Culicoides biting midges, arboviruses and public health in Europe

Agbolade, 2006, Biting of anthropophilic Culicoides fulvithorax (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a vector of Mansonella perstans in Nigeria, Korean J. Parasitol., 44, 67, 10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.67

Aguilar, 2011, Iquitos virus: a novel reassortant orthobunyavirus associated with human illness in Peru, Plos Negl. Trop. Dis., 5, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001315

Akita, 1994, Bluetongue disease in dogs associated with contaminated vaccine, Vet. Rec., 134, 283, 10.1136/vr.134.11.283

Alexander, 1995, African horse sickness and African carnivores, Vet. Microbiol., 47, 133, 10.1016/0378-1135(95)00059-J

Anderson, 1961, Oropouche virus: a new human disease agent from Trinidad, West Indies, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 10, 574, 10.4269/ajtmh.1961.10.574

Batista, 2012, Seroepidemiological monitoring in sentinel animals and vectors as part of arbovirus surveillance in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop., 45, 168, 10.1590/S0037-86822012000200006

Bishop-Lilly, 2010, Arbovirus detection in insect vectors by rapid, high-throughput pyrosequencing, Plos Negl. Trop. Dis., 4, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000878

Blackwell, 1997, Diel flight periodicity of the biting midge Culicoides impunctatus and the effects of meteorological conditions, Med. Vet. Entomol., 11, 361, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00423.x

Blackwell, 2001, Recent advances on the ecology and behaviour of Culicoides spp. in Scotland and the prospects for control, Vet. Bull., 71, 1R

Blackwell, 1995, The use of an enhanced ELISA method for the identification of Culicoides blood meals in host-preference studies, Med. Vet. Entomol., 9, 214, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00183.x

Blackwell, 2004, Toward development of neem-based repellents against the Scottish Highland biting midge Culicoides impunctatus, Med. Vet. Entomol., 18, 449, 10.1111/j.0269-283X.2004.00515.x

Blackwell, 1999, The spatial distribution of larvae of Culicoides impunctatus biting midges, Med. Vet. Entomol., 13, 362, 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1999.00180.x

Blackwell, 1994, Identification of bloodmeals of the Scottish biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus by indirect enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA), Med. Vet. Entomol., 8, 20, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00378.x

Blackwell, 1994, Laboratory feeding of Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) through natural and artificial membranes, J. Med. Entomol., 31, 302, 10.1093/jmedent/31.2.302

Blackwell, 1992, Bivoltinism, survival rates and reproductive characteristics of the Scottish biting midge,Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Scotland, Bull. Entomol. Res., 82, 299, 10.1017/S0007485300041055

Blackwell, 2003, Biting midges and tourism in Scotland, 177

Blackwell, 1994, The microhabitat of Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) larvae in Scotland, Bull. Entomol. Res., 84, 295, 10.1017/S0007485300032399

Blundell, 2005, Discrepancies in reported levels of international wildlife trade, Conserv. Biol., 19, 2020, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00253.x

Boorman, 1970, Observations on biology of Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Southern England, Bull. Entomol. Res., 60, 189, 10.1017/S0007485300058624

Borkent, 2004, The biting midges, the Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), 113

Borkent, A., 2013. The Subgeneric Classification of Species of Culicoides – thoughts and a warning. Accessed in July 2013. http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/CulicoidesSubgenera.pdf.

Braverman, 2009, Newly emerged nulliparous Culicoides imicola Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with pigmented abdomen, Vet. Parasitol., 160, 356, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.11.016

Burgin, 2013, Investigating incursions of bluetongue virus using a model of long-distance Culicoides biting midge dispersal, Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 60, 263, 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01345.x

Calvete, 2008, Modelling the distributions and spatial coincidence of bluetongue vectors Culicoides imicola and the Culicoides obsoletus group throughout the Iberian peninsula, Med. Vet. Entomol., 22, 124, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00728.x

Calvo, 2012, Host feeding patterns of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) within the Picos de Europa national park in northern Spain, Bull. Entomol. Res., 102, 692, 10.1017/S0007485312000284

Caracappa, 2003, Identification of a novel bluetongue virus vector species of Culicoides in Sicily, Vet. Rec., 153, 71, 10.1136/vr.153.3.71

Carpenter, 2005, Repellent efficiency of BayRepel against Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Parasitol. Res., 95, 427, 10.1007/s00436-005-1298-6

Carpenter, 2006, Oral susceptibility to bluetongue virus of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the United Kingdom, J. Med. Entomol., 43, 73, 10.1093/jmedent/43.1.73

Carpenter, 2008, Control techniques for Culicoides biting midges and their application in the UK and northwestern Palaearctic, Med. Vet. Entomol., 22, 175, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00743.x

Carpenter, 2009, Culicoides and the emergence of bluetongue virus in northern Europe, Trends Microbiol., 17, 172, 10.1016/j.tim.2009.01.001

Conte, 2009, Eight years of entomological surveillance in Italy show no evidence of Culicoides imicola geographical range expansion, J. Appl. Ecol., 46, 1332, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01723.x

Corbel, 2009, Evidence for inhibition of cholinesterases in insect and mammalian nervous systems by the insect repellent deet, BMC Biol., 7, 10.1186/1741-7007-7-47

Darpel, 2007, Clinical signs and pathology shown by British sheep and cattle infected with bluetongue virus serotype 8 derived from the 2006 outbreak in northern Europe, Vet. Rec., 161, 253, 10.1136/vr.161.8.253

Darpel, 2009, Transplacental transmission of bluetongue virus 8 in cattle, UK, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 15, 2025, 10.3201/eid1512.090788

Davies, 1979, Arboviruses isolated from Culicoides midges in Kenya, J. Comp. Pathol., 89, 587, 10.1016/0021-9975(79)90049-5

Davies, 2012, Schmallenberg virus – an emerging novel pathogen, Vet. Rec. In Practice, 34, 598

De Clercq, 2008, Transplacental infection and apparently immunotolerance induced by a wild-type bluetongue virus serotype 8 natural infection, Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 55, 352, 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2008.01044.x

De Clercq, 2009, Emergence of bluetongue serotypes in Europe, part 2: the occurrence of a BTV-11 strain in Belgium, Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 56, 355, 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2009.01092.x

De Leon, 2006, Transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus to cattle by the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), J. Med. Entomol., 43, 323, 10.1093/jmedent/43.2.323

De Regge, 2012, Detection of Schmallenberg virus in different Culicoides spp. by real-time RT-PCR, Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 59, 471, 10.1111/tbed.12000

Delwart, 2007, Viral metagenomics, Rev. Med. Virol., 17, 115, 10.1002/rmv.532

Dever, 2011, Contact dermatitis in military personnel, Dermatitis, 22, 313

Doceul, 2013, Epidemiology, molecular virology and diagnostics of Schmallenberg virus, an emerging orthobunyavirus in Europe, Vet. Res., 44, 10.1186/1297-9716-44-31

Drolet, 2005, Vector competence of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) for vesicular stomatitis virus, J. Med. Entomol., 42, 409, 10.1093/jmedent/42.3.409

Ducomble, 2012, Lack of evidence for schmallenberg virus infection in highly exposed persons, Germany, 2012, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 18, 1333, 10.3201/eid1808.120533

Dzhafarov, 1964

Eads, 1972, Recovery of Aedes albopictus from used car tires shipped to United States ports, Mosq. News, 32, 113

Eisenhut, 1999, Seroprevalence of dengue, Chikungunya and Sindbis virus infections in German aid workers, Infection, 27, 82, 10.1007/BF02560502

Elbers, 2012, Seroprevalence of schmallenberg virus antibodies among dairy cattle, the Netherlands, Winter 2011–2012, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 18, 1065, 10.3201/eid1807.120323

Elbers, 2013, Schmallenberg virus in Culicoides spp. biting midges, the Netherlands, 2011, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 19, 106, 10.3201/eid1901.121054

Eurosurveillance Editorial, 2012, European food safety authority publishes its second report on the schmallenberg virus, Eurosurveillance, 17, 20

Felippe-Bauer, 2008, Culicoides paraensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) infestations in cities of the Itapocu river valley, southern Brazil, Entomol. News, 119, 185, 10.3157/0013-872X(2008)119[185:CPDCII]2.0.CO;2

Garigliany, 2012, Schmallenberg virus: a new Shamonda/Sathuperi-like virus on the rise in Europe, Antiviral Res., 95, 82, 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.05.014

Garros, 2011, Adaptation of a species-specific multiplex PCR assay for the identification of blood meal source in Culicoides (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera): applications on Palaearctic biting midge species, vectors of Orbiviruses, Infect. Genet. Evol., 11, 1103, 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.002

Glick, 1990, Culicoides biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) of Kenya, J. Med. Entomol., 27, 85, 10.1093/jmedent/27.2.85

Gratz, 2006

Gubbins, 2008, Assessing the risk of bluetongue to UK livestock: uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of a temperature-dependent model for the basic reproduction number, J. R. Soc. Interface, 5, 363, 10.1098/rsif.2007.1110

Halouzka, 1991, Isolation of Tahyna virus from biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Czechoslovakia, Acta Virol., 35, 247

Harlan, 1983, Insect repellent jacket tests against biting midges (Diptera, Culicoides) in Panama, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 32, 185, 10.4269/ajtmh.1983.32.185

Harrup, 2012, Collection of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) using CO2 and enantiomers of 1-Octen-3-ol in the United Kingdom, J. Med. Entomol., 49, 112, 10.1603/ME11145

Harvala, 2009, Case report: eastern equine encephalitis virus imported to the UK, J. Med. Virol., 81, 305, 10.1002/jmv.21379

Hawking, 1979, The distribution of human filariasis throughout the world part IV, Am. Trop. Dis. Bull., 76, 693

Hendry, 2011

Hendry, 1988, Biting midges in Scottish forestry: a costly irritant or trivial nuisance?, Scott. Forest., 42, 113

Hill, 1947, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 44, 55, 10.1080/00034983.1947.11685315

Hoch, 1986, Breeding sites of Culicoides paraensis and options for control by environmental management, Bull. Pan. Am. Health Org., 20, 284

Hoch, 1990, Host-seeking behaviour and seasonal abundance of Culicoides paraensis (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Brazil, J. Am. Mosq. Control, 6, 110

Hoffmann, 2012, Novel orthobunyavirus in cattle, Europe, 2011, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 18, 469, 10.3201/eid1803.111905

Hofmann, 2008, Genetic characterization of toggenburg orbivirus, a new bluetongue virus, from goats, Switzerland, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 14, 1855, 10.3201/eid1412.080818

Holmes, 1987, Light and suction trap catches of Culicoides midges in southern England, Med. Vet. Entomol., 1, 349, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1987.tb00366.x

Hubalek, 1996

Isaev, 1993, Autogeny in bloodsucking biting midges of the genusCulicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Parazitologiia, 27, 273

Jelinek, 2002, Epidemiology and clinical features of imported dengue fever in Europe: sentinel surveillance data from TropNetEurop, Clin. Infect. Dis., 35, 1047, 10.1086/342906

Jennings, 1982, The susceptibility of Culicoides variipennis Coq. (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) to laboratory infection with Rift-Valley Fever Virus, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 76, 587, 10.1016/0035-9203(82)90216-4

Karabatos, 1985, International Catalogue of Arboviruses

Kettle, 1977, Biology and bionomics of bloodsucking Ceratopogonids, Ann. Rev. Entomol., 22, 33, 10.1146/annurev.en.22.010177.000341

Kettle, 1996, The Scottish midge, Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), an early attempt (1945–1958) to control this intractable pest, Mem. Entomol. Soc. Wash., 18, 134

Kettle, 1983, The bionomics of Culicoides brevitarsis, Qld. Nat., 24, 33

Kilpatrick, 2012, Zoonoses 2 drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases, Lancet, 380, 1946, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61151-9

Krauss, 2003

Labuschagne, 2007, Culicoides biting midges at the national zoological gardens of South Africa, Onderstepoort J. Vet., 74, 343, 10.4102/ojvr.v74i4.120

Lassen, 2012, Identity and diversity of blood meal hosts of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides Latreille) in Denmark, Parasite Vector, 5, 10.1186/1756-3305-5-143

LeDuc, 1989, Oropouche fever

Lee, 1979, Isolation of viruses from field populations of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Nigeria, J. Med. Entomol., 16, 76, 10.1093/jmedent/16.1.76

Letchworth, 1999, Vesicular stomatitis, Vet. J., 157, 239, 10.1053/tvjl.1998.0303

Linley, 1983, Autogeny in the Ceratopogonidae: literature and notes, Fla. Entomol., 66, 228, 10.2307/3494245

Linley, 1985, Biting midges as vectors of non-viral animal pathogens, J. Med. Entomol., 22, 589, 10.1093/jmedent/22.6.589

Linley, 1986, The lateral abdominal pigmentation inCulicoides variipennis and Culicoides furens (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): Quantitative measurement of its relationship to age and oogenesis, J. Med. Entomol., 23, 51, 10.1093/jmedent/23.1.51

Linley, 1971, Sandflies and tourism in Florida and the Bahamas and Caribbean area, J. Econ. Entomol., 64, 264, 10.1093/jee/64.1.264

Linley, 1983, Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and human health, J. Med. Entomol., 20, 347, 10.1093/jmedent/20.4.347

Logan, 2009, Identification of human-derived volatile chemicals that interfere with attraction of the scottish biting midge and their potential use as repellents, J. Med. Entomol., 46, 208, 10.1603/033.046.0205

Lundstrom, 1999, Mosquito-borne viruses in western Europe: a review, J. Vector Ecol., 24, 1

Maan, 2008, Sequence analysis of bluetongue virus serotype 8 from the Netherlands 2006 and comparison to other European strains, Virology, 377, 308, 10.1016/j.virol.2008.04.028

Macdonald, 1957

Maclachlan, 2013, Potential strategies for control of bluetongue, a globally emerging, Culicoides-transmitted viral disease of ruminant livestock and wildlife, Antiviral Res., 99, 79, 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.04.021

Magalhaes, 2012, Illegal trade on non-native amphibians and reptiles in southeast Brazil: the status of e-commerce, Phyllomedusa J. Herpetol., 11, 155, 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v11i2p155-160

Mands, 2004, Culicoides midge trap enhancement with animal odour baits in Scotland, Med. Vet. Entomol., 18, 336, 10.1111/j.0269-283X.2004.00516.x

Marcus-Sekura, 2011, Evaluation of the human host range of bovine and porcine viruses that may contaminate bovine serum and porcine trypsin used in the manufacture of biological products, Biologicals, 39, 359, 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.08.003

Mellor, 2000, Replication of arboviruses in insect vectors, J. Comp. Pathol., 123, 231, 10.1053/jcpa.2000.0434

Mellor, 2000, Culicoides biting midges: their role as arbovirus vectors, Ann. Rev. Entomol., 45, 307, 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.307

Mellor, 2009, Bluetongue in the insect host, 295

Mellor, 1979, Observations on breeding sites and light-trap collections of Culicoides during an outbreak of bluetongue in Cyprus, Bull. Entomol. Res., 69, 229, 10.1017/S0007485300017697

Mellor, 2002, Bluetongue virus in the mediterranean basin 1998–2001, Vet. J., 164, 20, 10.1053/tvjl.2002.0713

Mercer, 2003, Biting rates and developmental substrates for biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Iquitos, Peru, J. Med. Entomol., 40, 807, 10.1603/0022-2585-40.6.807

Mintiens, 2008, Possible routes of introduction of bluetongue virus serotype 8 into the epicentre of the 2006 epidemic in North-Western Europe, Prev. Vet. Med., 87, 131, 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.06.011

Mirzaeva, 1974, The age composition of females of Culicoides sinanoensis Tok. from coniferous broad leaved forests of the south maritime territory, Parazitologiya, 8, 25

Napp, 2013, Assessment of the risk of a bluetongue outbreak in Europe caused by Culicoides midges introduced through intracontinental transport and trade networks, Med. Vet. Entomol., 27, 19, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01016.x

Naugle, 2004, West nile virus: pending crisis for greater sage-grouse, Ecol. Lett., 7, 704, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00631.x

Nelder, 2010, Biting midges of the genus Culicoides in South Carolina zoos, J. Insect Sci., 10, 10.1673/031.010.5501

Nie, 2005, A preliminary report of introduced living biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) found on entry ships arriving at Qinhuangdao Port, China, Med. Entomol. Zool., 56, 359, 10.7601/mez.56.359

Nunamaker, 2000, Oral infection of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) by vesicular stomatitis virus, J. Med. Entomol., 37, 784, 10.1603/0022-2585-37.5.784

Nunes, 2007, A febre do Oropouche: Uma revisão dos aspectos epidemiológicos e moleculares na Amazônia brasileira, Caderno de Saúde Coletiva, 15, 303

Nunes, 2005, Oropouche virus isolation, southeast Brazil, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 11, 1610, 10.3201/eid1110.050464

Overgaard Nielsen, 1964, Studies on the Danish biting midges, Culicoides Latreille (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), Entomologiske Meddelelser, 32, 261

Pappas, 1991, Tree hole Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) of the central plains in the United States, J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc., 7, 624

Parker, 1975, Experimental inactivated vaccine against bluetongue, Vet. Rec., 96, 284, 10.1136/vr.96.13.284

Paty, 2013, The expansion of vector-borne diseases and the implications for blood transfusion safety: the case of West nile virus, dengue and chikungunya, Transfus. Clin. Biol., 20, 165, 10.1016/j.tracli.2013.03.008

Pinheiro, 1981, Oropouche virus 1. A review of clinical, epidemiological and ecological findings, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 30, 149, 10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.149

Pinheiro, 1982, Transmission of Oropouche virus from man to hamster by the midge Culicoides paraensis, Science, 215, 1251, 10.1126/science.6800036

Pinheiro, 1981, Oropouche virus 4. Laboratory transmission by Culicoides paraensis, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 30, 172, 10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.172

Pinheiro, 1962, Epidemia de virus oropouche em Belém, Rev. Sem. Espaco Saude Publica, 12, 15

Purse, 2012, Impacts of climate, host and landscape factors on Culicoides species in Scotland, Med. Vet. Entomol., 26, 168, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00991.x

Purse, 2005, Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 3, 171, 10.1038/nrmicro1090

Radford, 2012, Application of next-generation sequencing technologies in virology, J. Gen. Virol., 93, 1853, 10.1099/vir.0.043182-0

Reiter, 2010, The standardised freight container: vector of vectors and vector-borne diseases, Rev. Sci. Tech. Office Int. Epizoot., 29, 57, 10.20506/rst.29.1.1960

Reusken, 2012, Lack of evidence for zoonotic transmission of Schmallenberg virus, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 18, 1746, 10.3201/eid1811.120650

Roberts, 1981, Oropouche virus III. Entomological observations from three epidemics in Para, Brazil, 1975, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 30, 165, 10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.165

Rodrigues, 2011, Oropouche virus experimental infection in the golden hamster (Mesocrisetus auratus), Virus Res., 155, 35, 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.08.009

Sabio, 2006, Detection of West nile virus RNA in pools of three species of ceratopogonids (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected in Louisiana, J. Med. Entomol., 43, 1020, 10.1093/jmedent/43.5.1020

Saeed, 2000, Nucleotide sequences and phylogeny of the nucleocapsid gene of Oropouche virus, J. Gen. Virol., 81, 743, 10.1099/0022-1317-81-3-743

Saegerman, 2010, The most likely time and place of introduction of BTV8 into Belgian ruminants, PLoS One, 5, 10.1371/journal.pone.0009405

Santiago-Alarcon, 2012, Bloodmeal analysis reveals avian plasmodium infections and broad host preferences of culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vectors, PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0031098

Santiago-Alarcon, 2012, Diptera vectors of avian Haemosporidian parasites: untangling parasite life cycles and their taxonomy, Biol. Rev., 87, 928, 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00234.x

Savini, 2005, Bluetongue virus isolations from midges belonging to the Obsoletus complex (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Italy, Vet. Rec., 157, 133, 10.1136/vr.157.5.133

Sellers, 1992

Sellers, 1980, Epidemiology of bluetongue and the import and export of livestock, semen and embryos, Bull. l’Office Int. Epizoot., 92, 587

Service, 1968, Light-trap catches of Culicoides spp. (Dipt., Ceratopogonidae) from southern England, Bull. Entomol. Res., 59, 317, 10.1017/S0007485300003254

Service, 1969, Studies on the biting habits of Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer, C. obsoletus (Meigen) and C. punctatus (Meigen) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Southern England, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (A), 44, 1

Service, 1971, Adult flight activities of some British Culicoides species, J. Med. Entomol., 8, 605, 10.1093/jmedent/8.5.605

Shelley, 2001, Simuliid Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and Ceratopogon midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in northern Argentina, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 96, 451, 10.1590/S0074-02762001000400003

Sherlock, 1965, Dermatozoonosis by Culicoides bite (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Salvador, State of Bahia, Brasil. VI A clinical study, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 63, 27, 10.1590/S0074-02761965000100003

Simonsen, 2011, Mansonella perstans filariasis in Africa, Acta Trop., 120, S109, 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.01.014

Smith, 1991, Laboratory studies of a Brazilian strain of Aedes albopictus as a potential vector of Mayaro and Oropouche viruses, J. Am. Mosq. Control, 7, 89

Stuart, 2000, Repellent and antifeedant activity of salicylic acid and related compounds against the biting midge,Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), J. Med. Entomol., 37, 222, 10.1603/0022-2585-37.2.222

Stuart, 1996, The biting midge of the West Highlands: fifty years of research, Scott. Med. J., 41, 143, 10.1177/003693309604100505

Szadziewski, 1988

Szarbό, 1966, Successful protecting action against Culicoides nubeculosus MG., 1818 (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae) [Sikeres Védekezés szakállas szúnyogok (Culicoides nubeculosus MG., 1818) Ellen (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae)], Különlenyomat az Állattani Közlemények, Budapest, 53, 141

Tabachnick, 2013, Nature, nurture and evolution of intra-species variation in mosquito arbovirus transmission competence, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 10, 249, 10.3390/ijerph10010249

Takken, 2008, The phenology and population dynamics of Culicoides spp. in different ecosystems in The Netherlands, Prev. Vet. Med., 87, 41, 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.06.015

Talbalaghi, 2010, Are Aedes albopictus or other mosquito species from northern Italy competent to sustain new arboviral outbreaks?, Med. Vet. Entomol., 24, 83, 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2009.00853.x

Tatem, 2007, Climatic similarity and biological exchange in the worldwide airline transportation network, Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 274, 1489, 10.1098/rspb.2007.0148

Tatem, 2006, Global transport networks and infectious disease spread, Adv. Parasitol., 62, 293, 10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62009-X

Trigg, 1996, Evaluation of a eucalyptus-based repellent against Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Scotland, J. Am. Mosq. Control, 12, 329

van Rijn, 2012, Bluetongue virus serotype 6 in Europe in 2008-Emergence and disappearance of an unexpected non-virulent BTV, Vet. Microbiol., 158, 23, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.01.022

Vasconcelos, 2009, Oropouche fever epidemic in Northern Brazil: epidemiology and molecular characterization of isolates, J. Clin. Virol., 44, 129, 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.11.006

Vasconcelos, 2011, Molecular epidemiology of oropouche virus, Brazil, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 17, 800, 10.3201/eid1705.101333

Vasconcelos, 1989, Epidemic outbreaks of oropouche virus in the Maranhao and Goias states, Brazil, Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo, 31, 271, 10.1590/S0036-46651989000400011

Venter, 2005, An alternative method of blood-feeding Culicoides imicola and other haematophagous Culicoides species for vector competence studies, Vet. Parasitol., 131, 331, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.002

Vilar, 2011, Culicoides vectors of bluetongue virus in Chester Zoo, Vet. Rec., 168, 242, 10.1136/vr.c6684

Walton, 1987, Epizootic vesicular stomatitis in Colorado, 1982 – Epidemiologic and Entomologic studies, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 36, 166, 10.4269/ajtmh.1987.36.166

Wilson, 2008, Where does bluetongue virus sleep in the winter?, PLoS Biol., 6, 1612, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060210

Wirth, 1989, The neotropical biting midges related to Culicoides paraensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 84, 551, 10.1590/S0074-02761989000800096

Yarzabal, 1985, Experimental and natural infection of Simulium sanchezi by Mansonella ozzardi in the middel of the Orinoco region of Venezuela, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 79, 29, 10.1016/0035-9203(85)90226-3