Impact of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in its introduced and native range: a review

Biological Invasions - Tập 14 Số 11 - Trang 2283-2300 - 2012
M. Noelia Barrios‐Garcia1, Sebastián A. Ballari2
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
2Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abaigar T, Del Barrio G, Vericad J (1994) Habitat preference of wild boar (Sus scrofa L., 1758) in a Mediterranean environment. Indirect evaluation by signs. Mammalia 58:201–210

Adkins RN, Harveson LA (2006) Summer diets of feral hogs in the Davis Mountains, Texas. Southwest Nat 51:578–580

Andrzejewski R, Jezierski W (1978) Management of a wild boar population and its effects on commercial land. Acta Theriologica 23:309–339

Antolova D, Reiterová K, Dubinsky P (2007) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in the Slovak Republic. Ann Agric Environ Med 14:71

Aplet GH, Anderson SJ, Stone CP (1991) Association between feral pig disturbance and the composition of some alien plant assemblages in Hawaii Volcanos National Park. Vegetatio 95:55–62

Arrington DA, Toth LA, Koebel JW (1999) Effects of rooting by feral hogs Sus scrofa L. on the structure of a floodplain vegetation assemblage. Wetlands 19:535–544

Baber DW, Morris JG (1980) Florida scrub jays foraging from feral hogs. Auk 97:202

Baron J (1982) Effects of feral hogs (Sus scrofa) on the vegetation of Horn Island, Mississippi. Am Midl Nat 107:202–205

Barrett R, Goatcher B, Gogan P, Fitzhugh E (1988) Removing feral pigs from Annadel State Park. Trans West Sect Wildl Soc 24:47–52

Barron MC, Anderson PA, Parkes JP, ‘Ohukani’ohi’a Gon SM III (2011) Evaluation of feral pig control in Hawaiian protected areas using Bayesian catch-effort models. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 35:182–188

Baskin LM, Danell K (2003) Ecology of ungulates: a handbook of species in Eastern Europe and Northern and Central Asia. Springer, Berlin

Baubet E, Ropert-Coudert Y, Brandt S (2003) Seasonal and annual variations in earthworm consumption by wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa L.). Wildl Res 30:179–186

Baubet E, Bonenfant C, Brandt S (2004) Diet of the wild boar in the French Alps. Galemys 16:99–111

Blouch R, Groves C (1990) Naturally occurring suid hybrid in Java. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 55:270–275

Bradshaw CJA, Field IC, Bowman DMJS, Haynes C, Brook BW (2007) Current and future threats from non-indigenous animal species in northern Australia: a spotlight on World Heritage Area Kakadu National Park. Wildl Res 34:419–436

Braga C, Alexandre N, Fernández-Llario P, Santos P (2010) Wild boar (Sus scrofa) harvesting using the espera hunting method: side effects and management implications. Eur J Wildl Res 56:465–469

Bratton SP (1974) Effect of European wild boar (Sus scrofa) on high-elevation vernal flora in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Bull Torrey Bot Club 101:198–206

Bratton SP (1975) The effect of the European wild boar, Sus scrofa, on gray beech forest in the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecology 56:1356–1366

Briones V, de Juan L, Sánchez C, Vela AI, Galka M (2000) Bovine tuberculosis and the endangered Iberian lynx. Emerg Infect Dis 6:189

Browning CA (2008) A preliminary examination of the effects of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) on water quality and soil loss within a Hawaiian watershed. University of Hawai’i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii

Busby PE, Vitousek P, Dirzo R (2010) Prevalence of tree regeneration by sprouting and seeding along a rainfall gradient in Hawai’i. Biotropica 42:80–86

Calenge C, Maillard D, Fournier P, Fouque C (2004) Efficiency of spreading maize in the garrigues to reduce wild boar (Sus scrofa) damage to Mediterranean vineyards. Eur J Wildl Res 50:112–120

Caley P (1993) Population dynamics of feral pigs (Sus Scrofa) in a tropical riverine habitat complex. Wildl Res 20:625–636

Campbell TA, Long DB (2009) Feral swine damage and damage management in forested ecosystems. For Ecol Manag 257:2319–2326

Campos Z (1993) Effect of habitat on survival of eggs and sex ratio of hatchlings of Caiman crocodilus yacare in the Pantanal, Brazil. J Herpetol 27:127–132

Campos CM, Ojeda RA (1997) Dispersal and germination of Prosopis flexuosa (Fabaceae) seeds by desert mammals in Argentina. J Arid Environ 35:707–714

Challies CN (1975) Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) on Auckland Island: status, and effects on vegetation and nesting sea birds. N Z J Zool 2:479–490

Chimera C, Coleman MC, Parkes JP (1995) Diet of feral goats and feral pigs on Auckland Island, New Zealand. N Z J Ecol 19:203–207

Choquenot D, McIlroy J, Korn T (1996) Managing vertebrate pests: feral pigs. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra

Coblentz BE, Baber DW (1987) Biology and control of feral pigs on Isla Santiago, Gapagos, Ecuador. J Appl Ecol 24:403–418

Cole RJ, Litton CM, Koontz MJ, Loh RK (in press) Vegetation recovery 16 years after feral pig removal from a wet Hawaiian forest. Biotropica

Coleman M, Parkes JP, Walker KJ (2001) Impact of feral pigs and other predators on macro-invertebrates, D’Urville Island. Conservation Advisory Science Notes No. 345, Dept. of Conservation, Wellington

Côté SD, Rooney TP, Tremblay JP, Dussault C, Waller DM (2004) Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 35:113–147

Courchamp F, Chapuis JL, Pascal M (2003) Mammal invaders on islands: impact, control and control impact. Biol Rev 78:347–383

Crome F, Moore L (1990) Cassowaries in north-eastern Queensland: report of a survey and a review and assessment of their status and conservation and management needs. Aust Wildl Res 17:369–385

Crooks JA (2002) Characterizing ecosystem-level consequences of biological invasions: the role of ecosystem engineers. Oikos 97:153

Cruz JB, Cruz F (1987) Conservation of the dark-rumped petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Biol Conserv 42:303–311

Cruz F, Donlan CJ, Campbell K, Carrion V (2005) Conservation action in the Galapagos: feral pig (Sus scrofa) eradication from Santiago Island. Biol Conserv 121:473–478

Cuddihy LW, Stone CP (1990) Alteration of native Hawaiian vegetation. Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, Honolulu

Cuevas MF, Novillo A, Campos C, Dacar MA, Ojeda RA (2010) Food habits and impact of rooting behavior of the invasive wild boar, Sus scrofa, in a protected area of the Monte Desert, Argentina. J Arid Environ 74:1582–1585

Cushman JH, Tierney TA, Hinds JM (2004) Variable effects of feral pig disturbances on native and exotic plants in a California grassland. Ecol Appl 14:1746–1756

Dardaillon M (1986) Seasonal variations in habitat selection and spatial distribution of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Camargue, Southern France. Behav Process 13:251–268

de la Fuente J, Naranjo V, Ruiz-Fons F, Vicente J, Estrada-Peña A, Almazán C, Kocan KM, Martín MP, Gortázar C (2004) Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from European wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in central Spain. Eur J Wildl Res 50:187–196

Desbiez ALJ (2007) Wildlife conservation in the Pantanal: habitat alteration, invasive species and bushmeat hunting. University of Kent, Canterbury

Desbiez ALJ, Santos SA, Keuroghlian A, Bodmer RE (2009) Niche partitioning among white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari), collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu), and feral pigs (Sus scrofa). J Mammal 90:119–128

Diong CH (1982) Population biology and management of the feral pig (Sus scrofa L.) in Kipahulu Valley, Maui. University of Hawaii, Honolulu

Donlan CJ, Campbell K, Cabrera W, Lavoie C, Carrion V, Cruz F (2007) Recovery of the Galapagos rail (Laterallus spilonotus) following the removal of invasive mammals. Biol Conserv 138:520–524

Doupé RG, Mitchell J, Knott MJ, Davis AM, Lymbery AJ (2010) Efficacy of exclusion fencing to protect ephemeral floodplain lagoon habitats from feral pigs (Sus scrofa). Wetlands Ecol Manag 18:69–78

Drake DR, Pratt LW (2001) Seedling mortality in Hawaiian rain forest: the role of small scale physical disturbance. Biotropica 33:319–323

Dunkell DO, Bruland GL, Evensen CI, Litton CM (2011) Runoff, sediment transport, and effects of feral pig (Sus scrofa) exclusion in a forested Hawaiian Watershed. Pac Sci 65:175–194

Everitt J, Alaniz M (1980) Fall and winter diets of feral pigs in south Texas. J Range Manag 33:126–129

Fernández-Llario P (2004) Environmental correlates of nest site selection by wild boar Sus scrofa. Acta Theriologica 49:383–392

Focardi S, Capizzi D, Monetti D (2000) Competition for acorns among wild boar (Sus scrofa) and small mammals in a Mediterranean woodland. J Zool 250:329–334

Fordham D, Georges A, Corey B, Brook BW (2006) Feral pig predation threatens the indigenous harvest and local persistence of snake-necked turtles in northern Australia. Biol Conserv 133:379–388

Fournier-Chambrillon C, Maillard D, Fournier P (1995) Diet of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) inhabiting the Monpellier garrigue. J Mt Ecol (Ibex) 3:174–179

Gabor TM, Hellgren EC (2000) Variation in peccary populations: landscape composition or competition by an invader? Ecology 81:2509–2524

Gee R (1982) Australia and exotic animal diseases. Aust Vet J 59:11–13

Geisser H, Reyer HU (2004) Efficacy of hunting, feeding, and fencing to reduce crop damage by wild boars. J Wildl Manag 68:939–946

Genard M, Lescourret F, Durrieu G (1988) Mycophagie chez le sanglier et hypotheses sur son role dans la dissemination des spores de champignons hypoges. Can J Zool 66:2324–2327

Genov P (1981) Food composition of wild boar in north-eastern and western Poland. Acta Theriologica 26:185–205

Giménez-Anaya A, Herrero J, Rosell C, Couto S, García-Serrano A (2008) Food habits of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in a Mediterranean coastal wetland. Wetlands 28:197–203

Gomez JM, Garcia D, Zamora R (2003) Impact of vertebrate acorn- and seedling-predators on a Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica forest. For Ecol Manag 180:125–134

Gortázar C, Ferroglio E, Höfle U, Frölich K, Vicente J (2007) Diseases shared between wildlife and livestock: a European perspective. Eur J Wildl Res 53:241–256

Graves H (1984) Behavior and ecology of wild and feral swine (Sus scrofa). J Anim Sci 58:482

Grice A (1996) Seed production, dispersal and germination in Cryptostegia grandiflora and Ziziphus mauritiana, two invasive shrubs in tropical woodlands of northern Australia. Aust J Ecol 21:324–331

Groot Bruinderink G, Hazebroek E (1996) Wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa L.) rooting and forest regeneration on podzolic soils in the Netherlands. For Ecol Manag 88:71–80

Groot Bruinderink G, Hazebroek E, Van Der Voot H (1994) Diet and condition of wild boar, Sus scrofa scrofa, without supplementary feeding. J Zool 233:631–648

Heinken T, Raudnitschka D (2002) Do wild ungulates contribute to the dispersal of vascular plants in central European forests by epizoochory? A case study in NE Germany. Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt 121:179–194

Heinken T, Hanspach H, Raudnitschka D, Schaumann F (2002) Dispersal of vascular plants by four species of wild mammals in a deciduous forest in NE Germany. Phytocoenologia 32:627–643

Heinken T, Schmidt M, Von Oheimb G, Kriebitzsch WU, Ellenberg H (2006) Soil seed banks near rubbing trees indicate dispersal of plant species into forests by wild boar. Basic Appl Ecol 7:31–44

Hendrix PF, Parmelee RW, Crossley DA Jr, Coleman DC, Odum EP, Groffman PM (1986) Detritus food webs in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems. Bioscience 36:374–380

Henry VG (1969) Predation on dummy nests of ground-nesting birds in the southern Appalachians. J Wildl Manag 33:169–172

Herrero J, Couto S, Rosell C, Arias P (2004) Preliminary data on the diet of wild boar living in a Mediterranean coastal wetland. Wild Boar Res 2002:115–123

Herrero J, Irizar I, Laskurain NA, García-Serrano A, García-González R (2005) Fruits and roots: wild boar foods during the cold season in the southwestern Pyrenees. Italian J Zool 72:49–52

Herrero J, García-Serrano A, Couto S, Ortuño VM, García-González R (2006) Diet of wild boar Sus scrofa L. and crop damage in an intensive agroecosystem. Eur J Wildl Res 52:245–250

Hierro JL, Maron JL, Callaway RM (2005) A biogeographical approach to plant invasions: the importance of studying exotics in their introduced and native range. J Ecol 93:5–15

Höfle Ú, Vicente J, Fernández de Mera IG, Villanúa D, Acevedo P, Ruiz-Fons F, Gortázar C (2004) Health risks in game production: the wild boar. Galemys 16:197–206

Hone J (1988) Feral pig rooting in a mountain forest and woodland—distribution, abundance and relationships with environmental variables. Aust J Ecol 13:393–400

Hone J (1995) Spatial and temporal aspects of vertebrate pest damage with emphasis on feral pigs. J Appl Ecol 32:311–319

Hone J (2002) Feral pigs in Namadgi National Park, Australia: dynamics, impacts and management. Biol Conserv 105:231–242

Howe TD, Bratton SP (1976) Winter rooting activity of the European wild boar in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Castanea 41:256–264

Howe TD, Singer FJ, Ackerman BB (1981) Forage relationships of European wild boar invading northern hardwood forest. J Wildl Manag 45:748–754

Humbert J, Henry C (1989) Studies on the prevalence and the transmission of lung and stomach nematodes of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) in France. J Wildl Dis 25:335

Ickes K (2001) Hyper abundance of Native Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) in a Lowland Dipterocarp Rain Forest of Peninsular Malaysia1. Biotropica 33:682–690

Ickes K, Dewalt SJ, Appanah S (2001) Effects of native pigs (Sus scrofa) on woody understorey vegetation in a Malaysian lowland rain forest. J Trop Ecol 17:191–206

Ickes K, Dewalt SJ, Thomas SC (2003) Resprouting of woody saplings following stem snap by wild pigs in a Malaysian rain forest. J Ecol 91:222–233

Ickes K, Paciorek CJ, Thomas SC (2005) Impacts of nest construction by native pigs (Sus scrofa) on lowland Malaysian rain forest saplings. Ecology 86:1540–1547

Ilse LM, Hellgren EC (1995) Resource partitioning in sympatric populations of collared peccaries and feral hogs in southern Texas. J Mammal 76:784–799

Irizar I, Laskurain NA, Herrero J (2004) Wild boar frugivory in the Atlantic Basque Country. Galemys 16:125–133

Jaksic FM (1998) Vertebrate invaders and their ecological impacts in Chile. Biodivers Conserv 7:1427–1445

Jolley DB, Ditchkoff SS, Sparklin BD, Hanson LB, Mitchell MS, Grand JB (2010) Estimate of herpetofauna depredation by a population of wild pigs. J Mammal 91:519–524

Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M (1994) Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos 69:373–386

Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M (1997) Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers. Ecology 78:1946–1957

Kaller MD, Kelso WE (2006) Swine activity alters invertebrate and microbial communities in a coastal plain watershed. Am Midl Nat 156:163–177

Kilham L (1982) Cleaning/feeding symbioses of common crows with cattle and feral hogs. J Field Ornithol 53:275–276

Kliejunas J, Ko W (1976) Dispersal of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the island of Hawaii. Phytopathology 66:457–460

Kotanen PM (1995) Responses of vegetation to a changing regime of disturbance: effects of feral pigs in a Californian coastal prairie. Ecography 18:190–199

Koutsogiannouli EA, Moutou KA, Sarafidou T, Stamatis C, Mamuris Z (2010) Detection of hybrids between wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in Greece, using the PCR-RFLP method on melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) mutations. Mammalian Biology-Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 75:69–73

Lacki MJ, Lancia RA (1986) Effects of wild pigs on beech growth in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. J Wildl Manag 50:655–659

Lease JK, Dusek RJ, Atkinson CT (1996) Feral pig control is effective in reducing mosquito populations. In: Hawaii conservation conference, Hawaii

Li A, Williams N, Adams P, Fenwick S, Hardy GESJ (2010) The spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi by feral Pigs. In: 5th IUFRO phytophthora diseases in forests and natural ecosystems, Auckland and Rotorua

Lipscomb DJ (1989) Impacts of feral hogs on longleaf pine regeneration. South J Appl For 13:177–181

Lombardo CA, Faulkner KR (1999) Eradication of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) from Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California. In: Proceedings of the 5th California islands symposium, pp 300–306

Long JL (2003) Introduced mammals of the world: their history distribution and influence. CSIRO, Collingwood

Loope LL, Hamann O, Stone CP (1988) Comparative conservation biology of oceanic archipelagoes: Hawaii and the Galapagos. Bioscience 38:272–282

Lott R, Harrington G, Irvine A, McIntyre S (1995) Density-dependent seed predation and plant dispersion of the tropical palm Normanbya normanbyi. Biotropica 27:87–95

Lynes B, Campbell S (2000) Germination and viability of mesquite (Prosopis pallida) seed following ingestion and excretion by feral pigs (Sus scrofa). Trop Grasslands 34:125–128

MacFarland CG, Villa J, Toro B (1974) The Galápagos giant tortoises (Geochelone elephantopus) Part I: status of the surviving populations. Biol Conserv 6:118–133

Mackin R (1970) Dynamics of damage caused by wild boar to different agricultural crops. Acta Theriologica 15:447–458

Maehr DS, Belden RC, Land ED, Wilkins L (1990) Food habits of panthers in southwest Florida. J Wildl Manag 54:420–423

Massei G, Genov P (2004) The environmental impact of wild boar. Galemys 16:135–145

Mayer JJ, Nelson EA, Wike LD (2000) Selective depredation of planted hardwood seedlings by wild pigs in a wetland restoration area. Ecol Eng 15(Supplement 1):S79–S85

McCann BE, Garcelon DK (2008) Eradication of feral pigs from Pinnacles National Monument. J Wildl Manag 72:1287–1295

McIlroy JC (1989) Aspects of the ecology of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in the Murchison area, New Zealand. N Z J Ecol 12:11–22

Means DB, Travis J (2007) Declines in ravine-inhabiting dusky salamanders of the southeastern US Coastal Plain. Southeast Nat 6:83–96

Mitchell J, Dorney W, Mayer R, McIlroy J (2007a) Ecological impacts of feral pig diggings in north Queensland rainforests. Wildl Res 34:603–608

Mitchell J, Dorney W, Mayer R, McIlroy J (2007b) Spatial and temporal patterns of feral pig diggings in rainforests of north Queensland. Wildl Res 34:597–602

Mohr D, Cohnstaedt LW, Topp W (2005) Wild boar and red deer affect soil nutrients and soil biota in steep oak stands of the Eifel. Soil Biol Biochem 37:693–700

Moody A, Jones JA (2000) Soil response to canopy position and feral pig disturbance beneath Quercus agrifolia on Santa Cruz Island, California. Appl Soil Ecol 14:269–281

Morrison SA, Macdonald N, Walker K, Lozier L, Shaw MR (2007) Facing the dilemma at eradication’s end: uncertainty of absence and the Lazarus effect. Front Ecol Environ 5:271–276

Murray M, Snowdon W (1976) The role of wild animals in the spread of exotic diseases in Australia. Aust Vet J 52:547–554

Nogueira-Filho SLG, Nogueira SSC, Fragoso JMV (2009) Ecological impacts of feral pigs in the Hawaiian Islands. Biodivers Conserv (in press)

O’Brien P (1987) Socio-economic and biological impact of the feral pig in New South Wales: an overview and alternative management plan. Rangel J 9:96–101

Parkes JP, Ramsey DSL, Macdonald N, Walker K, McKnight S, Cohen BS, Morrison SA (2010) Rapid eradication of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) from Santa Cruz Island, California. Biol Conserv 143:634–641

Pavlov P, Edwards E (1995) Feral pig ecology in Cape Tribulation National Park, North Queensland, Australia. J Mt Ecol 3:148–151

Pavlov P, Hone J (1982) The behaviour of feral pigs, Sus scrofa, in flocks of lambing ewes. Wildl Res 9:101–109

Pavlov P, Hone J, Kilgour R, Pedersen H (1981) Predation by feral pigs on Merino lambs at Nyngan, New South Wales. Aust J Exp Agric Anim Husb 21:570–574

Pavlov P, Crome F, Moore L (1992) Feral pigs, rainforest conservation and exotic disease in north Queensland. Wildl Res 19:179–193

Pérez Carusi LC, Beade MS, Miñarro F, Vila AR, Giménez-Dixon M, Bilenca DN (2009) Relaciones espaciales y numéricas entre venados de las pampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus celer) y chanchos cimarrones (Sus scrofa) en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bahía Samborombón, Argentina. Ecología Austral 19:63–71

Pescador M, Sanguinetti J, Pastore H, Peris S (2009) Expansion of the introduced Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in the Andean region, Argentinean Patagonia. Galemys 21:121–132

Pimentel D, Zuniga R, Morrison D (2005) Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States. Ecol Econ 52:273–288

Recher HF, Clark SS (1974) A biological survey of Lord Howe Island with recommendations for the conservation of the island’s wildlife. Biol Conserv 6:263–273

Risch AC, Wirthner S, Busse MD, Page-Dumroese DS, Schütz M (2010) Grubbing by wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) and its impact on hardwood forest soil carbon dioxide emissions in Switzerland. Oecologia 164:773–784

Risco D, Llario P, Velarde R, García W, Benítez J, García A, Bermejo F, Cortés M, Rey J, de Mendoza J (2011) Outbreak of swine erysipelas in a semi intensive wild boar farm in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 58(5):445–450

Roemer GW, Donlan CJ, Courchamp F (2002) Golden eagles, feral pigs, and insular carnivores: how exotic species turn native predators into prey. Proc Nat Acad Sci 99:791–796

Rollins D, Carroll JP (2001) Impacts of predation on northern bobwhite and scaled quail. Wildl Soc Bull 29:39–51

Rosell C, Fernández-Llario P, Herrero J (2001) El jabalí (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758). Galemys 13:1–25

Rudge M (1976) A note on the food of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) of Auckland Island. Proc NZ Ecol Soc 23:83–84

Ruiz V, Bersano J, Brandão P, Gregori F, Soares R, Villalobos E, Richtzenhain L (2009) Identification of Porcine parvovirus from wild boars by partial sequencing of the VP-2 coding gene. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 61:1218–1221

Ruiz-Fons F, Segales J, Gortazar C (2008) A review of viral diseases of the European wild boar: effects of population dynamics and reservoir role. Vet J 176:158–169

Sanguinetti J, Kitzberger T (2010) Factors controlling seed predation by rodents and non-native Sus scrofa in Araucaria araucana forests: potential effects on seedling establishment. Biol Invasions 12:689–706

Saniga M (2002) Nest loss and chick mortality in capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia) in West Carpathians. Folia Zool 51:205–214

Schaefer T (2004) Video monitoring of shrub-nests reveals nest predators. Bird Study 51:170–177

Schley L, Roper TJ (2003) Diet of wild boar, Sus scrofa, in Western Europe, with particular reference to consumption of agricultural crops. Mammal Rev 33:43–56

Schmidt M, Sommer K, Kriebitzsch WU, Ellenberg H, von Oheimb G (2004) Dispersal of vascular plants by game in northern Germany. Part I: Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Eur J For Res 123:167–176

Schuyler P, Garcelon D, Escover S (2002) Eradication of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) on Santa Catalina island. IUCN, p 274

Setter M, Bradford M, Dorney B, Lynes B, Mitchell J, Setter S, Westcott D, Jacob H, Dodd J, Moore J (2002) Pond apple-are the endangered cassowary and feral pig helping this weed to invade Queensland’s Wet Tropics? In: Jacob HS, Dodd J, Moore JH (eds) 13th Australian weeds conference: weeds “threats now and forever?”. Plant Protection Society of Western Australia Inc, Perth, pp 173–176

Sicuro FL, Oliveira LFB (2002) Coexistence of peccaries and feral hogs in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: an ecomorphological view. J Mammal 83:207–217

Siemann E, Carrillo JA, Gabler CA, Zipp R, Rogers WE (2009) Experimental test of the impacts of feral hogs on forest dynamics and processes in the southeastern US. For Ecol Manag 258:546–553

Sierra C (2001) El cerdo cimarrón (Sus scrofa, Suidae) en la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica: Composición de su dieta, estado reproductivo y genética. Revista de Biol Trop 49:1147–1157

Singer FJ (1981) Wild pig populations in the National Parks. Environ Manag 5:263–270

Singer FJ, Swank WT, Clebsch EEC (1984) Effects of wild pig rooting in a deciduous forest. J Wildl Manag 48:464–473

Skewes O, Rodriguez R, Jaksic FM (2007) Trophic ecology of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Chile. Revista Chilena De Historia Natural 80:295–307

Solís-Cámara AB, Arnaud-Franco G, Álvarez-Cárdenas S, Galina-Tessaro P, Montes-Sánchez JJ (2008) Evaluación de la población de cerdos asilvestrados (Sus scrofa) y su impacto en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra La Laguna, Baja California Sur, México. Trop Conserv Sci 2:173–188

Spencer PBS, Hampton JO (2005) Illegal translocation and genetic structure of feral pigs in Western Australia. J Wildl Manag 69:377–384

Stegeman LRC (1938) The European wild boar in the Cherokee national forest, Tennessee. J Mammal 19:279–290

Stone CP (1985) Alien animals in Hawaii’s native ecosystems: toward controlling the adverse effects of introduced vertebrates. In: Stone CP, Scott JM (eds) Hawaii’s Terrestrial Ecosystems. Preservation and Management. Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, pp 251–297

Sweitzer RA, Van Vuren DH (2002) Rooting and foraging effects of wild pigs on tree regeneration and acorn survival in California’s oak woodland ecosystems. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report: 219–231

Taylor RB, Hellgren EC (1997) Diet of feral hogs in the western South Texas Plains. Southwest Nat 42:33–39

Taylor RB, Hellgren EC, Gabor TM, Ilse LM (1998) Reproduction of feral pigs in southern Texas. J Mammal 79:1325–1331

Taylor DL, Leung LKP, Gordon IJ (2011) The impact of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) on an Australian lowland tropical forest. Wildl Res 38:437–445

Tierney TA, Cushman JH (2006) Temporal changes in native and exotic vegetation and soil characteristics following disturbances by feral pigs in a California grassland. Biol Invasions 8:1073–1089

Tolleson DR, Pinchak WE, Rollins D, Hunt LJ (1995) Feral hogs in the rolling plains of Texas: perspectives, problems, and potential. In: Wildlife damage management, internet center for great plains wildlife damage control workshop proceedings. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, pp 124–128

van Riper C III, Scott J (2001) Limiting factors affecting Hawaiian native birds. Stud Avian Biol 22:221–233

Vanschoenwinkel B, Waterkeyn A, Vandecaetsbeek T, Pineau O, Grillas P, Brendonck L (2008) Dispersal of freshwater invertebrates by large terrestrial mammals: a case study with wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Mediterranean wetlands. Freshw Biol 53:2264–2273

Vengust G, Valencak Z, Bidovec A (2006) A serological survey of selected pathogens in wild boar in Slovenia. J Vet Med Ser B 53:24–27

Vidrih M, Trdan S (2008) Evaluation of different designs of temporary electric fence systems for the protection of maize against wild boar (Sus scrofa L., Mammalia, Suidae). Acta agriculturae Slovenica 91:343–349

Vitousek PM (1990) Biological invasions and ecosystem processes - towards an integration of population biology and ecosystem studies. Oikos 57:7–13

Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM (1997) Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems. Science 277:494–499

Vtorov IP (1993) Feral pig removal: effects on soil microarthropods in a Hawaiian rain forest. J Wildl Manag 57:875–880

Waithman JD, Sweitzer RA, van Vuren D, Drew JD, Brinkhaus AJ, Gardner IA (1999) Range expansion, population sizes, and management of wild pigs in California. J Wildl Manag 63:298–308

Warner RE (1968) The role of introduced diseases in the extinction of the endemic Hawaiian avifauna. Condor 70:101–120

Webber BL, Norton BA, Woodrow IE (2010) Disturbance affects spatial patterning and stand structure of a tropical rainforest tree. Austral Ecol 35:423–434

Welander J (2001) Spatial and temporal dynamics of wild boar (Sus scrofa) rooting in a mosaic landscape. J Zool 252:263–271

Wilcox JT, Van Vuren DH (2009) Wild pigs as predators in oak woodlands of California. J Mammal 90:114–118

Wilcox J, Aschehoug E, Scott C, Van Vuren D (2004) A test of the Judas technique as a method for eradicating feral pigs. Trans West Sect Wildl Soc 40:120

Wilson CJ (2004) Rooting damage to farmland in Dorset, southern England, caused by feral wild boar Sus scrofa. Mammal Rev 34:331–335

Wirthner S, Frey B, Busse MD, Schütz M, Risch AC (2011) Effects of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) rooting on the bacterial community structure in mixed-hardwood forest soils in Switzerland. Eur J Soil Biol 47:296–302

Wood GW, Barrett RH (1979) Status of wild pigs in the United States. Wildl Soc Bull 7:237–246

Wood GW, Roark DN (1980) Food habits of feral hogs in coastal South Carolina. J Wildl Manag 44:506–511

Woodall PF (1983) Distribution and population dynamics of dingoes (Canis familiaris) and feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in Queensland, 1945–1976. J Appl Ecol 20:85–95

Zivin J, Hueth BM, Zilberman D (2000) Managing a multiple-use resource: the case of feral pig management in California rangeland. J Environ Econ Manag 39:189–204