Effects of host and parasitoid age on search behaviour and oviposition rates inLariophagus distinguendus Förster (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Tóm tắt
Oviposition rates and related behaviours were quantified forLariophagus distinguendus
Förster attackingCalosobruchus chinensis (L.) andC. maculatus (F.). Oviposition rates varied with parasitoid age; parasitoids aged 1–7 days laid approximately twice as many eggs per day as those aged 8–14 days. Similar differences were noted in search rates and handling times; younger parasitoids had higher attack rates and lower handling times than older parasitoids. Search rates and handling times also varied with the host stage available for attack. Search rates were higher and handling times were lower on larger stages. The results are discussed with reference to their impact on the dynamical behavior of insect parasitoid-host populations.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bellows, T. S., Jr. (1979)The Modelling of Competition and Parasitism in Laboratory Insect Populations. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of London.
Bellows, T. S., Jr. (1982) Simulation models for laboratory populations ofCallosobruchus chinensis andC. maculatus.J. Anim. Ecol.,51: 597–623.
Bellows, T. S., Jr. (1985) Effects of host age and host availability on developmental period, adult size, sex ratio, longevity and fecundity inLariophagus distinguendus Förster (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).Res. Popul. Ecol. 27: 55–64.
Hassell, M. P. (1978)The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator Prey Systems. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
May, R. M., M. P. Hassell, R. M. Anderson andD. H. Tonkyn (1981) Density dependence in host-parasitoid models.J. Anim. Ecol.,50: 855–865.
Nicholson, A. J. (1933) The balance of animal populations.J. Anim. Ecol. 2: 132–178.
Rogers, D. J. (1972) Random search and insect population models,J. Anim. Ecol. 41: 369–382.
Thompson, D. J. (1978) Prey size selection by larvae of the damselfly,Ishmura elegans (Odonata).J. Anim. Ecol. 47: 769–785.