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Tác động của việc chuyển đổi từ nông lâm nghiệp hữu cơ đến sự lưu thông C của vi sinh vật trong đất sử dụng 13C của axit béo phospholipid
Tóm tắt
Tọa lạc tại quốc gia đang phát triển nhanh chóng là Brazil, rừng mưa nhiệt đới Atlantic Mata Atlântica đang đối mặt với những rủi ro do các vấn đề phát sinh từ sự gia tăng dân số. Việc chuyển đổi rừng thành đất nông nghiệp đã dẫn đến cảnh quan mô hình với những mảnh rừng thứ cấp nằm rải rác trong đất nông nghiệp. Sự xáo trộn này đối với hệ sinh thái đã thích ứng tự nhiên gây ra sự suy thoái đất nhanh chóng. Do đó, chúng tôi đã so sánh sự tích hợp C vào vi sinh vật đất và sự quay vòng của chúng trong các hệ thống sử dụng đất điển hình như rừng nguyên sinh, rừng thứ cấp và đất nông nghiệp ở Cao nguyên Atlantic của São Paulo, Brazil. Trong các loài thực vật C3 và C4 có thành phần 13C/12C khác nhau, một sự thay đổi từ thực vật C3 sang C4 đã được khởi tạo bằng việc sử dụng ngô, một loài thực vật C4. Chúng tôi đã đo lường thành phần δ13C của các axit béo phospholipid (PLFA) cá nhân vì PLFA đặc trưng cho các vi sinh vật điển hình. Kết quả cho thấy rằng phân tích thống kê của PLFA trong đất cho phép phân biệt bốn đơn vị vi sinh vật: (1) vi khuẩn Gram dương; (2) vi khuẩn Gram dương kị khí; (3) nấm, nấm mycorrhiza dạng túi-chân và vi khuẩn Gram dương; và (4) actinobacteria và vi khuẩn Gram dương. Chúng tôi cũng phát hiện rằng chất hữu cơ trong đất được chu kỳ lâu hơn trong các hệ sinh thái rừng nguyên sinh, với thời gian quay vòng trung bình là 28 năm, so với các hệ sinh thái nông nghiệp với thời gian quay vòng trung bình là 4 năm đối với nông nghiệp hữu cơ và 8 năm đối với nông nghiệp truyền thống. Tính toán carbon có nguồn gốc từ ngô của từng đơn vị vi sinh vật gợi ý rằng nấm và nấm mycorrhiza dạng túi-chân thống trị hoạt động vi sinh vật trong rừng nguyên sinh trong khi vi khuẩn Gram âm nổi bật trong các khu vực nông nghiệp. Kết luận, chúng tôi nhận thấy rằng các hồ sơ PLFA nhạy cảm với việc chuyển đổi sử dụng đất và phân tích đồng vị ổn định cụ thể hợp chất của chúng có thể phân biệt mạnh mẽ giữa các phương thức quản lý khác nhau.
Từ khóa
#Mata Atlântica #vi sinh vật #C trong đất #axit béo phospholipid #chuyển đổi sử dụng đất #nông nghiệp hữu cơTài liệu tham khảo
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