Efficacy and Safety of Oral Minoxidil 5 mg Once Daily in the Treatment of Male Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia: An Open-Label and Global Photographic Assessment

Gilmore E, Weil J, Chidsey C. Treatment of essential hypertension with a new vasodilator in combination with beta-adrenergic blockade. N Engl J Med. 1970;282(10):521–7.

Hagstam KE, Lundgren R, Wieslander J. Clinical experience of long-term treatment with minoxidil in severe arterial hypertension. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1982;16(1):57–63.

Devine BL, Fife R, Trust PM. Minoxidil for severe hypertension after failure of other hypotensive drugs. Br Med J. 1977;2(6088):667–9.

Jimenez-Cauhe J, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R, et al. Effectiveness and safety of low-dose oral minoxidil in male androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81:648–9.

Tanaka Y, Aso T, Ono J, Hosoi R, Kaneko T. Androgenetic alopecia treatment in Asian men. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2018;11(7):32–5.

Wester RC, Maibach HI, Guy RH, Novak E. Minoxidil stimulates cutaneous blood flow in human balding scalps: pharmacodynamics measured by laser Doppler velocimetry and photopulse plethysmography. J Invest Dermatol. 1984;82(5):515–7.

Messenger AG, Rundegren J. Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair growth. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150(2):186–94.

Mori O, Uno H. The effect of topical minoxidil on hair follicular cycles of rats. J Dermatol. 1990;17(5):276–81.

Badri T, Nessel TA, Kumar DD. Minoxidil. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2020.

Bardelli A, Rebora A. Telogen effluvium and minoxidil. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;21(3 Pt 1):572–3.

Sinclair RD. Female pattern hair loss: a pilot study investigating combination therapy with low-dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(1):104–9.

Jimenez-Cauhe J, Saceda-Corralo D, Rodrigues-Barata R, et al. Effectiveness and safety of low-dose oral minoxidil in male androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(2):648–9.

Aldhalimi MA, Hadi NR, Ghafil FA. Promotive effect of topical ketoconazole, minoxidil, and minoxidil with tretinoin on hair growth in male mice. ISRN Pharmacol. 2014;2014:575423.

Therianou A, Vincenzi C, Tosti A. How safe is prescribing oral minoxidil in patients allergic to topical minoxidil? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.027.

Karnik P, Shah S, Dvorkin-Wininger Y, Oshtory S, Mirmirani P. Microarray analysis of androgenetic and senescent alopecia: comparison of gene expression shows two distinct profiles. J Dermatol Sci. 2013;72(2):183–6.

Mirmirani P. Age-related hair changes in men: mechanisms and management of alopecia and graying. Maturitas. 2015;80(1):58–62.

Leyden J, Dunlap F, Miller B, et al. Finasteride in the treatment of men with frontal male pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;40(6 Pt 1):930–7.

Shin JW, Chung EH, Kim MB, Kim TO, Kim WI, Huh CH. Evaluation of long-term efficacy of finasteride in Korean men with androgenetic alopecia using the basic and specific classification system. J Dermatol. 2019;46(2):139–43.

Zhou Z, Song S, Gao Z, Wu J, Ma J, Cui Y. The efficacy and safety of dutasteride compared with finasteride in treating men with androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:399–406.

Baral J. Scalp comedones after topical minoxidil. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985;13(6):1051–2.

Peluso AM, Misciali C, Vincenzi C, Tosti A. Diffuse hypertrichosis during treatment with 5% topical minoxidil. Br J Dermatol. 1997;136(1):118–20.

Dawber RP, Rundegren J. Hypertrichosis in females applying minoxidil topical solution and in normal controls. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2003;17(3):271–5.

Benmously Mlika R, Ben Hamida M, Hammami H, Dorbani Ben Thabet I, Rouatbi M, Mokhtar I. Long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of facial hypertrichosis during topical minoxidil therapy. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2013;15(4):217–8.

Keusch GW, Weidmann P, Campese V, Lee DB, Upham AT, Massry SG. Minoxidil therapy in refractory hypertension analysis of 155 patients. Nephron. 1978;21(1):1–15.

Linas SL, Nies AS. Minoxidil. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94(1):61–5.

Franciosa JA, Jordan RA, Wilen MM, Leddy CL. Minoxidil in patients with chronic left heart failure: contrasting hemodynamic and clinical effects in a controlled trial. Circulation. 1984;70(1):63–8.

Miller DD, Love DW. Evaluation of minoxidil. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1980;37(6):808–14.

Lowenthal DT, Affrime MB. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of minoxidil. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1980;2(Suppl 2):S93–106.

Kosman ME. Evaluation of a new antihypertensive agent. Minoxidil. JAMA. 1980;244(1):73–5.

Hall D, Charocopos F, Froer KL, Rudolph W. ECG changes during long-term minoxidil therapy for severe hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139(7):790–4.