hóa ở trẻ em

Italian Journal of Pediatrics - Tập 47 Số 1 - 2021
Valeria Dipasquale1, Stefano Passanisi1, U Cucinotta1, Antonio Cascio2, Claudio Romano1
1Pediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124, Messina, Italy
2Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtCác bệnh lý tiêu hóa như bệnh celiac, rối loạn tiêu hóa chức năng (FGIDs), bệnh viêm ruột (IBDs) và tiêu chảy cấp hoặc mãn tính khá phổ biến trong dân số nhi khoa. Cách tiếp cận, chẩn đoán và quản lý có thể thay đổi trong thời kỳ đại dịch virus corona năm 2019 (COVID-19). Bài tổng quan này tập trung vào: i) Hiểu biết hiện tại về sự tham gia của hệ tiêu hóa ở trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên nhiễm virus corona gây hội chứng hô hấp cấp tính nặng 2 (SARS-CoV-2) và những hệ lụy lâm sàng của COVID-19 đối với các bác sĩ nhi khoa về tiêu hóa, ii) Ảnh hưởng của COVID-19 đến cách tiếp cận lâm sàng đối với bệnh nhân có bệnh lý hiện có hoặc mới khởi phát, bao gồm chẩn đoán và điều trị, và iii) Vai trò và sự tiếp cận hạn chế đến chẩn đoán bằng thiết bị như nội soi tiêu hóa. Đến nay, vẫn chưa rõ liệu sự ức chế miễn dịch ở bệnh nhân mắc IBD và bệnh gan mãn tính có phải là yếu tố nguy cơ cho những kết quả bất lợi hay không. Các cuộc hẹn tái khám ngoại trú theo lịch có thể bị hoãn, đặc biệt là đối với những bệnh nhân đang trong tình trạng thuyên giảm. Ngược lại, các dịch vụ y học từ xa được khuyến nghị mạnh mẽ. Việc giới thiệu các phác đồ điều trị mới nên được thực hiện trên cơ sở cá nhân, thảo luận về lợi ích và rủi ro với từng bệnh nhân. Hơn nữa, cần đảm bảo chăm sóc tâm lý cho tất cả trẻ em mắc bệnh mãn tính và cha mẹ của chúng. Tất cả các thủ tục nội soi không khẩn cấp và lựa chọn có thể bị hoãn lại vì chúng phải được xem xét là có nguy cơ cao truyền nhiễm virus. Cuối cùng, cho đến khi vaccine SARS-CoV-2 có sẵn, việc tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt các quy tắc giãn cách xã hội chuẩn và sử dụng thiết bị bảo vệ cá nhân nên tiếp tục được khuyến nghị.

Từ khóa


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