Đánh giá tác động của công nghệ đẩy-kéo trong quản lý dịch hại đến thu nhập, năng suất và tình trạng nghèo ở các hộ gia đình nông hộ tại Đông Uganda

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 9 Số 6 - Trang 1359-1372 - 2017
Chepchirchir, Ruth T.1,2, Macharia, Ibrahim2, Murage, Alice W.3, Midega, Charles A. O.1, Khan, Zeyaur R.1
1International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
2Department of Agribusiness Management and Trade, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
3Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Naivasha, Kenya

Tóm tắt

Bài báo đánh giá tác động của việc áp dụng công nghệ đẩy-kéo (PPT) đến phúc lợi hộ gia đình về mặt năng suất, thu nhập và tình trạng nghèo, được đo thông qua mức tiêu thụ thực phẩm trên đầu người tại Đông Uganda. Đẩy-kéo là một chiến lược quản lý môi trường cho việc quản lý tích hợp các loài gây hại (stemborers), cỏ dại striga và độ màu mỡ kém của đất, liên quan đến việc sử dụng một chất đuổi tự nhiên (đẩy) và một chất thu hút (kéo). Công nghệ sinh học này đồng thời giảm thiểu tác động của ba trở ngại sản xuất chính đối với nông nghiệp lúa mì và chăn nuôi gia súc tại châu Phi - sâu bọ, cỏ dại và độ màu mỡ đất kém. Dữ liệu khảo sát cắt ngang đã được thu thập từ 560 hộ gia đình ở bốn huyện trong khu vực (Busia, Tororo, Bugiri và Pallisa) vào tháng 11 và tháng 12 năm 2014. Phương pháp thang điểm xu hướng tổng quát (GPS) được sử dụng để xác định cường độ áp dụng công nghệ (tức là diện tích đất được phân bổ cho PPT) và để ước lượng hàm phản ứng theo liều lượng (DRF) liên quan đến cường độ áp dụng và phúc lợi hộ gia đình. Kết quả cho thấy với cường độ áp dụng PPT tăng lên, khả năng nghèo đói giảm xuống thông qua năng suất ngô tăng trên mỗi đơn vị diện tích, thu nhập và tiêu thụ thực phẩm trên đầu người. Tuy nhiên, tác động của nó thay đổi tùy thuộc vào cường độ áp dụng. Khi diện tích đất phân bổ cho PPT tăng từ 0,025 đến 1 acre, năng suất ngô trung bình trên mỗi đơn vị diện tích tăng từ 27 kg lên 1400 kg, thu nhập hộ gia đình trung bình tăng từ 135 USD (370.000 shilling Uganda (USh)) lên 273 USD (750.000 USh) và tiêu thụ thực phẩm trên đầu người tăng từ 15 USD (40.000 USh) lên 27 USD (75.000 USh). Khả năng trung bình của một hộ gia đình thuộc diện nghèo (dưới ngưỡng nghèo nông thôn là 12,71 USD) giảm từ 48% xuống còn 28%. Những phát hiện này cho thấy việc đầu tư nhiều hơn vào việc phổ biến và mở rộng PPT là rất cần thiết để giảm nghèo trong số các nông hộ nhỏ tại Uganda.

Từ khóa

#Công nghệ đẩy-kéo #quản lý dịch hại #năng suất nông nghiệp #thu nhập hộ gia đình #giảm nghèo

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