Các nghiên cứu thực nghiệm về các yếu tố liên quan đến suy dinh dưỡng trẻ em: nhấn mạnh bằng chứng về cú sốc do khí hậu và xung đột

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 12 Số 6 - Trang 1241-1252 - 2020
Brown, Molly E.1, Backer, David2, Billing, Trey2, White, Peter3, Grace, Kathryn4, Doocy, Shannon5, Huth, Paul2
1Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
2Department of Government & Politics and Center for International Development and Conflict Management, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
3Department of Political Science, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
4Department of Geography, Environment, and Society, Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
5International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

Tóm tắt

Trẻ em có chế độ dinh dưỡng kém trong 1000 ngày đầu đời dễ bị tổn thương hơn với bệnh tật và tử vong trong thời gian ngắn, cũng như có năng suất và khả năng lao động thấp hơn khi trưởng thành. Những vấn đề này thúc đẩy nghiên cứu nhằm xác định các yếu tố chính và cơ bản ảnh hưởng đến nguy cơ suy dinh dưỡng ở trẻ em. Dựa trên một tìm kiếm có cấu trúc từ các tài liệu hiện có, chúng tôi đã xác định 90 nghiên cứu sử dụng phân tích thống kê để đánh giá mối quan hệ giữa các yếu tố tiềm năng và các chỉ số chính của suy dinh dưỡng trẻ em: chiều cao thấp, gầy còm và thiếu cân. Đánh giá của chúng tôi xác định rằng gầy còm, một chỉ số của suy dinh dưỡng cấp tính, chưa được nghiên cứu đầy đủ so với các chỉ số khác. Chúng tôi tóm tắt bằng chứng về mối quan hệ giữa suy dinh dưỡng trẻ em và nhiều yếu tố ở các cấp độ cá nhân, hộ gia đình, khu vực/cộng đồng và quốc gia. Kết quả của chúng tôi chỉ ra rằng chỉ một mối quan hệ nhất định là có ý nghĩa thống kê, với các dấu hiệu nhất quán, qua nhiều nghiên cứu. Trong số các yếu tố dự đoán nhất quán về suy dinh dưỡng trẻ em là cú sốc do biến động điều kiện khí hậu (được đo bằng các chỉ số về nhiệt độ, lượng mưa và thảm thực vật) và xung đột bạo lực. Nghiên cứu về mối quan hệ giữa xung đột bạo lực và gầy còm còn hạn chế. Hiểu biết sâu sắc hơn về các biến số liên quan đến suy dinh dưỡng trẻ em sẽ hỗ trợ các tiến bộ trong mô hình dự đoán rủi ro và mức độ nghiêm trọng của khủng hoảng suy dinh dưỡng, đồng thời nâng cao hiệu quả của các phản ứng từ cộng đồng phát triển và nhân đạo.

Từ khóa

#suy dinh dưỡng trẻ em #gầy còm #chiều cao thấp #biến động khí hậu #xung đột bạo lực #mô hình dự đoán

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