Epidemiology of community-onset Clostridium difficile infection in a community in the South of England

Owens, 2008, Antimicrobial-associated risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 46, 19, 10.1086/521859

T. LaMont, Epidemiology, microbiology, and pathophysiology of Clostridium difficile infection, UpToDate 2008. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do?topicKey=∼PcZvVbHmEOfOyw [last accessed 26.10.09].

Bignardi, 1998, Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection, Journal of Hospital Infections, 40, 1, 10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90019-6

Johnson, 1999, Epidemics of diarrhea caused by a clindamycin-resistant strain of Clostridium difficile in four hospitals, New England Journal of Medicine, 341, 1645, 10.1056/NEJM199911253412203

Delaney, 2007, Antimicrobial drugs and community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease, UK, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13, 761, 10.3201/eid1305.061124

Bauer, 2008, Community-onset Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea not associated with antibiotic usage: two case reports with review of the changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, The Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 66, 207

Monaghan, 2008, Recent advances in Clostridium difficile-associated disease, Gut, 57, 850

Fraser, 2009, Necessary but not sufficient: a comparison of surveillance definitions of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 30, 377, 10.1086/596505

Dial, 2008, Patterns of antibiotic use and risk of hospital admission because of Clostridium difficile infection, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 179, 767, 10.1503/cmaj.071812

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2005;54:1201–5.

Department of Health and Health Protection Agency. Clostridium difficile infection: how to deal with the problem. London: Department of Health; 2009.

Kuijper, 2008, Commentary: spectrum of Clostridium difficile infections outside health care facilities, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 179, 747, 10.1503/cmaj.081211

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Surveillance for community-associated Clostridium difficile. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2008;57:340-3.

Food Standards Agency. A report of the study of infectious intestinal disease in England. London: The Stationery Office; 2000.

Adamson, 2003, Ethnicity, socio-economic position and gender – do they affect reported health-care seeking behaviour?, Social Science and Medicine, 57, 895, 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00458-6

Tam, 2003, The study of infectious intestinal disease in England: what risk factors for presentation to general practice tell us about potential for selection bias in case-control studies of reported cases of diarrhoea, International Journal of Epidemiology, 32, 99, 10.1093/ije/dyg007

Health Protection Agency, Infectious Diarrhoea – the role of microbiological examination of faeces. Available from: http://www.hpa.org.uk/Topics/InfectiousDiseases/InfectionsAZ/PrimaryCareGuidance/ [accessed 21.06.10].

National Clostridium difficile Standards Group. Report to the Department of Health. Journal of Hospital Infections 2004;56:1–34.