Experience and attitudes of pharmacists towards challenges and adaptive measures to new norm in ward pharmacy practice during the COVID-19 pandemic
Tóm tắt
COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges to the ward pharmacy practice. Challenges arose due to new norms in the ward pharmacy practice. Adaptive measures to overcome these challenges were important to sustain the quality of pharmaceutical care. This study aimed to identify the perceived challenges and attitudes towards adaptive measures in the ward pharmacy practice during the COVID-19 pandemic and determined their association with pharmacists’ characteristics. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 Perak state hospitals and 12 primary health clinics through an online survey. All ward pharmacists and trainee pharmacists with at least 1 month of ward pharmacy experience and working in government-funded health facilities were included. The validated survey tool consisted of demographic characteristics, pharmacists’ experience towards challenges (22 items), and their attitude towards adaptive measures (9 items). Each item was measured based on a 5-point Likert scale. One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were employed to determine the association of pharmacists’ characteristics against their experience and attitude. Out of 175 respondents, 144 (81.8%) were female, and 84 (47.7%) were Chinese. Most pharmacists served in the medical ward (124, 70.5%). Commonly reported perceived challenges were difficulties in counselling medication devices (3.63 ± 1.06), difficulties in clerking medication history from family members (3.63 ± 0.99), contacting family members (3.46 ± 0.90), patient’s digital illiteracy in virtual counselling (3.43 ± 1.11) and completeness of the electronic records (3.36 ± 0.99). For attitude towards adaptive measures, improving internet connection (4.62 ± 0.58), ensuring availability of multilingual counselling videos (4.45 ± 0.64), and provision of internet-enabled mobile devices (4.39 ± 0.76) were the most agreeable by the pharmacists. Male (AOR: 2.63, CI 1.12–6.16, p = 0.026) and master’s degree holders (AOR: 2.79, CI 0.95–8.25, p = 0.063) had greater odds of high perceived challenging experience scores. Master’s degree holders (AOR: 8.56, CI 1.741–42.069, p = 0.008) were also more likely to have a positive attitude score towards adaptive measures. Pharmacists faced multiple challenges in the ward pharmacy practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in medication history assessment and patient counselling. Pharmacists, especially those with higher levels of education and longer tenure, exhibited a higher level of agreement towards the adaptive measures. The positive attitudes of pharmacists towards various adaptive measures, such as improvement of internet infrastructure and digital health literacy among patients and family members, warrant immediate action plans from health authorities.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=Acta Bio-Medica Atenei Parm; citation_title=WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic; citation_author=D Cucinotta, M Vanelli; citation_volume=91; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=157-160; citation_id=CR1
citation_journal_title=Int J Clin Pharm; citation_title=Burnout and the challenges facing pharmacists during COVID-19: results of a national survey; citation_author=K Johnston, CL O’Reilly, B Scholz; citation_volume=43; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=716-725; citation_doi=10.1007/s11096-021-01268-5; citation_id=CR2
Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: The Journey. A Report by the Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
citation_journal_title=Sarawak J Pharm; citation_title=Roles and challenges of pharmacists in the public healthcare institutions of Malaysia amidst Covid-19 pandemic; citation_author=AAJ Abu Hassan, A Kamaruddin, O Nor Anizah; citation_volume=6; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=1-6; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=J Am Coll Clin Pharm JACCP; citation_title=“To be or not to be in the ward”: The impact of COVID-19 on the role of hospital-based clinical pharmacists—a qualitative study; citation_author=MWL Cheong; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=1458-1463; citation_doi=10.1002/jac5.1315; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=JACCP J Am Coll Clin Pharm; citation_title=Roles of the clinical pharmacist during the COVID -19 pandemic; citation_author=AE Gross, C MacDougall; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=564-566; citation_doi=10.1002/jac5.1231; citation_id=CR6
citation_journal_title=Res Soc Adm Pharm; citation_title=Fighting against COVID-19: Innovative strategies for clinical pharmacists; citation_author=H Li, S Zheng, F Liu, W Liu, R Zhao; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=1813-1818; citation_doi=10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.003; citation_id=CR7
Guidelines for Inpatient Pharmacy Practice. Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2010.
citation_journal_title=Malays J Pharm.; citation_title=Clinical-pharmacist-in-a-covid-19-hospital-a-malaysian-experience; citation_author=HI Rosli, LT Pee, PF Chong; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=3-6; citation_doi=10.52494/MWHH2973; citation_id=CR9
Annex 21: Management of healthcare worker (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic, Ministry of health Malaysia
citation_journal_title=Pharmacy; citation_title=the role of hospital and community Pharmacists in the Management of COVID-19: towards an expanded definition of the roles, responsibilities, and duties of the pharmacist; citation_author=NL Bragazzi, M Mansour, A Bonsignore; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=140; citation_doi=10.3390/pharmacy8030140; citation_id=CR11
citation_journal_title=J Pharm Policy Pract; citation_title=Pharmacy preparedness in handling COVID-19 pandemic: a sharing experience from a Malaysian tertiary hospital; citation_author=KS Thong, M Selvaratanam, CP Tan, MF Cheah, HL Oh, PM Lee; citation_volume=14; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=61; citation_doi=10.1186/s40545-021-00343-6; citation_id=CR12
citation_journal_title=Malays J Med Sci.; citation_title=Challenges and changes of pharmacy practice during the COVID-19 crisis in Malaysia: instability as an opportunity; citation_author=MS Gill; citation_volume=28; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=171-176; citation_doi=10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.16; citation_id=CR13
citation_journal_title=J Pharm Policy Pract.; citation_title=Pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan; citation_author=null Hussain; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=74; citation_doi=10.1186/s40545-020-00277-5; citation_id=CR14
citation_journal_title=Res Soc Adm Pharm; citation_title=Role of pharmacist during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review; citation_author=MB Visacri, IV Figueiredo, TM Lima; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=1799-1806; citation_doi=10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.003; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=J Exp Psychopathol; citation_title=Best practices for using median splits, artificial categorization, and their continuous alternatives; citation_author=J Coster, M Gallucci, A-MR Iselin; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=197-209; citation_doi=10.5127/jep.008310; citation_id=CR16
citation_journal_title=Br J Pharm; citation_title=Pharmacist-patient communication amid COVID-19 pandemic: A review of available options and potential impact; citation_author=CS Kow, SS Hasan; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_doi=10.5920/bjpharm.836; citation_id=CR17
citation_journal_title=Res Soc Adm Pharm; citation_title=Interactive virtual medication counselling in outpatient pharmacy: an accessible and safe patient counselling method during the COVID-19 pandemic; citation_author=W-Y Yong, C-T Chang, C-C Chew, T-E Khoo; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=1860-1862; citation_doi=10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.002; citation_id=CR18
citation_journal_title=Can Pharm J Rev Pharm Can; citation_title=Innovations in practice: Telepharmacy’s time has arrived; citation_author=RM Killeen, K Grindrod, SW Ong; citation_volume=153; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=252-255; citation_id=CR19
citation_journal_title=Pharmacy; citation_title=Telepharmacy during COVID-19: a scoping review; citation_author=EJ Unni, K Patel, IR Beazer, M Hung; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=183; citation_doi=10.3390/pharmacy9040183; citation_id=CR20
citation_journal_title=PLoS ONE; citation_title=Barriers and facilitators to patient-centred care in pharmacy consultations: a qualitative study with Malaysian hospital pharmacists and patients; citation_author=YK Ng, N Mohamed Shah, LS Loong, LT Pee, WW Chong; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0258249; citation_id=CR21
citation_journal_title=Res Soc Adm Pharm; citation_title=The impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy transitions of care services; citation_author=KA Herzik, L Bethishou; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=1908-1912; citation_doi=10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.10.017; citation_id=CR22
citation_journal_title=J Consum Health Internet; citation_title=Providing access to multilingual patient education materials; citation_author=N Askin; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=305-312; citation_doi=10.1080/15398285.2017.1353289; citation_id=CR23
citation_journal_title=J Health Commun; citation_title=Medium of language in discharge summaries: would the use of native language improve patients’ knowledge of their illness and medications?; citation_author=KYS Perera, P Ranasinghe, AMMC Adikari, B Balagobi, GR Constantine, S Jayasinghe; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=141-148; citation_doi=10.1080/10810730.2011.585926; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Res Soc Adm Pharm; citation_title=Medication management and adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives and experiences from low-and middle-income countries; citation_author=IA Kretchy, M Asiedu-Danso, J-P Kretchy; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=2023-2026; citation_doi=10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.007; citation_id=CR25
citation_journal_title=J Am Med Inform Assoc; citation_title=Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinician ambulatory electronic health record use; citation_author=AJ Holmgren, NL Downing, M Tang, C Sharp, C Longhurst, RS Huckman; citation_volume=29; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_pages=453-460; citation_doi=10.1093/jamia/ocab268; citation_id=CR26
citation_journal_title=J Pharm Policy Pract.; citation_title=Needs assessment and impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy professionals in 31 commonwealth countries; citation_author=D Ashiru-Oredope, AHY Chan, O Olaoye, V Rutter, ZUD Babar; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=72; citation_doi=10.1186/s40545-020-00275-7; citation_id=CR27
citation_journal_title=BMC Public Health; citation_title=Using mobile phones to improve community health workers performance in low-and-middle-income countries; citation_author=A Feroz, R Jabeen, S Saleem; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=49; citation_doi=10.1186/s12889-020-8173-3; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=J Pharm Care.; citation_title=The shifting landscape of pharmaceutical care-during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic; citation_author=Z Karimian, K Gholami; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_doi=10.18502/jpc.v8i3.4541; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=Fam Community Health; citation_title=Disparities in technology and broadband internet access across rurality: implications for health and education; citation_author=JM Graves, DA Abshire, S Amiri, JL Mackelprang; citation_volume=44; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=257-265; citation_id=CR30
citation_journal_title=BMC Fam Pract; citation_title=Telehealth challenges during COVID-19 as reported by primary healthcare physicians in Quebec and Massachusetts; citation_author=M Breton, EE Sullivan, N Deville-Stoetzel, D McKinstry, M DePuccio, A Sriharan; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=192; citation_doi=10.1186/s12875-021-01543-4; citation_id=CR31
citation_journal_title=Pharmacia; citation_title=Opportunities of information communication technologies for providing pharmaceutical care in the COVID-19 pandemic; citation_author=K Kilova, A Mihaylova, L Peikova; citation_volume=68; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=9-14; citation_doi=10.3897/pharmacia.68.e56987; citation_id=CR32
citation_journal_title=Integr Pharm Res Pract; citation_title=Telepharmacy: a pharmacist's perspective on the clinical benefits and challenges; citation_author=A Poudel, LM Nissen; citation_volume=26; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=75-82; citation_doi=10.2147/IPRP.S101685; citation_id=CR33
citation_journal_title=Front Public Health; citation_title=Multilevel engagements of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: the way forward; citation_author=TH Mallhi, A Liaqat, A Abid, YH Khan, NH Alotaibi, AI Alzarea; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_doi=10.3389/fpubh.2020.561924; citation_id=CR34
Canadian Pharmacists Association. National survey of community pharmacists and practice challenges during COVID-19 [Internet]. COVID-19: Information for Pharmacists - English. 2020.
https://www.pharmacists.ca/cpha-ca/assets/File/cpha-on-the-issues/Infographic_National_Survey_COVID.pdf
. Accessed 17 Jun 2020.
citation_journal_title=Lancet Psychiatry; citation_title=The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus; citation_author=L Kang, Y Li, S Hu, M Chen, C Yang, BX Yang; citation_volume=7; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X; citation_id=CR36
citation_journal_title=J of Pharm Policy and Pract; citation_title=Mental health issues impacting pharmacists during COVID-19; citation_author=A Elbeddini, CX Wen, Y Tayefehchamani; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=46; citation_doi=10.1186/s40545-020-00252-0; citation_id=CR37
citation_journal_title=Hum Resour Health; citation_title=Gender differences in the measurement of pharmacists’ job satisfaction; citation_author=MJ Carvajal, I Popovici, PC Hardigan; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=33; citation_doi=10.1186/s12960-018-0297-5; citation_id=CR38
citation_journal_title=Pharm Pract; citation_title=Gender, age, and pharmacists’ job satisfaction; citation_author=MJ Carvajal, I Popovici; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=1396; citation_id=CR39
citation_journal_title=BioMed Res Int; citation_title=Assessment of knowledge and attitude among pharmacists toward pharmaceutical care in Eastern Ethiopia; citation_author=KM Mishore, AN Mekuria, A Tola, Y Ayele; citation_volume=2020; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=1-7; citation_doi=10.1155/2020/7657625; citation_id=CR40
citation_journal_title=Procedia - Soc Behav Sci; citation_title=The role of gender in pharmacists attitudes towards E-pharmacy application; citation_author=O Alaşehir, E Sezgin, S Özkan; citation_volume=83; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=1111-1115; citation_doi=10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.208; citation_id=CR41
citation_journal_title=Front Public Health; citation_title=Impact of an educational training program on the knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers of community pharmacists towards obesity and overweight management in Malaysia; citation_author=RK Verma, WW Chong, NA Taha, T Paraidathathu; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_doi=10.3389/fpubh.2021.720939; citation_id=CR42