Effect of leading-edge tubercles on the flow over low-aspect-ratio wings at low Reynolds number

Bushnell, 1991, Drag reduction in nature, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 23, 65, 10.1146/annurev.fl.23.010191.000433 Fish, 1995, Hydrodynamic design of the humpback whale flipper, J. Morphol., 225, 51, 10.1002/jmor.1052250105 Miklosovic, 2004, Leading-edge tubercles delay stall on humpback whale flippers, Phys. Fluids., 16, 39, 10.1063/1.1688341 Johari, 2007, Effects of leading-edge protuberances on airfoil performance, AIAA J, 45, 2634, 10.2514/1.28497 Chen, 2013, Effects of variable sinusoidal leading-edge on the aerodynamic performance of a straight wing, J. Exp. Fluid Mech., 27, 7 D. Custodio, The effects of humpback whale-like leading-edge protuberances on Airfoil Performance, Master's Thesis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (2007). Wei, 2015, An experimental study on flow separation control of hydrofoils with leading-edge tubercles at low Reynolds number, Ocean Eng, 108, 336, 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.08.004 Wei, 2016, A proper orthogonal decomposition study on the unsteady flow behavior of a hydrofoil with leading-edge tubercles, Ocean Eng, 121, 356, 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.05.043 Pérez-Torró, 2017, A large-eddy simulation on a deep-stalled aerofoil with a wavy leading edge, J. Fluid Mech., 813, 23, 10.1017/jfm.2016.841 Wei, 2019, Leading-edge tubercles delay flow separation for a tapered swept-back wing at very low Reynolds number, Ocean Eng, 181, 173, 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.04.018 Chen, 2012 Raffel, 2018 Champagnat, 2011, Fast and accurate PIV computation using highly parallel iterative correlation maximization, Exp. Fluids., 50, 1169, 10.1007/s00348-011-1054-x Pan, 2015, Evaluating the accuracy performance of lucas-kanade algorithm in the circumstance of PIV application, Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron., 58, 10.1007/s11433-015-5719-y Lumley, 1967, The structure of inhomogeneous turbulence, Atmosph. Turbul. Radio Wave Propag, 166 1987, Turbulence and dynamics of coherent structures part I: coherent structures, Quart. Appl. Math., 45, 561, 10.1090/qam/910462 Lengani, 2014, POD analysis of the unsteady behavior of a laminar separation bubble, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 58, 70, 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.06.012 Garmann, 2017