Effect of Dry Litter and Airflow in Reducing Salmonella and Escherichia coli Populations in the Broiler Production Environment

Opara, 1992, Correlation of water activity and other environmental conditions with repeated detection of Salmonella contamination on poultry farms, Avian Dis., 36, 664, 10.2307/1591762 Carr, 1995, Prevalence of Salmonella in broiler flocks: Effect of litter water activity, house construction, and watering devices, Avian Dis., 39, 39, 10.2307/1591980 Mallinson, 1995, 1 Mallinson, 2000, A management technique to identify prime locations of Salmonella contamination on broiler and layer farms, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 9, 364, 10.1093/japr/9.3.364 Pacer Industries, Inc., Model No. HTA-4200, Chippewa Falls, WI 54729. Carr, 1994, The influence of water activity on Salmonella presence in broiler operations, Appl. Eng. Agric., 10, 403, 10.13031/2013.25869 Nalgene, Rochester, NY 14830. Snap-Seal Container, No. 1730 series, Science Product Div., Corning, Inc., Corning, NY 14830. Mallinson, E.T., R. G. Miller, R.M. Dyer, D.J. Holder, C.M. Lamichhane, M.L. Giddens, E. Russek-Cohen, J. deGraft-Hanson, and S.W. Joseph, 1995. Quantification of Salmonella from carcass rinse and environmental specimens using a membrane filter transfer method. Proc. Salmonella Symp. 99th Annu. Mtg. U.S. Anim. Health Assoc. and 38th Annu. Conf. Am. Assoc. Vet. Lab. Diagnosticians, Reno, NV. Food and Drug Administration, 1992 Becton-Dickinson, Cockeysville, MD 21030. Mallinson, 2000, Improved plating media for the detection of Salmonella species with typical and atypical hydrogen sulfide production, J. Vet. Diag. Invest., 12, 83, 10.1177/104063870001200119 Samuels, 1999, Comparison of two independent samples, 234 Hayes, 2000, Characterization of the contribution of water activity and moisture content to the population distribution of Salmonella spp. in commercial poultry houses, Poult. Sci., 79, 1557, 10.1093/ps/79.11.1557 Weaver, 1991, The effect of different levels of relative humidity and air movement on litter conditions, ammonia levels, growth and carcass quality for broiler chickens, Poult. Sci., 70, 746, 10.3382/ps.0700746 Jones, 1991, Environmental factors contributing to Salmonella colonization in chickens, 3 Himathongkham, 1999, Survival of Salmonella enteritidis Salmonella typhimurium in chicken manure at different levels of water activity, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 172, 159, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13464.x Chmielewski, 1995, Formation of viable but nonculturable Salmonella during starvation in chemically defined solutions, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 20, 380, 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1995.tb01326.x Roszak, 1984, Viable but nonrecoverable stage of Salmonella enteritidis in aquatic systems, Can. J. Microbiol., 30, 334, 10.1139/m84-049 Lacy, 1992, Tunnel-ventilated broiler houses. Broiler performance and operating costs, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 1, 104, 10.1093/japr/1.1.104 Bottcher, 1995, Effects of tilt angles on airflow for poultry house mixing fans, Appl. Eng. Agric., 14, 87