Ảnh hưởng của động vật đến đặc điểm phát tán hạt giống ở New Zealand

Allan HH (1961) Flora of New Zealand 1: indigenous tracheophyta. Government Printer, Wellington Anderson AJ (1982) Habitat preferences of moa in central Otago, A.D. 1000–1500, according to palaeobotanical and archaeological evidence. J R Soc N Z 12:321–336 Atkinson IAE, Greenwood RM (1989) Relationship between moas and plants. N Z J Ecol 12:67–96 Atkinson IAE, Millener PH (1991) An ornithological glimpse into New Zealand’s pre-human past. In: Acta XX Congressus Ornithologici, vol 1. Wellington, NZ, pp 127–192 Barlow C (2000) The ghosts of evolution. Basic Books, New York Bascompte J, Jordano P, Melián CJ, Olesen JM (2003) The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:9383–9387 Bierregaard RO, Lovejoy TE, Kapos V, dos Santos AA, Hutchings RW (1992) The biological dynamics of tropical rainforest fragments. Bioscience 42:859–866 Bolmgren K, Eriksson O (2005) Fleshy fruits–origins, niche shifts, and diversification. Oikos 109:255–272 Bond WJ, Silander JA (2007) Springs and wire plants: anachronistic defences against Madagascar’s extinct elephant birds. Proc R Soc Lond B 274:1985–1992 Bond WJ, Lee WG, Craine JM (2004) Plant structural defences against browsing birds: a legacy of New Zealand’s extinct moas. Oikos 104:500–508 Bremer B, Eriksson O (1992) Evolution of fruit characters and dispersal modes in the tropical family Rubiaceae. Biol J Linnean Soc 47:79–95 Brown ED, Hopkins MJG (2002) Tests of disperser specificity between frugivorous birds and rainforest fruits in New Guinea. Emu 102:137–146 Burns KC (2006) Weta and the evolution of fleshy fruits in New Zealand. N Z J Ecol 30:405–406 Burrows CJ (1980) Some emperical information concerning the diet of moas. N Z J Ecol 3:125–130 Burrows CJ (1994) Fruit types and seed dispersal modes of woody plants in Ahuriri Summit Bush, Port Hills, western Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, New Zealand. N Z J Bot 32:169–181 Burrows CJ, McCulloch B, Trotter MM (1981) The diet of moas based on gizzard contents samples from Pyramid Valley, north Canterbury, and Scaifes Lagoon, Lake Wanaka, Otago. Rec Canterbury Mus 9:309–336 Chapple DG, Ritchie PA, Daugherty CH (2009) Origin, diversification, and systematic of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 52:470–487 Clout MN, Hay JR (1989) The importance of birds as browsers, pollinators and seed dispersers in New Zealand forests. N Z J Ecol 12:27–33 Cockayne L (1928) The vegetation of New Zealand, 2nd edn. Engelmann Press, Leipzig Cooper A, Atkinson IAE, Lee WG, Worthy TH (1993) Evolution of the moa and their effect on the New Zealand flora. Trends Ecol Evol 8:433–437 Daniel MJ (1976) Feeding by the short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) on fruit and possibly nectar. N Z J Zool 3:391–398 Daugherty CH, Patterson GB, Hitchmough RA (1994) Taxonomic and conservation review of the New Zealand herpetofauna. N Z J Zool 21:317–323 de Lange PJ, Norton DA, Heenan PB, Courtney S, Molloy BPJ, Ogle CC, Rance BD, Johnson PN, Hitchmough RA (2004) Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand. N Z J Bot 42:45–76 DeVlaming U, Proctor VW (1968) Dispersal of aquatic organisms: viability of seeds recovered from the droppings of captive killdeer and mallard ducks. Am J Bot 55:20–26 Diamond JM (1990) Biological effects of ghosts. Nature 345:769–770 Duthie C, Gibbs G, Burns KC (2006) Seed dispersal by weta. Science 311:1575 Eagle A (2006) Eagle’s complete trees and shrubs of New Zealand. Te Papa Press, Wellington Edgar E, Connor H (2000) Flora of New Zealand V: Graminae. Manaaki Whenua Press, Christchurch Eriksson O, Friis EM, Löfgren P (2000) Seed size, fruit size, and dispersal systems in Angiosperms from the early Cretaceous to the late Tertiary. Am Nat 156:47–58 Forsyth DM, Wilmshurst JM, Allen RB, Coomes DA (2010) Impacts of introduced deer and extinct moa on New Zealand ecosystems. N Z J Ecol 34:48–65 Franklin DC, Whitehead PJ, Pardon G, Matthews J, McMahon P, McIntyre D (2005) Geographic patterns and correlates of the decline of granivorous birds in northern Australia. Wildl Res 32:399–408 Froyd CA, Willis KJ (2008) Emerging issues in biodiversity and conservation management: the need for a palaeoecological perspective. Quat Sci Rev 27:1723–1732 Gibbs G (2007) Ghosts of Gondwana. Craig Potton Publishing, Nelson Givnish TJ (1998) Adaptive plant evolution on islands: classical patterns, molecular data, new insights. In: Grant PR (ed) Evolution on islands. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 281–304 Givnish TJ, Pires JC, Graham SW, McPherson MA, Prince LM, Patterson TB, Rai HS, Roalson EH, Evans TM, Hahn WJ, Millam KC, Meerow AW, Molvray M, Kores PJ, O’Brien HE, Hall JC, Kress WJ, Sytsma KJ (2005) Repeated evolution of net venation and fleshy fruits among monocots in shaded habitats confirms a priori predictions: evidence from an ndhF phylogeny. Proc R Soc Lond B 272:1481–1490 Grant PR (2001) Reconstructing the evolution of birds on islands: 100 years of research. Oikos 92:385–403 Green AJ, Figuerola J, Sánchez MI (2002) Implications of waterbird ecology for the dispersal of aquatic organisms. Acta Oecol 23:177–189 Greenwood RM, Atkinson IAE (1977) Evolution of divaricating plants in New Zealand in relation to moa browsing. Proc N Z Ecol Soc 24:21–33 Grubb PJ (1992) A positive distrust in simplicity–lessons from plant defences and from competition among plants and among animals. J Ecol 80:585–610 Grubb PJ (2003) Interpreting some outstanding features of the flora and vegetation of Madagascar. Persp Plant Ecol Evol Syst 6:125–146 Guo Q, Brown JH, Valone TJ, Kachman SD (2000) Constraints of seed size on plant distribution and abundance. Ecology 81:2149–2155 Hall GMJ, McGlone MS (2006) Potential forest cover of New Zealand as determined by an ecosystem process model. N Z J Bot 44:211–232 Heads M (1997) Regional patterns of biodiversity in New Zealand: one degree grid analysis of plant and animal distributions. J Roy Soc N Z 27:337–354 Hererra CM (1984) A study of avian frugivores, bird-dispersed plants, and their interaction in Mediterranean scrublands. Ecol Monogr 54:1–23 Herrera CM (1985) Determinants of plant-animal coevolution: the case of mutualistic dispersal of seeds by vertebrates. Oikos 44:132–141 Herrera CM (1992) Interspecific variation in fruit shape: allometry, phylogeny, and adaptation to dispersal agents. Ecology 73:1832–1841 Herrera CM (1998) Long-term dynamics of Mediterranean frugivorous birds and fleshy fruits: a 12-year study. Ecol Monogr 68:511–538 Holdaway RN (1999) Introduced predators and avifaunal extinction in New Zealand. In: MacPhee (ed) Extinctions in near time. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York Holdaway RN, Worthy TH, Tennyson ADJ (2001) A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact. N Z J Zool 28:119–187 Horrocks M, D’Costa D, Wallace R, Gardiner R, Kondo R (2004) Plant remains in coprolites: diet of a subalpine moa (Dinornithiformes) from southern New Zealand. Emu 104:149–156 Howe HF (1984) Implications of seed dispersal by animals for tropical reserve management. Biol Conserv 30:261–281 Hulme PE (2002) Seed-eaters: seed dispersal, destruction and demography. In: Levey D, Silva WR, Galetti M (eds) Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. CAB International, England, pp 257–273 Izhaki I, Safriel UN (1989) Why are there so few exclusively frugivorous birds? Experiments on fruit digestibility. Oikos 54:23–32 Janzen DH, Martin PS (1982) Neotropical anarchronisms: the fruits Gomphotheres ate. Science 215:19–27 Johnson PN, Rogers GM (2003) Ephemeral wetlands and their turfs in New Zealand. Science for Conservation. Department of Conservation, Wellington Jordano P (1995) Angiosperm fleshy fruits and seed dispersers: a comparative analysis of adaptation and constraints in plant-animal interactions. Am Nat 145:163–191 Kelly D, Ladley JJ, Robertson AW, Anderson SH, Wotton DM, Wiser SK (2010) Mutualisms with the wreckage of an avifauna: the status of bird pollination and fruit dispersal in New Zealand. N Z J Ecol 34:66–85 King PK (2000) Tectonic reconstructions of New Zealand: 40 Ma to the present. N Z J Geol Geophys 43:611–638 Kreft H, Jetz W (2007) Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:5925–5930 Kuschel G, Worthy TH (1996) Past distribution of large weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the South Island, New Zealand, based on Holocene fossil remains. N Z Entomol 19:15–22 Lee WG, Clout MN, Robertson HA, Wilson JB (1991) Avian dispersers and fleshy fruits in New Zealand. Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici, vol. III. Christchurch, New Zealand, 2–9 December 1990, pp 1617–1623 Lee DE, Lee WG, Mortimer N (2001) Where and why have all the flowers gone? Depletion and turnover in the New Zealand Cenozoic angiosperm flora in relation to palaeogeography and climate. Aust J Bot 49:341–356 Lee WG, Wood JR, Rogers GM (2010) Legacy of avian-dominated plant-herbivore systems in New Zealand. N Z J Ecol 34:28–47 Leishman MR, Murray BR (2001) The relationship between seed size and abundance in plant communities: model predictions and observed patterns. Oikos 94:151–161 Lloyd DG (1985) Progress in understanding the natural history of New Zealand plants. N Z J Bot 23:707–722 Loiselle BA, Blake JG (2002) Potential consequences of extinction of frugivorous birds for shrubs of a tropical wet forest. In: Levey DJ, Silva WR, Galetti M (eds) Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. CAB International, England, pp 397–406 Lord J (1999) Fleshy-fruitedness in the New Zealand flora. J Biogeogr 26:1249–1253 Lord JM (2004) Frugivore gape size and the evolution of fruit size and shape in southern hemisphere floras. Aust Ecol 29:430–436 Lord JM, Marshall J (2001) Correlations between growth form, habitat, and fruit colour in the New Zealand flora, with reference to frugivory by lizards. N Z J Bot 39:567–576 Lord JM, Markey AS, Marshall J (2002) Have frugivores influenced the evolution of fruit traits in New Zealand? In: Levey DJ, Silva WR, Galetti M (eds) Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. CAB International, England McGlone MS (1985) Plant biogeography and the late Cenozoic history of New Zealand. N Z J Bot 23:723–749 McGlone MS, Duncan RP, Heenan PB (2001) Endemism, species selection and the origin and distribution of the vascular flora of New Zealand. J Biogeogr 28:199–216 McLoughlin S (2001) The breakup history of Gondwana and its impact on pre-Cenozoic floristic provincialism. Aust J Bot 49:271–300 Madge S, Burn H (1999) Crows and Jays. Christopher Helm, London Meehan HJ, McConkey KR, Drake DR (2002) Potential disruptions to seed dispersal mutualisms in Tonga, Western Polynesia. J Biogeogr 29:695–712 Moles AT, Westoby M (2004) What do seedlings die from and what are the implications for evolution of seed size? Oikos 106:193–199 Molloy BPJ, Burrows CJ, Cox JE, Johnston JA, Wardle P (1963) Distribution of subfossil forest remains, eastern South Island, New Zealand. N Z J Bot 1:68–77 Moore LB, Edgar E (1970) Flora of New Zealand II: indigenous tracheophyta–monocotyledons (Excluding Graminae). Government Printer, Wellington Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA, Dunavan S (2008) What is coevolution? The case of the ground weta and fleshy fruits in New Zealand. N Z J Ecol 312:108–112 Mortimer N (2004) New Zealand’s geological foundations. Gondwana Res 7:261–272 Morton ES (1973) On the evolutionary advantages and disadvantages of fruit eating in tropical birds. Am Nat 107:8–22 Mueller MH, van der Valk AG (2002) The potential role of ducks in wetland seed dispersal. Wetlands 22:170–178 Murray PF, Vickers-Rich P (2004) Magnificent mihirungs: the colossal flightless birds of the Australian dreamtime. Indiana University Press, Bloomington Noble JC (1991) On ratites and their interactions with plants. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 64:85–118 O’Donnell CFJ, Dilks PJ (1994) Foods and foraging of forest birds in temperate rainforest, south Westland, New Zealand. N Z J Ecol 18:87–107 Olesen JM, Valido A (2003) Lizards as pollinators and seed dispersers: an island phenomenon. Trends Ecol Evol 18:177–181 Outred HA (2002) Travelling seeds? Examples from New Zealand. Biologist 49:173–178 Quinn GP, Keough MJ (2002) Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Redford KH (1992) The empty forest. Bioscience 42:412–422 Rogers G, Overton J (2000) Regional patterns of plant species richness in southern New Zealand. N Z J Bot 38:609–627 Rogers G, Walker S (2005) Evolution of the New Zealand vascular flora: regional and provincial patterns of richness, radiation, and endemism. N Z J Bot 43:381–414 Rogers G, Walker S, Lee B (2005) The role of disturbance in dryland New Zealand: past and present. Science for Conservation 258. Department of Conservation, Wellington Seddon PJ, Soorae PS, Launay F (2005) Taxonomic bias in reintroduction projects. Animal Conserv 8:51–58 Snow DW (1981) Tropical frugivorous birds and their food plants: a world survey. Biotropica 13:1–14 Sorenson AE (1986) Seed dispersal by adhesion. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 17:443–463 Stiles EW (1992) Animals as seed dispersers. In: Fenner M (ed) Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CAB International, pp 87–104 Stocker GC, Irvine AK (1983) Seed dispersal by cassowaries (Casuarius casuarius) in north Queensland’s rainforests. Biotropica 15:170–176 Sturman AP, McGowan HA, Spronken-Smith RA (1999) Mesoscale and local climates in New Zealand. Prog Physical Geogr 23:611–635 Tennyson A, Martinson P (2006) Extinct birds of New Zealand. Te Papa Press, Wellington Thorsen MJ (2010) Seed dispersal in New Zealand, and its vulnerability to loss of dispersers. Unpub. PhD Thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin Thorsen MJ, Dickinson KJM, Seddon PJ (2009) Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 11:285–309 Towns DR, Daugherty CH (1994) Patterns of range contractions and extinctions in the New Zealand herpetofauna following human colonisation. N Z J Zool 21:325–339 Wardle P (1963) Evolution and distribution of the New Zealand flora, as affected by Quaternary climates. N Z J Bot 1:3–17 Wardle P (1991) Vegetation of New Zealand. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Webb CO, Peart DR (2001) High seed dispersal rates in faunally intact tropical rainforest: theoretical and conservation implications. Ecol Lett 4:491–499 Webb CJ, Simpson MJA (2001) Seeds of New Zealand gymnosperms and dicotyledons. Manuka Press, Christchurch Webb CJ, Sykes WR, Garnock-Jones PJ (1988) Flora of New Zealand IV: naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. D.S.I.R, Christchurch Wellman H (1994) Hypothesis: Moas’s Gizzard Stones and New Zealand Plants: a Geologists Viewpoint. N Z Sci Rev 51:56–59 Wheelwright NT (1985) Fruit size, gape width, and the diets of fruit-eating birds. Ecology 66:808–818 Wheelwright NT (1991) Frugivory and seed dispersal: ‘La coevolución ha muerto—¡Viva la coevolución!’ Trends Ecol Evol 6:312–313 Whitaker AH (1987) The roles of lizards in New Zealand plant reproductive strategies. N Z J Bot 25:315–328 Whittaker RJ, Jones SH (1994) The role of frugivorous bats and birds in the rebuilding of a tropical forest ecosystem, Krakatau, Indonesia. J Biogeogr 21:245–258 Winkworth RC, Wagstaff SJ, Glenny D, Lockhart PJ (2002) Plant dispersal N.E.W.S. from New Zealand. Trends Ecol Evol 17:514–520 Wood JR, Rawlence NJ, Rogers GM, Austin JJ, Worth TH, Cooper A (2008) Coprolite deposits reveal the diet and ecology of the extinct New Zealand megaherbivore moa (Aves, Dinornithiformes). Quat Sci Rev 27:2593–2602 Worthy TH (1983) Subfossil insects–a key to past diversity. Weta 6:42–43 Worthy TH, Holdaway RN (2002) The lost world of the moa. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch Wotton DM, Ladley JM (2008) Fruit size preference in the New Zealand pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae). Austral Ecol 33:341–347 Wrangham RW, Chapman CA, Chapman LJ (1994) Seed dispersal by forest chimpanzees in Uganda. J Trop Ecol 10:355–368