Genomic Structure and Promoter Sequence of the Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Autoantigen, IA-2 (PTPRN)

Boisclair, 1993, Three clustered Sp1 sites are required for efficient transcription of TATA-less promoter of the gene for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 from the rat, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 24892, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)74549-9 Chiang, 1996, PTP-NP, a new member of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase family, implicated in development of nervous system and pancreatic endocrine cells, Development, 122, 2239, 10.1242/dev.122.7.2239 Hall, 1988, Complete exon–intron organization of the human leukocyte common antigen (CD45) gene, J. Immunol., 141, 2781, 10.4049/jimmunol.141.8.2781 Hawa, 1997, Value of antibodies to islet protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule in predicting type 1 diabetes, Diabetes, 46, 1270, 10.2337/diab.46.8.1270 Johnson, 1989, Sequence conservation in potential regulatory regions of the mouse and human leukocyte common antigen gene, J. Biol. Chem., 264, 6220, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)83337-3 Krueger, 1990, Structural diversity and evolution of human receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases, EMBO J., 9, 3241, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07523.x Lampasona, 1996, Autoantibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes recognize distinct cytoplasmic domain of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 autoantigen, J. Immunol., 157, 2707, 10.4049/jimmunol.157.6.2707 Lan, 1994, Molecular cloning and identification of a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, IA-2, from insulinoma, DNA Cell Biol., 13, 505, 10.1089/dna.1994.13.505 Lan, 1996, Assignment of the IA-2 gene encoding an autoantigen in IDDM to chromosome 2q35, Diabetologia, 39, 1001, 10.1007/BF00403923 Lan, 1996, IA-2, a transmembrane protein of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, is a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 6367, 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6367 Li, 1997, Autoantigens in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Molecular cloning and characterization of human IA-2 beta, Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians, 109, 429 Lu, 1996, Identification of a second transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, IA-2β, as an autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Precursor of the 37-kDa tryptic fragment, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 2307, 10.1073/pnas.93.6.2307 Magistrelli, 1996, Substitution of two variant residues in the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like PTP35/IA-2 sequence reconstitutes catalytic activity, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 227, 581, 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1549 Merika, 1993, DNA-binding specificity of GATA family transcription factors, Mol. Cell Biol., 13, 3999, 10.1128/MCB.13.7.3999 Mount, 1982, A catalogue of splice junction sequence, Nucleic Acids Res., 10, 459, 10.1093/nar/10.2.459 Notkins, 1997, Comparison of IA-2 with IA-2β and with six other members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family: Recognition of antigenic determinants by IDDM sera, J. Autoimmun., 10, 245, 10.1006/jaut.1997.0132 Notkins, 1998, IA-2 and IA-2β: The immune response in IDDM, Diabetes/Metab. Rev., 14, 85, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0895(199803)14:1<85::AID-DMR205>3.0.CO;2-I O'Grady, 1994, Genomic organization of the human LAR protein tyrosine phosphatase gene and alternative splicing in the extracellular fibronectin type-III domains, J. Biol. Chem., 296, 25193, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31516-8 Pugh, 1990, Mechanism of transcriptional activation by Sp1: Evidence for coactivators, Cell, 61, 1187, 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90683-6 Shi, 1991, Transcriptional repression by YY1, a human GLI-Kruppel-related protein, and relief of repression by adenovirus E1A protein, Cell, 67, 377, 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90189-6 Solimena, 1996, CA 512, an autoantigen of type I diabetes, is an intrinsic membrane protein of neurosecretory granules, EMBO J., 15, 2102, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00564.x Wasmeier, 1996, Molecular cloning of phogrin, a protein-tyrosine phosphatase homologue localized to insulin secretory granule membranes, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 3183, 10.1074/jbc.271.30.18161 Wong, 1993, Leukocytes common antigen-related phosphatase (LRP) gene structure: Conservation of the genomic organization of transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases, Genomics, 17, 33, 10.1006/geno.1993.1279 Xie, 1997, Autoantibodies to IA-2 and IA-2 beta in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus recognize conformational epitopes: Location of the 37- and 40-kDa fragments determined, J. Immunol., 159, 3662, 10.4049/jimmunol.159.7.3662 Yamamoto, 1988, Phosphorylation-induced binding and transcriptional efficacy of nuclear factor CREB, Nature, 334, 494, 10.1038/334494a0 Zhang, 1997, Autoantibodies to IA-2 in IDDM: Location of major antigenic determinants, Diabetes, 46, 40, 10.2337/diab.46.1.40