Phương pháp Thích ứng Biến đổi Khí hậu cho Ngăn ngừa Sức khỏe Cộng đồng tại Australia: Một Tổng quan Tích hợp

International Panel on Climate Change. Summary for policymakers. In: H Lee & J Romero, editors. Climate change 2023: synthesis report. a report of the IPCC. contribution of working groups I, II and III to the sixth assessment report. Geneva: IPCC; 2023. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.001 Machalaba C, Romanelli C, Stoett P, Baum S, Bouley T, Daszak P, Karesh W. Climate change and health: transcending silos to find solutions. Ann of Glob Health. 2015;81(3):445–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.002. World Health Organization. Quality criteria for health national adaptation plans. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Beggs P, Zhang Y, McGushin A, Trueck S, Linnenluecke M, Bambrick H, Capon A, Vardoulakis S, Green D, Malik A, Jay O, Heenan M, Hanigan I, Friel S, Stevenson M, Johnston F, McMichael C, Charlson F, Woodward A, Romanello M. The 2022 report of the MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Australia unprepared and paying the price. Med J of Australia. 2022;217(9):439–58. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51742. Heenan M, Rychetnik L, Howse E, Beggs P, Weeramanthri T, Armstrong F, Zhang Y. Australia’s political engagement on health and climate change: the MJA–Lancet Countdown indicator and implications for the future. Med J of Australia. 2023;218(5):196–202. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51857. Romanello M, McGushin A, Di Napoli C, Drummond P, Hughes N, Jamart L, Kennard H, Lampard P, Solano Rodriguez B, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Capstick S, Chambers J, Chu L, Ciampi L, Dalin C, Dasandi N, Dasgupta S, Davies M, Dominguez-Salas P, Dubrow R, Ebi K, Eckelman M, Ekins P, Escobar L, Georgeson L, Grace D, Graham H, Gunther S, Hartinger S, He K, Heaviside C, Hess J, Hsu S-C, Jankin S, Jimenez M, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kinney P, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lee JK, Lemke B, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lott M, Lowe R, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, McMichael C, Mi Z, Milner J, Minor K, Mohajeri N, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Munzert S, Murray K, Neville T, Nilsson M, Obradovich N, Sewe M, Oreszczyn T, Otto M, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Salas R, Semenza J, Sherman J, Shi L, Springmann M, Tabatabaei M, Taylor J, Trinanes J, Shumake-Guillemot J, Vu B, Wagner F, Wilkinson P, Winning M, Yglesias M, Zhang S, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A, Hamilton I. The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future. Lancet. 2021;398(10311):1619–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6. Wheeler N, Watts N. Climate change: from science to practice. Current Environ Health Reports. 2018;5(1):170–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-018-0187-y. Ebi K, Harris F, Sioen G, Wannous C, Anyamba A, Bi P, Boeckmann M, Bowen K, Cissé G, Dasgupta P, Dida G, Gasparatos A, Gatzweiler F, Javadi F, Kanbara S, Kone B, Maycock B, Morse A, Murakami T, Mustapha A, Pongsiri M, Suzán G, Watanabe C, Capon A. Transdisciplinary research priorities for human and planetary health in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Int J Environ Res & Public Health. 2020;17(23):8890–915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238890. Schnitter R, Verret M, Berry P, Chung Tiam Fook T, Hales S, Lal A, Edwards S. An assessment of climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation in dominica. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;16(1):70–87. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010070. Watts N, Adger N, Agnolucci P, Blackstock J, Byass P, Cai W, Chaytor S, Colbourn T, Collins M, Cooper A, Cox P, Depledge J, Drummond P, Ekins P, Galaz V, Grace D, Graham H, Grubb M, Haines A, Hamilton I, Hunter A, Jiang X, Li M, Kelman I, Liang L, Lott M, Lowe R, Luo Y, Mace G, Maslin M, Nilsson M, Oreszczyn T, Pye S, Quinn T, Svensdotter M, Venevsky S, Warner K, Xu B, Yang J, Yin Y, Yu C, Zhang Q, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health. Lancet. 2015;386(10006):1861–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60854-6. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Paris Agreement. n.d. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement. Accessed 30 June 2023. International Panel on Climate Change. Summary for policymakers. In: V Masson-Delmotte, P Zhai, H Pörtner, D Roberts, J Skea, P Shukla, A Pirani, W Moufouma-Okia, C Péan, R Pidcock, S Connors, J Matthews, Y Chen, X Zhou, M Gomis, E Lonnoy, T Maycock, M Tignor & T Waterfield, editors. Global warming of 1.5°C. an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157940.001 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Climate plans remain insufficient: more ambitious action needed now. 2022. https://unfccc.int/news/climate-plans-remain-insufficient-more-ambitious-action-needed-now. Accessed 30 June 2023. Maibach E, Sarfaty M, Mitchell M, Gould R. Limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2.0°C - a unique and necessary role for health professionals. PLoS Med. 2019;16(5):e1002804. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002804. Delpla I, Diallo T, Keeling M, Bellefleur O. Tools and methods to include health in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies and policies: a scoping review. Int J Environ Res & Public Health. 2021;18(5):2547–63. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052547. Cissé G, McLeman R, Adams H, Aldunce P, Bowen K, Campbell-Lendrum D, Clayton S, Ebi K, Hess J, Huang C, Liu Q, McGregor G, Semenza J & Tirado M. Health, well-being, and the changing structure of communities. In: H Pörtner, D Roberts, M Tignor, E Poloczanska, K Mintenbeck, A Alegría, M Craig, S Langsdorf, S Löschke, V Möller, A Okem & B Rama, editors. Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability - contribution of working group II to the sixth assessment report of the IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2022. 1041–1130. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.009 Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Capstick S, Chambers J, Dalin C, Daly M, Dasandi N, Davies M, Drummond P, Dubrow R, Ebi K, Eckelman M, Ekins P, Escobar L, Fernandez Montoya L, Georgeson L, Graham H, Haggar P, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Hess J, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lemke B, Liu Y, Lott M, Lowe R, Sewe MO, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, McGushin A, Jankin Mikhaylov S, Milner J, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Murray K, Munzert S, Nilsson M, Neville T, Oreszczyn T, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Phung D, Pye S, Quinn R, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Semenza J, Sherman J, Shumake-Guillemot J, Tabatabaei M, Taylor J, Trinanes J, Wilkinson P, Costello A, Gong P, Montgomery H. The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate. Lancet. 2019;394(10211):1836–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32596-6. Beggs P, Zhang Y, Bambrick H, Berry H, Linnenluecke M, Trueck S, Bi P, Boylan S, Green D, Guo Y, Hanigan I, Johnston F, Madden D, Malik A, Morgan G, Perkins-Kirkpatrick S, Rychetnik L, Stevenson M, Watts N, Capon A. The 2019 report of the MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: a turbulent year with mixed progress. Med J of Australia. 2019;211(11):490-491e21. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50405. Zhang Y, Beggs P, Bambrick H, Berry H, Linnenluecke M, Trueck S, Alders R, Bi P, Boylan S, Green D, Guo Y, Hanigan I, Hanna E, Malik A, Morgan G, Stevenson M, Tong S, Watts N, Capon A. The MJA–Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Australian policy inaction threatens lives. Med J of Australia. 2018;209(11):474–95. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja18.00789. Paterson J, Ford J, Ford L, Lesnikowski A, Berry P, Henderson J, Heymann J. Adaptation to climate change in the Ontario public health sector. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):452–552. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-452. Hess J, McDowell J, Luber G. Integrating climate change adaptation into public health practice: using adaptive management to increase adaptive capacity and build resilience. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120(2):171–9. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103515. World Health Organization. Operational framework for building climate resilient health systems. Geneva: WHO; 2015. Lauriola P, Crabbe H, Behbod B, Yip F, Medina S, Semenza J, Vardoulakis S, Kass D, Zeka A, Khonelidze I, Ashworth M, de Hoogh K, Shi X, Staatsen B, Knudsen L, Fletcher T, Houthuijs D, Leonardi G. Advancing global health through environmental and public health tracking. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6):1976–95. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061976. Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: updated methodology. J of Advanced Nursing. 2005;52(5):546–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x. Toronto C, Remington R. A step-by-step guide to conducting an integrative review. 1st ed. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG; 2020. Moola S, Munn Z, Sears K, Sfetcu R, Currie M, Lisy K, Tufanaru C, Qureshi R, Mattis P, Mu P. Conducting systematic reviews of association (etiology) The Joanna Briggs Institute’s approach. Int J of Evidence-Based Healthcare. 2015;13(3):163–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000064. Haddaway N, Collins A, Coughlin D, Kirk S. The role of google scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(9):e0138237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138237. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Phys Ther. 2009;89(9):873–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/89.9.873. McArthur A, Klugarova J, Yan H & Florescu S. Systematic reviews of text and opinion. In: E Aromataris & Z Munn, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Adelaide: Joanna Briggs Institute; 2020. 134–174. https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-05 Aitsi-Selmi A, Murray V. Protecting the health and well-being of populations from disasters: health and health care in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Prehospital & Disaster Med. 2015;31(1):74–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X15005531. Banwell N, Rutherford S, Mackey B, Chu C. Towards improved linkage of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in health: a review. Int J Environ Res & Public Health. 2018;15(4):793–811. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040793. Banwell N, Rutherford S, Mackey B, Street R, Chu C. Commonalities between disaster and climate change risks for health: a theoretical framework. Int J Environ Res & Public Health. 2018;15(3):538–49. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030538. Berry P, Enright P, Shumake-Guillemot J, Villalobos Prats E, Campbell-Lendrum D. Assessing health vulnerabilities and adaptation to climate change: a review of international progress. Int J Environ Res & Public Health. 2018;15(12):2626–51. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122626. Ebi K, Vanos J, Baldwin J, Bell J, Hondula D, Errett N, Hayes K, Reid C, Saha S, Spector J, Berry P. Extreme weather and climate change: population health and health system implications. Ann Rev of Public Health. 2021;42(1):293–315. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105026. Keim M. Climate-related disasters: the role of prevention for managing health risk. In: Lemery J, Knowlton K, Sorensen C, editors. Global climate change and human health: from science to practice. United States: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 2021. p. 25–46. Aitsi-Selmi A, Wannous C & Murray V. Health supporting disaster risk reduction including climate change adaptation In: I Kelman, J Mercer & J Gaillard, editors. The routledge handbook of disaster risk reduction including climate change adaptation. London: Routledge; 2017. 469–480. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315684260 Fox M, Zuidema C, Bauman B, Burke T, Sheehan M. Integrating public health into climate change policy and planning: state of practice update. Int J Environ Res & Public Health. 2019;16(18):3232–54. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183232. Schramm P, Ahmed M, Siegel H, Donatuto J, Campbell L, Raab K, Svendsen E. Climate change and health: local solutions to local challenges. Current Environ Health Reports. 2020;7(4):363–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-020-00294-1. Sheehan M, Fox M, Kaye C, Resnick B. Integrating health into local climate response: lessons from the U.S CDC climate-ready states and cities initiative. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(9):94501–7. World Health Organization. WHO guidance to protect health from climate change through health adaptation planning Geneva: WHO; 2014. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/137383/9789241508001_eng.pdf?sequence=1. World Health Organization. Climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessment. Geneva: WHO; 2021. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Health emergency and disaster risk management: an emerging framework for achieving synergies among the Sendai Framework, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the New Urban Agenda and the Paris Agreement. Geneva: UNDRR; 2022. World Health Organization. Health emergency and disaster risk management framework. Geneva: WHO; 2019. Frumkin H, Hess J, Luber G, Malilay J, McGeehin M. Climate change: the public health response. Am J of Public Health. 2008;98(3):435–45. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.119362. Bowen K, Friel S. Climate change adaptation: where does global health fit in the agenda? Global Health. 2012;8(1):10–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-8-10. Greenberg H. An inflection point in global public health. Global Health. 2022;18(1):99–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-022-00897-3. Government of Western Australia. Health risk assessment. n.d. https://health.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Health-risk-assessment. Accessed 28 October 2023. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. E. health aspect in disaster risk assessment. Geneva: UNDRR; 2017. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/52828_ehealthaspect%5B1%5D.pdf. Ebi K, Semenza J, Rocklöv J. Current medical research funding and frameworks are insufficient to address the health risks of global environmental change. Environ Health. 2016;15(1):108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-016-0183-3. Boylan S, Beyer K, Schlosberg D, Mortimer A, Hime N, Scalley B, Alders R, Corvalan C, Capon A. A conceptual framework for climate change, health and wellbeing in NSW. Australia Public Health Res Prac. 2018;28(4):e2841826. https://doi.org/10.17061/phrp2841826. Hambling T, Weinstein P, Slaney D. A review of frameworks for developing environmental health indicators for climate change and health. Int J Environ Res & Public Health. 2011;8(7):2854–75. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph80x000x. World Health Organization. Protecting health from climate change: vulnerability and adaptation assessment. Geneva: WHO; 2013. Waheed B, Khan F & Veitch B. Linkage-based frameworks for sustainability assessment: making a case for driving force-pressure-state-exposure-effect-action (DPSEEA) frameworks. Sustainability. 2009;1(3):441–63. https://https://doi.org/10.3390/su1030441 Briggs D. Making a difference: indicators to improve children’s environmental health. Geneva: WHO; 2003. World Health Organization. Monitoring health impacts of climate change meeting report. EUR/01/502 6360. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2001. https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/publications/pikreports/.files/pr91.pdf. Füssel H & Klein R. Conceptual frameworks of adaptation to climate change and their applicability to human health. Postdam: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; 2004. https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/output/publications/pikreports/.files/pr91.pdf. World Health Organization. Gothenburg consensus paper - health impact assessment: main concepts and suggested approach. Copenhagen WHO Regional Office for Europe; 1999. http://www.healthedpartners.org/ceu/hia/hia01/01_02_gothenburg_paper_on_hia_1999.pdf. Tonmoy F, Cooke S, Armstrong F, Rissik D. From science to policy: development of a climate change adaptation plan for the health and well-being sector in Queensland. Australia Environ Science & Policy. 2020;108(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.03.005. Brown H, Proust K, Spickett J, Capon A. The potential role of health impact assessment in tackling the complexity of climate change adaptation for health. Health Prom J of Australia. 2018;22(4):48–53. https://doi.org/10.1071/HE11448. World Health Organization. Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance on health and environment. Geneva: WHO; 2022. Spickett J, Brown H & Katscherian D. Health impacts of climate change: adaptation strategies for Western Australia. Western Australia: Department of Health; 2008. https://www.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/Files/Corporate/general%20documents/Environmental%20health/Climate%20change/Health-impacts-of-climate-change.pdf. Remais J, Hess J, Ebi K, Markandya A, Balbus J, Wilkinson P, Haines A, Chalabi Z. Estimating the health effects of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies: addressing parametric, model, and valuation challenges. Environ Health Perspect. 2014;122(5):447–55. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306744. Howes M, Tangney P, Reis K, Grant-Smith D, Heazle M, Bosomworth K, Burton P. Towards networked governance: improving interagency communication and collaboration for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in Australia. J of Enviro Planning and Management. 2015;58(5):757–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2014.891974. Preston B & Stafford-Smith M. Framing vulnerability and adaptive capacity assessment: discussion paper. CSIRO climate adaptation flagship working paper no. 2. Canberra: CSIRO; 2009. https://research.csiro.au/climate/wp-content/uploads/sites/54/2016/03/2_Working-Paper2_CAF_PDFStandard.pdf. Harris P, Spickett J. Health impact assessment in Australia: a review and directions for progress. Environ Impact Assess Review. 2011;31(4):425–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2010.03.002. Haigh F, Harris E, Chok H, Baum F, Harris-Roxas B, Kemp L, Spickett J, Keleher H, Morgan R, Harris M, Wendel A, Dannenberg A. Characteristics of health impact assessments reported in Australia and New Zealand 2005–2009. Aust & NZ J of Public Health. 2013;37(6):534–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12102. Murray C, Ezzati M, Lopez A, Rogers A, Vander HS. Comparative quantification of health risks: conceptul framework and methodological issues. In: Ezzati M, Lopez A, Rogers A, Murray C, editors. Comparative quantification of health risks global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors, vol. 1. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. p. 1–38. Campbell-Lendrum D, Woodruff R. Comparative risk assessment of the burden of disease from climate change. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(12):1935–41. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8432. Murray C, Lopez A. Measuring global health: motivation and evolution of the global burden of disease study. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1460–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32367-x. Plass D, Hilderink H, Lehtomäki H, Øverland S, Eikemo T, Lai T, Gorasso V, Devleesschauwer B. Estimating risk factor attributable burden: challenges and potential solutions when using the comparative risk assessment methodology. Arch public health. 2022;80(1):148–60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00900-8. Watts N, Amann M, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Bouley T, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chambers J, Cox P, Daly M, Dasandi N, Davies M, Depledge M, Depoux A, Dominguez-Salas P, Drummond P, Ekins P, Flahault A, Frumkin H, Georgeson L, Ghanei M, Grace D, Graham H, Grojsman R, Haines A, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Johnson A, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kniveton D, Liang L, Lott M, Lowe R, Mace G, Odhiambo Sewe M, Maslin M, Mikhaylov S, Milner J, Latifi A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Murray K, Neville T, Nilsson M, Oreszczyn T, Owfi F, Pencheon D, Pye S, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Schütte S, Shumake-Guillemot J, Steinbach R, Tabatabaei M, Wheeler N, Wilkinson P, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health. Lancet. 2018;391(10120):581–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32464-9. Houghton A, English P. An approach to developing local climate change environmental public health indicators, vulnerability assessments, and projections of future impacts. J of Environ & Public Health. 2014;2014(1):132057–64. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/132057. Ebi K, Boyer C, Bowen K, Frumkin H, Hess J. Monitoring and evaluation indicators for climate change-related health impacts, risks, adaptation, and resilience. Int J Environ Res & Public Health. 2018;15(9):1943–54. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091943. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public health systems and best practices. 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/publichealthgateway/bestpractices/index.html. Accessed 7 July 2023. Downey L, Thomas W, Gaddam R, Scutchfield F. The relationship between local public health agency characteristics and performance of partnership-related essential public health services. Health Prom Prac. 2013;14(2):284–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839912455332. Marinucci G, Luber G, Uejio C, Saha S, Hess J. Building resilience against climate effects: a novel framework to facilitate climate readiness in public health agencies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(6):6433–58. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110606433. Haasnoot M, Kwakkel J, Walker W, ter Maat J. Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: a method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world. Global Eviron Change. 2013;23(2):485–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.006. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. National adaptation plans. 2021. https://unfccc.int/topics/adaptation-and-resilience/workstreams/national-adaptation-plans. Accessed 2 July 2023. Ebi K, Prats E. Health in national climate change adaptation planning. Ann Glob Health. 2015;81(3):418–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.07.001. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Opportunities and options for integrating climate change adaptation with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 technical paper by the secretariat. Geneva: UNFCC; 2017. Australian Government. National climate resilience and adaptation strategy 2021–2025. Canberra: Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment; 2021. https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/national-climate-resilience-and-adaptationstrategy.pdf. Armstrong F, Cooke S, Rissik D & Tonmoy F. Human health and well-being climate change adaptation plan for Queensland. Brisbane: Queensland Government; 2018. https://www.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/64237/h-cap-qld.pdf. Ebi K. Climate change and health risks: assessing and responding to them through ‘adaptive management.’ Health Aff. 2011;30(5):924–30. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0071. World Health Organization. The world health report 2000. Geneva: WHO; 2000. Papanicolas I. International frameworks for health system comparison. In: Papanicolas I, Smith P, editors. Health system performance comparison: an agenda for policy information and research. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education; 2013. p. 75–112. Augustynowicz A, Opolski J, Waszkiewicz M. Resilient health and the healthcare system: a few introductory remarks in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):3603–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063603. European Environment Agency. Climate change adaptation and disaster: enhancing coherence of the knowledge base, policies and practices. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2017. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Common ground between the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework: climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Paris: OECD; 2020. Islam S, Chu C, Smart J, Liew L. Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: a systematic literature review. Climate and Develop. 2020;12(3):255–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2019.1613217. Commonwealth of Australia. National disaster risk reduction framework. Canberra: Department of Home Affairs; 2018. https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/emergency/files/national-disaster-risk-reduction-framework.pdf. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Disaster risk reduction in Australia: status report 2020. Bangkok: UNDRR Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific; 2020. Raikes J, Smith T, Baldwin C, Henstra D. Disaster risk reduction and climate policy implementation challenges in Canada and Australia. Climate Policy. 2022;22(4):534–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2048784. Wright N, Fagan L, Lapitan J, Kayano R, Abrahams J, Huda Q, Murray V. Health emergency and disaster risk management: five years into implementation of the Sendai Framework. Int J of Disaster Risk Science. 2020;11(2):206–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00274-x. Reisinger A, Howden M, Vera C, Garschagen M, Hurlbert M, Kreibiehl S, Mach K, Mintenbeck K, O’Neill B, Pathak M, Pedace R, Pörtner H, Poloczanska E, Rojas Corradi M, Sillmann J, van Aalst M, Viner D, Jones R, Ruane A, Ranasinghe R. The concept of risk in the IPCC sixth assessment report: a summary of cross-working group discussions. Geneva: IPCC; 2020. English P, Richardson M. Components of population vulnerability and their relationship with climate-sensitive health threats. Curr Environ Health Reps. 2016;3(1):91–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-016-0076-1. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and International Science Council. Hazard definition and classification review (Technical Report) UNDRR: Geneva ISC: Paris; 2020. https://www.undrr.org/publication/hazard-definition-and-classification-review-technical-report. Fakhruddin B, Sims B. Analysis of DRR inclusion in national climate change commitments. Geneva: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; 2021. International Science Council; United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; Integrated Research on Disaster Risk. A framework for global science in support of risk informed sustainable development and planetary health. ISC: Paris, UNDRR: Geneva, IRD: Beijing; 2021. https://doi.org/10.24948/2021.07. Sillmann J, Christensen I, Hochrainer-Stigler S, Huang-Lachmann, J, Juhola S, Kornhuber K, Mahecha M, Mechler R, Reichstein M, Ruane A, Schweizer P & Williams S. Briefing note on systemic risk. Risk Knowledge Action Network International Climate Research: Oslo United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction: Geneva; 2022. https://www.undrr.org/publication/briefing-note-systemic-risk. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Recommendations for a revised EU strategy on climate change adaptation Beligum: UNDRR 2020. https://www.undrr.org/publication/recommendations-revised-eu-strategy-climate-change-adaptation. Thibodeaux J. Conceptualizing multilevel research designs of resilience. J of Community Psychol. 2021;49(5):1418–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22598. Yang X, Lo K. Environmental health research and the COVID-19 pandemic: a turning point towards sustainability. Environ Research. 2021;197(1):111157–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111157. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Geneva: UNDRR; 2015. Tasri E, Karimi K, Muslim I. The effect of economic variables on natural disasters and the impact of disasters on economic variables. Heliyon. 2022;8(1):e08678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08678. Plough A, Fielding J, Chandra A, Williams M, Eisenman D, Wells K, Law G, Fogleman S, Magana A. Building community disaster resilience: perspectives from a large urban county department of public health. Am J of Public Health. 2013;103(7):1190–7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301268. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the UN sustainable development cooperation framework. Geneva: UNDRR; 2020. Nomura S, Parsons A, Hirabayashi M, Kinoshita R, Liao Y, Hodgson S. Social determinants of mid- to long-term disaster impacts on health: a systematic review. Int J of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2016;16(1):53–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.01.013. Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Post-Disaster Recovery of a Community’s Public Health. Healthy, resilient, and sustainable communities after disasters: strategies, opportunities, and planning for recovery. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK316532/. Commonwealth of Australia. Health and disaster management handbook. 2nd edn. Canberra: Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience; 2019. https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/health-and-disaster-management-handbook/. Glasser R. Preparing for the era of disasters. Canberra: Australian Strategic Policy Institute; 2019. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep23057.1.pdf. Dasandi N, Graham H, Lampard P, Jankin MS. Intergovernmental engagement on health impacts of climate change. Bull World Health Organ. 2021;99(2):102–11. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.270033. Shiell A, Jackson H. How much does Australia spend on prevention and how would we know whether it is enough? Health Prom J of Australia. 2018;29(S1):7–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.165. Wright M, Versteeg R, van Gool K. How much of Australia’s health expenditure is allocated to general practice and primary healthcare? Australian J Gen Practice. 2021;50(9):673–8. https://doi.org/10.31128/AJGP-11-20-5746. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Health expenditure and financing 2023. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SHA. Accessed 7 July 2023. Smith J, Herriot M, Williams C, Judd J, Griffiths K, Bainbridge R. Health promotion: a political imperative. Health Prom J of Australia. 2019;30(2):133–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.242. Taylor R, Sullivan D, Reeves P, Kerr N, Sawyer A, Schwartzkoff E, Bailey A, Williams C, Hure A. A scoping review of economic evaluations to inform the reorientation of preventive health services in Australia. Int J of Environ Res & Public Health. 2023;20(12):6139–86. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20126139. Johnston I. Australia’s public health response to COVID-19: what have we done, and where to from here? Aust & NZ J of Public Health. 2020;44(6):440–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.13051. Australia Government. National health and climate strategy. 2023. https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/national-health-and-climate-strategy. Accessed 2 July 2023. Australia Government. Budget 2023–24: paper no. 2. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2023. https://budget.gov.au/content/bp2/index.htm. Eburn M. Coordination of federal, state and local disaster management arrangements in Australia: lessons from the UK and the US. Canberra: The Australian Strategic Policy Institute Limited; 2017. https://www.aspi.org.au/report/coordination-federal-state-and-local-disaster-management-arrangements-australia-lessons-uk. Horsburgh N, Armstrong F & Mulvenna V. Framework for a national strategy on climate, health and well-being for Australia. Canberra: Climate and Health Alliance; 2017. https://www.caha.org.au/national_strategy_framework_launch. Smith J, Patrick R. The global climate and health agenda: Australia must do more. Health Prom J of Australia. 2021;32(S2):3–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.529. Bowen K, Ebi K. Health risks of climate change in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region. WHO South-East Asia J of Public Health. 2017;6(2):1–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/2224-3151.213789. World Health Organization. Key learning on health in all policies implementation from around the world – information brochure. Geneva: WHO; 2018. Macassa G, Ribeiro A, Marttila A, Stål F, Silva J, Rydback M, Rashid M, Barros H. Public health aspects of climate change adaptation in three cities: a qualitative study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(16):10292–309. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610292. Patz J, Thomson M. Climate change and health: moving from theory to practice. PLoS Med. 2018;15(7): e1002628. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002628. Rudolph L, Caplan J, Ben-Moshe K, Dillon L. Health in all policies: a guide for state and local governments. Washington, DC and Oakland, CA: American Public Health Association and Public Health Institute; 2013. Kendrovski V, Schmoll O. Priorities for protecting health from climate change in the WHO European Region: recent regional activities. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 2019;62(5):537–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-02943-9.