Different histological classifications for Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: which one should be used?

Yang YH, Hung CF, Hsu CR, Wang LC, Chuang YH, Lin YT, et al. A nationwide survey on epidemiological characteristics of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura in Taiwan. Rheumatology. 2005;44:618–22.

Gardner-Medwin JM, Dolezalova P, Cummins C, Southwood TR. Incidence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins. Lancet. 2002;360:1197–202.

Ozen S, Pistorio A, Lusan SM, Bakkaloglu A, Herlin T, Brik R, et al. EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schonlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part I: overall methodology and clinical characterisation. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:790–7.

Eleftheriou D, Batu ED, Ozen S, Brogan PA. Vasculitis in children. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015;30:i94–i103.

Pohl M. Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2015;30:245–52.

Davin JC, Coppo R. Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in children. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2014;10:563–73.

Narchi H. Risk of long term renal impairment and duration of follow up recommended for Henoch-Schonlein purpura with normal or minimal urinary findings: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90:916–20.

Reid-Adam J. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura. Pediatr Rev. 2014;35:447–9.

Goldstein AR, White RHR, Akuse R, Chantler C. Long-term follow-up of childhood Henoch-Schönlein nephritis. Lancet. 1992;339:280–2.

Ronkainen J, Nuutinen M, Koskimies O. The adult kidney 24 years after childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2002;360:666–70.

Kaku Y, Nohara K, Honda S. Renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. Kidney Int. 1998;53:1755–9.

Davin JC, Ten Berge IJ, Weening JJ. What is the difference between IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis? Kidney Int. 2001;59:823–34.

Coppo R, Mazzucco G, Cagnoli L, Lupo A, Schena FP. Long-term prognosis of Henoch-Schönlein nephritis in adults and children. Italian Group of Renal Immunopathology Collaborative Study on Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12:2277–83.

Schärer K, Krmar R, Querfeld U, Ruder H, Waldherr R, Schaefer F. Clinical outcome of Schönlein-Henoch purpura nephritis in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 1999;13:816–23.

Counahan R, Winterborn MH, White RH, Heaton JM, Meadow SR, Bluett NH, et al. Prognosis of Henoch-Schonlein nephritis in children. BMJ. 1977;2:11–4.

Haas M. IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein Purpura nephritis. In: Jennette JC, Olson JC, Schwartz MM, Silva FG, editors. editors. Heptinstall’s Pathology of the Kidney. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 423–86.

Xu K, Zhang L, Ding J, Wang S, Su B, Xiao H, et al. Value of the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. J Nephrol. 2018;31:279–86.

Kinoue K, Hattori M, Horita S, Kawaguchi H, Ito K. Crescent formation in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: a pathological and immunohistochemical study. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi. 1996;38:364–71.

Davin JC. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura nephritis: pathophysiology, treatment, and future strategy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6:679–89.

Coppo R, Andrulli S, Amore A, Gianoglio B, Conti G, Peruzzi L, et al. Predictors of outcome in Henoch-Schönlein nephritis in children and adults. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47:993–1003.

Soylemezoglu O, Ozkaya O, Ozen S, Bakkaloglu A, Dusunsel R, Peru H, et al. Henoch-Schönlein nephritis: a nationwide study. Nephron Clin Pract. 2009;112:199–204.

Davin JC, Coppo R. Pitfalls in recommending evidence-based guidelines for a protean disease like Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013;28:1897–903.

Okada H, Suzuki H, Konishi K, Sakaguchi H, Saruta T. Histological alterations in renal specimens as indicators of prognosis of IgA nephropathy. Clin Nephrol. 1992;37:235–8.

Daniel L, Saingra Y, Giorgi R, Bouvier C, Pellissier JF, Berland Y. Tubular lesions determine prognosis of IgA nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35:13–20.

Lim BJ, Shin JI, Choi SE, Rhim H, Lee JS, Kim PK, et al. The significance of tubulointerstitial lesions in childhood Henoch-Schonlein nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2016;31:2087–93.

Roberts ISD, Cook HT, Troyanov S, Alpers CE, Amore A, Barratt J, et al. The Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy: pathology definitions, correlations, and reproducibility. Kidney Int. 2009;76:546–56.

Cattran DC, Coppo R, Cook HT, Feehally J, Roberts ISD, Troyanov S, et al. The Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy: rationale, clinicopathological correlations, and classification. Kidney Int. 2009;76:534–45.

Trimarchi H, Barratt J, Cattran DC, Cook HT, Coppo R, Haas M, et al. Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy 2016: an update from the IgA nephropathy classification working group. Kidney Int. 2017;91:1014–21.

Haas M. Histologic subclassification of IgA nephropathy: a clinicopathologic study of 244 cases. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;29:829–42.

Koskela M, Ylinen E, Ukonmaanaho E-M, Autio-Harmainen H, Heikkilä P, Lohi J, et al. The ISKDC classification and a new semiquantitative classification for predicting outcomes of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017;32:1201–9.

Tarshish P, Bernstein J, Edelmann CM. Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis: course of disease and efficacy of cyclophosphamide. Pediatr Nephrol. 2004;19:51–6.

Rai A, Nast C, Adler S. Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:2637–44.

Ronkainen J, Ala-Houhala M, Huttunen NP, Jahnukainen T, Koskimies O, Ormälä T, et al. Outcome of Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Clin Nephrol. 2003;60:80–4.

Edström Halling S, Söderberg MP, Berg UB. Predictors of outcome in Henoch-Schonlein nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25:1101–8.

Kim CH, Lim JB, Bae YS, Kwon YE, Kim YL, Nam KH, et al. Using the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy to predict long-term outcomes of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in adults. Mod Pathol. 2014;27:972–82.

Feng D, Huang WY, Hao S, Niu XL, Wang P, Wu Y, et al. A single-center analysis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis with nephrotic proteinuria in children. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2017;15:15.

Weening JJ, D’Agati VD, Schwartz MM, Seshan SV, Alpers CE, Appel GB, et al. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. Kidney Int. 2004;65:521–30.

Groot N, de Graeff N, Marks SD, Brogan P, Avcin T, Bader-Meunier B, et al. European evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood-onset lupus nephritis: the SHARE initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1965–73.

Lu S, Liu D, Xiao J, Yuan W, Wang X, Zhang X, et al. Comparison between adults and children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2015;30:791–6.

Fogazzi GB, Pasquali S, Moriggi M, Casanova S, Damilano I, Mihatsch MJ, et al. Long-term outcome of Schönlein-Henoch nephritis in the adult. Clin Nephrol. 1989;31:60–6.

Mizerska-Wasiak M, Gajewski Ł, Cichoń-Kawa K, Małdyk J, Dziedzic-Jankowska K, Leszczyńska B, et al. Serum GDIgA1 levels in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein nephritis. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43:162–7.

Gülhan B, Orhan D, Kale G, Besbas N, Özen S. Studying cytokines of T helper cells in the kidney disease of IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura). Pediatr Nephrol. 2015;30:1269–77.

Calvo-Río V, Loricera J, Martín L, Ortiz-Sanjuán F, Alvarez L, González-Vela MC, et al. Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy: a comparative clinical study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31:S45–51.

Inagaki K, Kaihan AB, Hachiya A, Ozeki T, Ando M, Kato S, et al. Clinical impact of endocapillary proliferation according to the Oxford classification among adults with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19:208.

Nasri H. Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy is applicable to predict long-term outcomes of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014;13:456–8.

Butani L, Morgenstern BZ. Long-term outcome in children after Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2007;46:505–11.

Lucas García J, Alvarez Blanco O, Sanahuja Ibáñez MJ, Ortega López PJ, Zamora MI. Outcome of Henoch-Schönlein nephropathy in pediatric patients. Prognostic factors Nefrologia. 2008;28:627–32.

Mohey H, Laurent B, Mariat C, Berthoux F. Validation of the absolute renal risk of dialysis/death in adults with IgA nephropathy secondary to Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a monocentric cohort study. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:169.

Pillebout E, Thervet E, Hill G, Alberti C, Vanhille P, Nochy D. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in adults: outcome and prognostic factors. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:1271–8.

Altugan FS, Ozen S, Aktay-Ayaz N, Güçer S, Topaloğlu R, Düzova A, et al. Treatment of severe Henoch-Schönlein nephritis: justifying more immunosuppression. Turk J Pediatr. 2009;51:551–5.

Rauta V, Törnroth T, Grönhagen-Riska C. Henoch Schoenlein nephritis in adults: clinical features and outcomes in Finnish patients. Clin Nephrol. 2002;58:1–8.

Foster BJ, Bernard C, Drummond KN, Sharma AK. Effective therapy for severe Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis with prednisone and azathioprine: a clinical and histopathologic study. J Pediatr. 2000;136:370–5.

Heaton JM, Turner DR, Cameron JS. Localization of glomerular "deposits" in Henoch-Schönlein nephritis. Histopathology. 1977;1:93–104.

Meadow SR, Glasgow EF, White RH, Moncrieff MW, Cameron JS, Ogg CS. Schönlein-Henoch nephritis. Q J Med. 1972;41:241–58.

Buscatti IM, Casella BB, Aikawa NE, Watanabe A, Farhat SCL, Campos LMA, et al. Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: initial risk factors and outcomes in a Latin American tertiary center. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37:1319–24.

Fuentes Y, Hernández AM, García-Roca P, Valverde S, Velásquez-Jones LF, Sosa G, et al. Urinary MCP-1/creatinine in Henoch-Schönlein purpura and its relationship with nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014;29:1047–52.

de Almeida JL, Campos LM, Paim LB, Leone C, Koch VH, Silva CA. Renal involvement in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a multivariate analysis of initial prognostic factors. J Pediatr. 2007;83:259–66.

Fu H, Mao J, Huang L, Wang J, Gu W, Lu Z. Higher pathological grading is associated with unfavorable outcome of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis in children. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2016;9:4633–40.

Kanai H, Sawanobori E, Kobayashi A, Matsushita K, Sugita K, Higashida K. Early treatment with methylprednisolone pulse therapy combined with tonsillectomy for heavy Proteinuric Henoch-Schönlein Purpura nephritis in children. Nephron Extra. 2011;1:101–11.

Naija O, Bouzaraa J, Goucha-Louzir R, Lakhoua MR. Predictive factors of severe Henoch-Schonlein nephritis in children: report of 34 cases. Tunis Med. 2012;90:878–81.

Mitchell JG, Kala UK, Hahn D. Descriptive study of biopsy proven IgA and Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) nephropathy in two government hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25:1806.