Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: community transmission, pathogenesis, and drug resistance
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Tenover, 2006, The epidemiology of Staphylococcus infections, 526
Safdar, 2008, The risk of infection after nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus, Am J Med, 121, 310, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.07.034
Durupt, 2007, Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus toxins and nasal carriage in furuncles and impetigo, Br J Dermatol, 157, 1161, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08197.x
Bryskier, 2005, 113
Projan, 2006, Antibiotic resistance in the staphylococci, 587
Lyon, 1987, Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus: genetic basis, Microbiol Rev, 51, 88, 10.1128/MMBR.51.1.88-134.1987
1999, Four pediatric deaths from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—Minnesota and North Dakota, 1997–1999, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 48, 707
Vandenesch, 2003, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: worldwide emergence, Emerg Infect Dis, 9, 978, 10.3201/eid0908.030089
Zetola, 2005, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging threat, Lancet Infect Dis, 5, 275, 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70112-2
Deurenberg, 2008, The evolution of Staphylococcus aureus, Infect Genet Evol, 8, 747, 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.07.007
Diep, 2008, The arginine catabolic mobile element and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec linkage: convergence of virulence and resistance in the USA300 clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Infect Dis, 197, 1523, 10.1086/587907
Levin, 1997, The population genetics of antibiotic resistance, Clin Infect Dis, 24, S9, 10.1093/clinids/24.Supplement_1.S9
Levin, 2001, Minimizing potential resistance: a population dynamics view, Clin Infect Dis, 33, S161, 10.1086/321843
Ender, 2004, Fitness cost of SCCmec and methicillin resistance levels in Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 48, 2295, 10.1128/AAC.48.6.2295-2297.2004
Lee, 2007, Fitness cost of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by way of continuous culture, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51, 1497, 10.1128/AAC.01239-06
Enright, 2000, Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus, J Clin Microbiol, 38, 1008, 10.1128/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000
Shopsin, 1999, Evaluation of protein A gene polymorphic region DNA sequencing for typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains, J Clin Microbiol, 37, 3556, 10.1128/JCM.37.11.3556-3563.1999
Harmsen, 2003, Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management, J Clin Microbiol, 41, 5442, 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003
Koreen, 2004, spa typing method for discriminating among Staphylococcus aureus isolates: implications for use of a single marker to detect genetic micro- and macrovariation, J Clin Microbiol, 42, 792, 10.1128/JCM.42.2.792-799.2004
Strommenger, 2004, Obvious lack of association between dynamics of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in central Europe and agr specificity groups, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 23, 15, 10.1007/s10096-003-1046-8
Gilot, 2002, Analysis of the genetic variability of genes encoding the RNA III-activating components Agr and TRAP in a population of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cows with mastitis, J Clin Microbiol, 40, 4060, 10.1128/JCM.40.11.4060-4067.2002
Kinoshita, 2008, Diversity of staphylocoagulase and identification of novel variants of staphylocoagulase gene in Staphylococcus aureus, Microbiol Immunol, 52, 334, 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00045.x
Sakai, 2008, Multiplex PCRs for assignment of Staphylocoagulase types and subtypes of type VI Staphylocoagulase, J Microbiol Methods, 75, 312, 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.003
Oliveira, 2002, Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 46, 2155, 10.1128/AAC.46.7.2155-2161.2002
Zhang, 2005, Novel multiplex PCR assay for characterization and concomitant subtyping of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types I to V in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 5026, 10.1128/JCM.43.10.5026-5033.2005
Ito, 2004, Novel type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec driven by a novel cassette chromosome recombinase, ccrC, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 48, 2637, 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2637-2651.2004
2009, Classification of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec): guidelines for reporting novel SCCmec elements, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53, 4961, 10.1128/AAC.00579-09
Enright, 2002, The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99, 7687, 10.1073/pnas.122108599
Robinson, 2003, Evolutionary models of the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 47, 3926, 10.1128/AAC.47.12.3926-3934.2003
Boyle-Vavra, 2005, Successful multiresistant community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineage from Taipei, Taiwan, that carries either the novel Staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) type VT or SCCmec type IV, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 4719, 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4719-4730.2005
Takano, 2008, Novel characteristics of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains belonging to multilocus sequence type 59 in Taiwan, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52, 837, 10.1128/AAC.01001-07
Tenover, 2006, Characterization of a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus widely disseminated in the United States, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 108, 10.1128/JCM.44.1.108-118.2006
Tenover, 2009, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300: origin and epidemiology, J Antimicrob Chemother, 64, 441, 10.1093/jac/dkp241
Strommenger, 2003, Multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of nine clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus, J Clin Microbiol, 41, 4089, 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4089-4094.2003
Bonnstetter, 2007, Rapid multiplex PCR assay for identification of USA300 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, J Clin Microbiol, 45, 141, 10.1128/JCM.01228-06
Brumfitt, 1989, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, N Engl J Med, 320, 1188, 10.1056/NEJM198905043201806
Naimi, 2003, Comparison of community- and health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, JAMA, 290, 2976, 10.1001/jama.290.22.2976
Tacconelli, 1998, Staphylococcus aureus infections, N Engl J Med, 339, 2026
Aires de Sousa, 2005, Comparison of genetic backgrounds of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Portuguese hospitals and the community, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 5150, 10.1128/JCM.43.10.5150-5157.2005
Noto, 2008, Gene acquisition at the insertion site for SCCmec, the genomic island conferring methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, J Bacteriol, 190, 1276, 10.1128/JB.01128-07
Oliveira, 2001, The evolution of pandemic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: identification of two ancestral genetic backgrounds and the associated mec elements, Microb Drug Resist, 7, 349, 10.1089/10766290152773365
1993, EMRSA-16: a new epidemic strain of Staphylococcus aureus, Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly, 3, 25
Aucken, 2002, A new UK strain of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA-17) resistant to multiple antibiotics, J Antimicrob Chemother, 50, 171, 10.1093/jac/dkf117
Conceicao, 2007, Replacement of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in Hungary over time: a 10-year surveillance study, Clin Microbiol Infect, 13, 971, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01794.x
Gordon, 2008, Pathogenesis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, Clin Infect Dis, 46, S350, 10.1086/533591
Hsu, 2006, Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Singapore: a further six cases, Singapore Med J, 47, 20
Chongtrakool, 2006, Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in 11 Asian countries: a proposal for a new nomenclature for SCCmec elements, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 50, 1001, 10.1128/AAC.50.3.1001-1012.2006
Deurenberg, 2007, The molecular evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clin Microbiol Infect, 13, 222, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01573.x
Krishna, 2007, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections-implications in hospital infection control, Indian J Public Health, 51, 43
Boucher, 2008, Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clin Infect Dis, 46, S344, 10.1086/533590
Stratchounski, 2005, Antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Russia: results of a prospective study, J Chemother, 17, 54, 10.1179/joc.2005.17.1.54
Trijp, 2007, Successful control of widespread methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in a large teaching hospital in the Netherlands, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 28, 970, 10.1086/519210
Simor, 2004, The management of infection and colonization due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a CIDS/CAMM position paper, Can J Infect Dis, 15, 39, 10.1155/2004/531434
Higuchi, 2009
Ho, 2009, Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with spread of the ST45 lineage in Hong Kong (DMID-08–518 revised), Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 64, 131, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.01.030
Holden, 2009, Genome sequence of a recently emerged highly-transmissible, multi-antibiotic and antiseptic resistant, variant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence-type 239 (TW), J Bacteriol
Edgeworth, 2007, An outbreak in an intensive care unit of a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 239 associated with an increased rate of vascular access device-related bacteremia, Clin Infect Dis, 44, 493, 10.1086/511034
Ko, 2005, Distribution of major genotypes among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in Asian countries, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 421, 10.1128/JCM.43.1.421-426.2005
Xu, 2009, Predominance of the Hungarian clone (ST 239-III) among hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered throughout mainland China, J Hosp Infect, 71, 245, 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.10.029
Amaral, 2005, The predominant variant of the Brazilian epidemic clonal complex of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has an enhanced ability to produce biofilm and to adhere to and invade airway epithelial cells, J Infect Dis, 192, 801, 10.1086/432515
Vivoni, 2006, Clonal composition of Staphylococcus aureus isolates at a Brazilian university hospital: identification of international circulating lineages, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 1686, 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1686-1691.2006
Bartels, 2008, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals in Tbilisi, the Republic of Georgia, are variants of the Brazilian clone, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 27, 757, 10.1007/s10096-008-0500-z
Szczepanik, 2007, Spread of a single multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone carrying a variant of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type III isolated in a university hospital, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 26, 29, 10.1007/s10096-006-0237-5
Klevens, 2007, Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States, JAMA, 298, 1763, 10.1001/jama.298.15.1763
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MRSA in Healthcare Settings. 2006. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_MRSA_spotlight_2006.html
Siegel, 2006
Yamamoto, 2006, Molecular characteristics and in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, including the des-fluoro(6) quinolone DX-619, of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the community and hospitals, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 50, 4077, 10.1128/AAC.00847-06
Diep, 2006, Complete genome sequence of USA300, an epidemic clone of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Lancet, 367, 731, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68231-7
Takano, 2009, Superior in vitro activity of carbapenems over anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and some related antimicrobial agents for community-acquired MRSA but not for hospital-acquired MRSA, J Infect Chemother, 15, 54, 10.1007/s10156-008-0665-5
Redziniak, 2009, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Athlete, Int J Sports Med, 30, 557, 10.1055/s-0029-1214382
Okubo, 2008, Multifocal pelvic abscesses and osteomyelitis from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a 17-year-old basketball player, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 60, 313, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.10.008
Wijaya, 2006, Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: overview and local situation, Ann Acad Med Singapore, 35, 479, 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.V35N7p479
2007
Johannes, 2008, Epidemiology of early-onset bloodstream infection and implications for treatment, Am J Infect Control, 36, S171.e13, 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.10.003
Eiff, 2001, Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Study Group, N Engl J Med, 344, 11, 10.1056/NEJM200101043440102
Demling, 2007, The increasing problem of wound bacterial burden and infection in acute and chronic soft-tissue wounds caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Burns Wounds, 7, e8
Wertheim, 2004, Risk and outcome of nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in nasal carriers versus non-carriers, Lancet, 364, 703, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16897-9
Baba-Moussa, 2008, Virulence factors produced by strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from urinary tract infections, J Hosp Infect, 68, 32, 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.10.010
Blomquist, 2006, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections of the eye and orbit (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis), Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 104, 322
Bruns, 2009, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidural abscess with bacteremia and multiple lung abscesses: case report, Am J Crit Care, 18, 6
Munckhof, 2008, Cavernous sinus thrombosis and meningitis from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, Intern Med J, 38, 283, 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01650.x
Kefala-Agoropoulou, 2010, Life-threatening infection due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: case report and review, Eur J Pediatr, 169, 47, 10.1007/s00431-009-0977-1
Miller, 2005, Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles, N Engl J Med, 352, 1445, 10.1056/NEJMoa042683
Dohin, 2007, Pediatric bone and joint infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 26, 1042, 10.1097/INF.0b013e318133a85e
Enany, 2007, Brain abscess caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Egypt, April 2007, Euro Surveill, 12, E070927.2
Fowler, 2006, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis in an intravenous drug user, J Med Microbiol, 55, 123, 10.1099/jmm.0.46271-0
Fortes, 2008, First reported case of infective endocarditis caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus not associated with healthcare contact in Brazil, Braz J Infect Dis, 12, 541, 10.1590/S1413-86702008000600020
Ito, 2008, Pediatric pneumonia death caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Japan, Emerg Infect Dis, 14, 1312, 10.3201/eid1408.070391
Adem, 2005, Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in children, N Engl J Med, 353, 1245, 10.1056/NEJMoa044194
Hageman, 2006, Severe community-acquired pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus, 2003–04 influenza season, Emerg Infect Dis, 12, 894, 10.3201/eid1206.051141
Mandell, 2007, Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults, Clin Infect Dis, 44, S27, 10.1086/511159
Hota, 2007, Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections at a public hospital: do public housing and incarceration amplify transmission?, Arch Intern Med, 167, 1026, 10.1001/archinte.167.10.1026
2003, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in correctional facilities-Georgia, California, and Texas, 2001–2003, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 52, 992
Ellis, 2009, Presence and molecular epidemiology of virulence factors in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing and infecting soldiers, J Clin Microbiol, 47, 940, 10.1128/JCM.02352-08
Olsen, 2008, Severe necrotizing fasciitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Clin Microbiol, 46, 1144, 10.1128/JCM.02029-07
Seybold, 2006, Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 genotype as a major cause of health care-associated blood stream infections, Clin Infect Dis, 42, 647, 10.1086/499815
Jenkins, 2009, Epidemiology of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection caused by USA300 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 3 affiliated hospitals, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 30, 233, 10.1086/595963
Malani, 2008, Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: the association between age and mortality and functional status, J Am Geriatr Soc, 56, 1485, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01823.x
Cooke, 2009, Clinical, molecular and epidemiological description of a cluster of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from injecting drug users with bacteraemia, Clin Microbiol Infect, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02969.x
Carrillo-Marquez, 2009, USA300 is the predominant genotype causing Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis in children, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 28, 1076, 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181adbcfe
Hidron, 2009, Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 as a cause of necrotising community-onset pneumonia, Lancet Infect Dis, 9, 384, 10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70133-1
Cheng, 2009, Fatal co-infection with swine origin influenza virus A/H1N1 and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Infect, 59, 366, 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.08.021
Christianson, 2007, Comparative genomics of Canadian epidemic lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Clin Microbiol, 45, 1904, 10.1128/JCM.02500-06
Gilbert, 2006, Outbreak in Alberta of community-acquired (USA300) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in people with a history of drug use, homelessness or incarceration, CMAJ, 175, 149, 10.1503/cmaj.051565
Li, 2009, Evolution of virulence in epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, 5883, 10.1073/pnas.0900743106
Highlander, 2007, Subtle genetic changes enhance virulence of methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, BMC Microbiol, 7, 99, 10.1186/1471-2180-7-99
Diep, 2008, Emergence of multidrug-resistant, community-associated, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone USA300 in men who have sex with men, Ann Intern Med, 148, 249, 10.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00204
Han, 2007, High frequencies of clindamycin and tetracycline resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulsed-field type USA300 isolates collected at a Boston ambulatory health center, J Clin Microbiol, 45, 1350, 10.1128/JCM.02274-06
Graber, 2007, Intermediate vancomycin susceptibility in a community-associated MRSA clone, Emerg Infect Dis, 13, 491, 10.3201/eid1303.060960
Hageman, 2008, Occurrence of a USA300 vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 62, 440, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.08.005
Mwangi, 2007, Tracking the in vivo evolution of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by whole-genome sequencing, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104, 9451, 10.1073/pnas.0609839104
Kennedy, 2008, Epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: recent clonal expansion and diversification, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105, 1327, 10.1073/pnas.0710217105
Goering, 2008, Usefulness of mec-associated direct repeat unit (dru) typing in the epidemiological analysis of highly clonal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Scotland, Clin Microbiol Infect, 14, 964, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02073.x
Ellington, 2008, Distribution of the ACME-arcA gene among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from England and Wales, J Antimicrob Chemother, 61, 73, 10.1093/jac/dkm422
Witte, 2007, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus containing the Panton-Valentine leucocidin gene in Germany in 2005 and 2006, J Antimicrob Chemother, 60, 1258, 10.1093/jac/dkm384
Witte, 2008, Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST8 (“USA300”) in an HIV-positive patient in Cologne, Germany, February 2008, Euro Surveill, 13, 10.2807/ese.13.13.08080-en
Larsen, 2009, Two distinct clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with the same USA300 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile: a potential pitfall for identification of USA300 community-associated MRSA, J Clin Microbiol, 47, 3765, 10.1128/JCM.00934-09
Fenner, 2008, Distribution of spa types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates during a 6 year period at a low-prevalence University Hospital, J Med Microbiol, 57, 612, 10.1099/jmm.0.47757-0
Ruppitsch, 2007, Occurrence of the USA300 community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus clone in Austria, Euro Surveill, 12, E071025.1
Marchese, 2009, Molecular analysis and susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains circulating in the community in the Ligurian area, a northern region of Italy: emergence of USA300 and EMRSA-15 clones, Int J Antimicrob Agents, 34, 424, 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.06.016
Shibuya, 2008, Emergence of the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in Japan, J Infect Chemother, 14, 439, 10.1007/s10156-008-0640-1
Higuchi W, Mimura S, Kurosawa Y, Takano T, Iwao Y, Yabe S, et al. Emergence of the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in Japanese child, demonstrating multiple divergent strains in Japan. J Infect Chemother. doi:10.1007/s10156-010-0051-y.
Park, 2007, Predominance of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec type IVA in South Korea, J Clin Microbiol, 45, 4021, 10.1128/JCM.01147-07
Wu, 2008, Cutaneous pustular manifestations associated with disseminated septic embolism due to a Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing strain of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Int J Dermatol, 47, 942, 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03717.x
Monecke, 2009, The molecular epidemiology and evolution of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 in Western Australia, Clin Microbiol Infect, 15, 770, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02792.x
Arias, 2008, MRSA USA300 clone and VREF—a U.S.-Colombian connection?, N Engl J Med, 359, 2177, 10.1056/NEJMc0804021
Bekkhoucha, 2009, A portrait of Staphylococcus aureus from the other side of the Mediterranean Sea: molecular characteristics of isolates from Western Algeria, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 28, 553, 10.1007/s10096-008-0660-x
Udo, 2008, Genetic lineages of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kuwait hospitals, J Clin Microbiol, 46, 3514, 10.1128/JCM.00966-08
O’Neill, 2004, A fusidic acid-resistant epidemic strain of Staphylococcus aureus carries the fusB determinant, whereas fusA mutations are prevalent in other resistant isolates, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 48, 3594, 10.1128/AAC.48.9.3594-3597.2004
Lannergard, 2009, Genetic determinants of resistance to fusidic acid among clinical bacteremia isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53, 2059, 10.1128/AAC.00871-08
Udo EE, Sarkhoo E. Genetic Analysis of High-level mupirocin resistance in ST80 clone of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol (2009, in press).
Ho, 2007, Molecular epidemiology and household transmission of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Hong Kong, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 57, 145, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.08.003
Higuchi, 2008, Structure and specific detection of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type VII, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 377, 752, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.009
Higuchi W, Hung WC, Takano T, Iwao Y, Ozaki K, Isobe H, et al. Molecular characteristics of the Taiwanese multiple drug-resistant ST59 clone of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pediatric cellulitis. J Infect Chemother. doi:10.1007/s10156-010-0029-9.
Baranovich, 2007, The first isolation of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in Russia, Euro Surveill, 12, E070315 4
Otsuka, 2006, Key adhesin gene in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 346, 1234, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.038
Takizawa, 2005, A Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain, another such strain carrying a multiple-drug resistance plasmid, and other more-typical PVL-negative MRSA strains found in Japan, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 3356, 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3356-3363.2005
Taneike, 2006, Molecular nature of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus derived from explosive nosocomial outbreaks of the 1980 s in Japan, FEBS Lett, 580, 2323, 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.049
Robinson, 2005, Re-emergence of early pandemic Staphylococcus aureus as a community-acquired methicillin-resistant clone, Lancet, 365, 1256, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)74814-5
Yamamoto, 2009
Tristan, 2007, Global distribution of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2006, Emerg Infect Dis, 13, 594, 10.3201/eid1304.061316
Nimmo, 2008, Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Australia, Int J Antimicrob Agents, 31, 401, 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.011
Degnan, 1998, Inhibition of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation by Streptococcus pyogenes cell extract is associated with arginine deiminase activity, Infect Immun, 66, 3050, 10.1128/IAI.66.7.3050-3058.1998
Degnan, 2000, Characterization of an isogenic mutant of Streptococcus pyogenes Manfredo lacking the ability to make streptococcal acid glycoprotein, Infect Immun, 68, 2441, 10.1128/IAI.68.5.2441-2448.2000
Podbielski, 1996, Molecular characterization of group A streptococcal (GAS) oligopeptide permease (opp) and its effect on cysteine protease production, Mol Microbiol, 21, 1087, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.661421.x
Gonzalez, 2005, Pulmonary manifestations in children with invasive community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infection, Clin Infect Dis, 41, 583, 10.1086/432475
Bentzmann, 2004, Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with necrotizing pneumonia bind to basement membrane type I and IV collagens and laminin, J Infect Dis, 190, 1506, 10.1086/424521
Ryden, 1997, Staphylococcus aureus causing osteomyelitis binds to a nonapeptide sequence in bone sialoprotein, Biochem J, 327, 825, 10.1042/bj3270825
Hultenby, 1994, Distribution and synthesis of bone sialoprotein in metaphyseal bone of young rats show a distinctly different pattern from that of osteopontin, Eur J Cell Biol, 63, 230
Tung, 2000, A bone sialoprotein-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus: a member of the staphylococcal Sdr family, Biochem J, 345, 611, 10.1042/0264-6021:3450611
Yabe, 2009
Clarke, 2006, Surface adhesins of Staphylococcus aureus, Adv Microb Physiol, 51, 187, 10.1016/S0065-2911(06)51004-5
Rivas, 2004, MSCRAMM—targeted vaccines and immunotherapy for staphylococcal infection, Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel, 7, 223
Otto, 2008, Staphylococcal biofilms, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 322, 207
Tristan, 2009, The signal peptide of Staphylococcus aureus panton valentine leukocidin LukS component mediates increased adhesion to heparan sulfates, PLoS One, 4, e5042, 10.1371/journal.pone.0005042
Grundmeier, 2004, Truncation of fibronectin-binding proteins in Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman leads to deficient adherence and host cell invasion due to loss of the cell wall anchor function, Infect Immun, 72, 7155, 10.1128/IAI.72.12.7155-7163.2004
Matic, 2001, Background and indications for protein A-based extracorporeal immunoadsorption, Ther Apher, 5, 394, 10.1046/j.1526-0968.2001.00370.x
Labandeira-Rey, 2007, Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin causes necrotizing pneumonia, Science, 315, 1130, 10.1126/science.1137165
Gomez, 2006, Staphylococcus aureus protein A activates TNFR1 signaling through conserved IgG binding domains, J Biol Chem, 281, 20190, 10.1074/jbc.M601956200
Novick, 2003, Mobile genetic elements and bacterial toxinoses: the superantigen-encoding pathogenicity islands of Staphylococcus aureus, Plasmid, 49, 93, 10.1016/S0147-619X(02)00157-9
Vojtov, 2002, Global repression of exotoxin synthesis by staphylococcal superantigens, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99, 10102, 10.1073/pnas.152152499
Jarraud, 2001, egc, a highly prevalent operon of enterotoxin gene, forms a putative nursery of superantigens in Staphylococcus aureus, J Immunol, 166, 669, 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.669
Sundstedt, 1998, T cell- and perforin-dependent depletion of B cells in vivo by staphylococcal enterotoxin A, Immunology, 95, 76, 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00562.x
Lussow, 1994, Differential effects of superantigen-induced “anergy” on priming and effector stages of a T cell-dependent antibody response, Eur J Immunol, 24, 445, 10.1002/eji.1830240227
Hu, 1996, In vivo analysis of a superantigen-induced T cell suppressor factor, Cell Immunol, 167, 285, 10.1006/cimm.1996.0037
Ferry, 2005, Comparative prevalence of superantigen genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing sepsis with and without septic shock, Clin Infect Dis, 41, 771, 10.1086/432798
Belkum, 2006, Clonal distribution and differential occurrence of the enterotoxin gene cluster, egc, in carriage- versus bacteremia-associated isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 1555, 10.1128/JCM.44.4.1555-1557.2006
Kaneko, 2004, Bacterial two-component and hetero-heptameric pore-forming cytolytic toxins: structures, pore-forming mechanism, and organization of the genes, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 68, 981, 10.1271/bbb.68.981
Dinges, 2000, Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus, Clin Microbiol Rev, 13, 16, 10.1128/CMR.13.1.16-34.2000
Bohach, 2006, Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins, 464
Verdon, 2009, delta-hemolysin, an update on a membrane-interacting peptide, Peptides, 30, 817, 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.12.017
Barrio, 2006, LukM/LukF’-PV is the most active Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin on bovine neutrophils, Microbes Infect, 8, 2068, 10.1016/j.micinf.2006.03.004
Wang, 2007, Identification of novel cytolytic peptides as key virulence determinants for community-associated MRSA, Nat Med, 13, 1510, 10.1038/nm1656
Nygaard, 2008, Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: advances toward identifying the key virulence factors, Curr Opin Infect Dis, 21, 147, 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f64819
Queck, 2009, Mobile genetic element-encoded cytolysin connects virulence to methicillin resistance in MRSA, PLoS Pathog, 5, e1000533, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000533
Kalyan, 2004, Human peripheral gammadelta T cells potentiate the early proinflammatory cytokine response to staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, J Infect Dis, 189, 1892, 10.1086/383478
Kappler, 1989, V beta-specific stimulation of human T cells by staphylococcal toxins, Science, 244, 811, 10.1126/science.2524876
Krakauer, 1999, Immune response to staphylococcal superantigens, Immunol Res, 20, 163, 10.1007/BF02786471
Li, 1998, Structure-function studies of T-cell receptor-superantigen interactions, Immunol Rev, 163, 177, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01196.x
Fraser, 2008, The bacterial superantigen and superantigen-like proteins, Immunol Rev, 225, 226, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00681.x
Ono, 2008, Identification and characterization of two novel staphylococcal enterotoxins, types S and T, Infect Immun, 76, 4999, 10.1128/IAI.00045-08
Takizawa, 2003, A multiple superantigenic toxin pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a risk factor in the development of toxic shock syndrome (TSS), Acta Med Biol, 51, 141
Yarwood, 2002, Characterization and expression analysis of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island 3. Implications for the evolution of staphylococcal pathogenicity islands, J Biol Chem, 277, 13138, 10.1074/jbc.M111661200
Chen, 2009, Phage-mediated intergeneric transfer of toxin genes, Science, 323, 139, 10.1126/science.1164783
Mertz, 2007, Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors associated with infected skin lesions: influence on the local immune response, Arch Dermatol, 143, 1259, 10.1001/archderm.143.10.1259
Nishifuji, 2008, Staphylococcal exfoliative toxins: “molecular scissors” of bacteria that attack the cutaneous defense barrier in mammals, J Dermatol Sci, 49, 21, 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.05.007
Yamaguchi, 2000, Phage conversion of exfoliative toxin A production in Staphylococcus aureus, Mol Microbiol, 38, 694, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02169.x
Yamaguchi, 2001, Complete nucleotide sequence of a Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin B plasmid and identification of a novel ADP-ribosyltransferase, EDIN-C, Infect Immun, 69, 7760, 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7760-7771.2001
Yamaguchi, 2002, Clonal association of Staphylococcus aureus causing bullous impetigo and the emergence of new methicillin-resistant clonal groups in Kansai district in Japan, J Infect Dis, 185, 1511, 10.1086/340212
Genestier, 2005, Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin directly targets mitochondria and induces Bax-independent apoptosis of human neutrophils, J Clin Invest, 115, 3117, 10.1172/JCI22684
Pedelacq, 1999, The structure of a Staphylococcus aureus leucocidin component (LukF-PV) reveals the fold of the water-soluble species of a family of transmembrane pore-forming toxins, Structure, 7, 277, 10.1016/S0969-2126(99)80038-0
Guillet, 2004, Crystal structure of leucotoxin S component: new insight into the staphylococcal beta-barrel pore-forming toxins, J Biol Chem, 279, 41028, 10.1074/jbc.M406904200
Berman, 2003, Announcing the worldwide Protein Data Bank, Nat Struct Biol, 10, 980, 10.1038/nsb1203-980
Guex, 1997, SWISS-MODEL and the Swiss-PdbViewer: an environment for comparative protein modeling, Electrophoresis, 18, 2714, 10.1002/elps.1150181505
O’Hara, 2008, A geographic variant of the Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin and the origin of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus USA300, J Infect Dis, 197, 187, 10.1086/524684
Wolter, 2007, Allelic variation in genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin from community-associated Staphylococcus aureus, Clin Microbiol Infect, 13, 827, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01763.x
Noda, 1981, Mode of action of staphylococcal leukocidin: relationship between binding of 125I-labeled S and F components of leukocidin to rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes and leukocidin activity, Infect Immun, 34, 362, 10.1128/IAI.34.2.362-367.1981
Sugawara-Tomita, 2002, Stochastic assembly of two-component staphylococcal gamma-hemolysin into heteroheptameric transmembrane pores with alternate subunit arrangements in ratios of 3:4 and 4:3, J Bacteriol, 184, 4747, 10.1128/JB.184.17.4747-4756.2002
Miles, 2002, Subunit composition of a bicomponent toxin: staphylococcal leukocidin forms an octameric transmembrane pore, Protein Sci, 11, 894, 10.1110/ps.4360102
Ward, 1980, Identification of staphylococcal Panton-Valentine leukocidin as a potent dermonecrotic toxin, Infect Immun, 28, 393, 10.1128/iai.28.2.393-397.1980
Brown, 2009, The Panton-Valentine leukocidin vaccine protects mice against lung and skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus USA300, Clin Microbiol Infect, 15, 156, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02648.x
Voyich, 2006, Is Panton-Valentine leukocidin the major virulence determinant in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease?, J Infect Dis, 194, 1761, 10.1086/509506
Bubeck Wardenburg, 2007, Poring over pores: alpha-hemolysin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, Nat Med, 13, 1405, 10.1038/nm1207-1405
Bubeck Wardenburg, 2008, Panton-Valentine leukocidin is not a virulence determinant in murine models of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease, J Infect Dis, 198, 1166, 10.1086/592053
Orii, 2010, Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a fatal case of necrotizing fasciitis in an extremely low-birth-weight infant, Clin Microbiol Infect, 16, 289, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02806.x
Diep, 2008, Contribution of Panton-Valentine leukocidin in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis, PLoS One, 3, e3198, 10.1371/journal.pone.0003198
Dumitrescu, 2008, Effect of antibiotics, alone and in combination, on Panton-Valentine leukocidin production by a Staphylococcus aureus reference strain, Clin Microbiol Infect, 14, 384, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01947.x
Stevens, 2007, Impact of antibiotics on expression of virulence-associated exotoxin genes in methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, J Infect Dis, 195, 202, 10.1086/510396
Nakagawa, 2005, Gene sequences and specific detection for Panton-Valentine leukocidin, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 328, 995, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.054
Prevost, 1995, Panton-Valentine leucocidin and gamma-hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49775 are encoded by distinct genetic loci and have different biological activities, Infect Immun, 63, 4121, 10.1128/IAI.63.10.4121-4129.1995
Hartman, 1984, Low-affinity penicillin-binding protein associated with beta-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, J Bacteriol, 158, 513, 10.1128/JB.158.2.513-516.1984
Utsui, 1985, Role of an altered penicillin-binding protein in methicillin- and cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 28, 397, 10.1128/AAC.28.3.397
Hussain, 1987, Cloning sequencing of the blaZ gene encoding beta-lactamase III, a lipoprotein of Bacillus cereus 569/H, J Bacteriol, 169, 579, 10.1128/jb.169.2.579-586.1987
Monecke, 2005, Rapid genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates using miniaturised oligonucleotide arrays, Clin Microbiol Infect, 11, 825, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01243.x
Bugg, 1991, Molecular basis for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium BM4147: biosynthesis of a depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursor by vancomycin resistance proteins VanH and VanA, Biochemistry, 30, 10408, 10.1021/bi00107a007
Bugg, 1991, Identification of vancomycin resistance protein VanA as a d-alanine:d-alanine ligase of altered substrate specificity, Biochemistry, 30, 2017, 10.1021/bi00222a002
Dutka-Malen, 1990, The VANA glycopeptide resistance protein is related to d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase cell wall biosynthesis enzymes, Mol Gen Genet, 224, 364, 10.1007/BF00262430
2002, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin—United States, 2002, 51, 565
Shaw, 2008, In vitro activity of TR-700, the antibacterial moiety of the prodrug TR-701, against linezolid-resistant strains, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52, 4442, 10.1128/AAC.00859-08
Besier, 2008, Linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: gene dosage effect, stability, fitness costs, and cross-resistances, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52, 1570, 10.1128/AAC.01098-07
Ardic, 2006, Investigation of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci, Microbiol Res, 161, 49, 10.1016/j.micres.2005.05.002
Ida, 2001, Identification of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes by susceptibility testing: epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan, J Clin Microbiol, 39, 3115, 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3115-3121.2001
Ubukata, 1984, Purification and characterization of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 25, 754, 10.1128/AAC.25.6.754
Byrne, 1991, 4’, 4’’ adenyltransferase activity on conjugative plasmids isolated from Staphylococcus aureus is encoded on an integrated copy of pUB110, Plasmid, 25, 70, 10.1016/0147-619X(91)90008-K
Matsumura, 1984, Enzymatic and nucleotide sequence studies of a kanamycin-inactivating enzyme encoded by a plasmid from thermophilic bacilli in comparison with that encoded by plasmid pUB110, J Bacteriol, 160, 413, 10.1128/JB.160.1.413-420.1984
Pinto-Alphandary, 1990, Emergence of aminoglycoside resistance genes aadA and aadE in the genus Campylobacter, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 34, 1294, 10.1128/AAC.34.6.1294
Gray, 1983, Evolution of antibiotic resistance genes: the DNA sequence of a kanamycin resistance gene from Staphylococcus aureus, Mol Biol Evol, 1, 57
Clark, 1999, Detection of a streptomycin/spectinomycin adenylyltransferase gene (aadA) in Enterococcus faecalis, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 43, 157, 10.1128/AAC.43.1.157
Ferrero, 1994, Cloning and primary structure of Staphylococcus aureus DNA topoisomerase IV: a primary target of fluoroquinolones, Mol Microbiol, 13, 641, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00458.x
Hopewell, 1990, DNA cloning and organization of the Staphylococcus aureusgyrA and gyrB genes: close homology among gyrase proteins and implications for 4-quinolone action and resistance, J Bacteriol, 172, 3481, 10.1128/jb.172.6.3481-3484.1990
Jin, 1988, Mapping and sequencing of mutations in the Escherichia coli rpoB gene that lead to rifampicin resistance, J Mol Biol, 202, 45, 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90517-7
Ovchinnikov, 1983, RNA polymerase rifampicin resistance mutations in Escherichia coli: sequence changes and dominance, Mol Gen Genet, 190, 344, 10.1007/BF00330662
O’Neill, 2006, Molecular genetic and structural modeling studies of Staphylococcus aureus RNA polymerase and the fitness of rifampin resistance genotypes in relation to clinical prevalence, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 50, 298, 10.1128/AAC.50.1.298-309.2006
Murphy, 1985, Nucleotide sequence of ermA, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B determinant in Staphylococcus aureus, J Bacteriol, 162, 633, 10.1128/JB.162.2.633-640.1985
Otsuka, 2007, Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes and genotypes among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Japan, Clin Microbiol Infect, 13, 325, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01632.x
Schmitz, 2000, Prevalence of macrolide-resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium isolates from 24 European university hospitals, J Antimicrob Chemother, 45, 891, 10.1093/jac/45.6.891
Horinouchi, 1980, Posttranscriptional modification of mRNA conformation: mechanism that regulates erythromycin-induced resistance, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 77, 7079, 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7079
Horinouchi, 1983, A complex attenuator regulates inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin type B antibiotics in Streptococcus sanguis, J Bacteriol, 154, 1252, 10.1128/JB.154.3.1252-1262.1983
Qi, 2005, Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Zurich, Switzerland (2003): prevalence of type IV SCCmec and a new SCCmec element associated with isolates from intravenous drug users, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 5164, 10.1128/JCM.43.10.5164-5170.2005
Farmer, 1992, Biochemical basis of mupirocin resistance in strains of Staphylococcus aureus, J Antimicrob Chemother, 30, 587, 10.1093/jac/30.5.587
Simor, 2007, Mupirocin-resistant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in Canadian hospitals, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51, 3880, 10.1128/AAC.00846-07
O’Brien, 2002, Genetic characterization of the fusidic acid and cadmium resistance determinants of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pUB101, J Antimicrob Chemother, 50, 313, 10.1093/jac/dkf153
O’Neill, 2006, Molecular basis of fusB-mediated resistance to fusidic acid in Staphylococcus aureus, Mol Microbiol, 59, 664, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04971.x
Witte, 2005, Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in central Europe, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 24, 1, 10.1007/s10096-004-1262-x
Ozaki, 2009, Genotypes, intrafamilial transmission, and virulence potential of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from children in the community, J Infect Chemother, 15, 84, 10.1007/s10156-009-0668-X
Jamaluddin, 2008, Extreme genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains disseminated among healthy Japanese children, J Clin Microbiol, 46, 3778, 10.1128/JCM.02262-07
Hisata, 2005, Dissemination of methicillin-resistant staphylococci among healthy Japanese children, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 3364, 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3364-3372.2005
Zaraket, 2007, Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals in Niigata, Japan: divergence and transmission, Microbiol Immunol, 51, 171, 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03898.x
Matsumoto, 2008
Yano, 2008
Tomita, 2008, Two cases of severe necrotizing pneumonia caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (in Japanese), Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi, 46, 395
Shi, 2009
Nakaminami, 2008, Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 273 exfoliative toxin-encoding-gene-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with impetigo in Japan, J Med Microbiol, 57, 1251, 10.1099/jmm.0.2008/002824-0
Huang, 2008, Comparative molecular analysis of community-associated and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from children in northern Taiwan, Clin Microbiol Infect, 14, 1167, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02115.x
Wang, 2009, Prevalence of and risk factors for colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among adults in community settings in Taiwan, J Clin Microbiol, 47, 2957, 10.1128/JCM.00853-09
Yu, 2008, Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes among isolates from hospitalised patients in China, Clin Microbiol Infect, 14, 381, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01927.x
Ho, 2004, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus arrives in Hong Kong, J Antimicrob Chemother, 54, 845, 10.1093/jac/dkh426
Ho, 2008, Community-associated methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus: skin and soft tissue infections in Hong Kong, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 61, 245, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.12.015
Liu, 2009, Molecular evidence for spread of two major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones with a unique geographic distribution in Chinese hospitals, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53, 512, 10.1128/AAC.00804-08
Vorobieva, 2008, Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from the Arkhangelsk region, Russia: antimicrobial susceptibility, molecular epidemiology, and distribution of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes, APMIS, 116, 877, 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.01092.x
Park, 2009, Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains as a cause of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in Korea, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 30, 146, 10.1086/593953
Juhasz-Kaszanyitzky, 2007, MRSA transmission between cows and humans, Emerg Infect Dis, 13, 630, 10.3201/eid1304.060833
Voss, 2005, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig farming, Emerg Infect Dis, 11, 1965, 10.3201/eid1112.050428
Huijsdens, 2006, Community-acquired MRSA and pig-farming, Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 5, 26, 10.1186/1476-0711-5-26
Duijkeren, 2007, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs with exudative epidermitis, Emerg Infect Dis, 13, 1408, 10.3201/eid1309.061268
Duijkeren, 2005, Transmission of a Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain between humans and a dog, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 6209, 10.1128/JCM.43.12.6209-6211.2005
Duijkeren, 2004, Human-to-dog transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Emerg Infect Dis, 10, 2235, 10.3201/eid1012.040387
Nienhoff, 2009, Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains between humans and dogs: two case reports, J Antimicrob Chemother, 64, 660, 10.1093/jac/dkp243
Sing, 2008, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a family and its pet cat, N Engl J Med, 358, 1200, 10.1056/NEJMc0706805
Weese, 2006, Suspected transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between domestic pets and humans in veterinary clinics and in the household, Vet Microbiol, 115, 148, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.01.004
Vitale, 2006, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cat and owner, Emerg Infect Dis, 12, 1998, 10.3201/eid1212.060725
Weese, 2006, An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections resulting from horse to human transmission in a veterinary hospital, Vet Microbiol, 114, 160, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.054
Wannet, 2005, Emergence of virulent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying Panton-Valentine leucocidin genes in The Netherlands, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 3341, 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3341-3345.2005
Rich, 2004, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from companion animals, Vet Rec, 154, 310
Baptiste, 2005, Methicillin-resistant staphylococci in companion animals, Emerg Infect Dis, 11, 1942, 10.3201/eid1112.050241
Loeffler, 2005, Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among staff and pets in a small animal referral hospital in the UK, J Antimicrob Chemother, 56, 692, 10.1093/jac/dki312
Leonard, 2006, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a veterinary surgeon and five dogs in one practice, Vet Rec, 158, 155, 10.1136/vr.158.5.155
Moodley, 2006, spa typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from domestic animals and veterinary staff in the UK and Ireland, J Antimicrob Chemother, 58, 1118, 10.1093/jac/dkl394
Strommenger, 2006, Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from pet animals and their relationship to human isolates, J Antimicrob Chemother, 57, 461, 10.1093/jac/dki471
Hanselman, 2008, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal colonization in dogs entering a veterinary teaching hospital, Vet Microbiol, 126, 277, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.06.015
Kwon, 2005, Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) characterization and molecular analysis for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and novel SCCmec subtype IVg isolated from bovine milk in Korea, J Antimicrob Chemother, 56, 624, 10.1093/jac/dki306
Nemati, 2008, Antimicrobial resistance of old and recent Staphylococcus aureus isolates from poultry: first detection of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant strain ST398, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52, 3817, 10.1128/AAC.00613-08
Cuny, 2009, Nasal colonization of humans with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CC398 with and without exposure to pigs, PLoS One, 4, e6800, 10.1371/journal.pone.0006800
Smith, 2009, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain ST398 is present in midwestern U.S. swine and swine workers, PLoS One, 4, e4258, 10.1371/journal.pone.0004258
Springer, 2009, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a new zoonotic agent?, Wien Klin Wochenschr, 121, 86, 10.1007/s00508-008-1126-y
Rijen, 2008, Increase in a Dutch hospital of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus related to animal farming, Clin Infect Dis, 46, 261, 10.1086/524672
Monecke, 2007, Microarray based study on virulence-associated genes and resistance determinants of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cattle, Vet Microbiol, 125, 128, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.016
Loeffler, 2009, First isolation of MRSA ST398 from UK animals: a new challenge for infection control teams?, J Hosp Infect, 72, 269, 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.04.002
Bens, 2006, Presence of a novel DNA methylation enzyme in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with pig farming leads to uninterpretable results in standard pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 1875, 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1875-1876.2006
Cui, 2009, Isolation and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from swine and workers in China, J Antimicrob Chemother, 64, 680, 10.1093/jac/dkp275
Neela, 2009, Prevalence of ST9 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pigs and pig handlers in Malaysia, J Clin Microbiol, 47, 4138, 10.1128/JCM.01363-09
Kitai, 2005, Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from retail raw chicken meat in Japan, J Vet Med Sci, 67, 107, 10.1292/jvms.67.107
Vazquez-Laslop, 2008, Molecular mechanism of drug-dependent ribosome stalling, Mol Cell, 30, 190, 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.02.026
2008