Chronic ingestion of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin, alone or in interaction, induces morphological and immunological changes in the intestine of piglets

British Journal of Nutrition - Tập 107 Số 12 - Trang 1776-1786 - 2012
Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro Bracarense1, Joelma Lucioli1, Bertrand Grenier2,3, Graziela Drociunas Pacheco3,1, W. Moll2, Gerd Schatzmayr2, Isabelle P. Oswald4
1Lab. Patologia Animal (Brazil)
2BIOMIN Research Center, (Austria)
3INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France)
4ToxAlim-BioToMyc - Biosynthèse & Toxicité des Mycotoxines (23 ch. Capelles 31076 TOULOUSE - France)

Tóm tắt

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FB) are mycotoxins produced byFusariumspecies, which naturally co-occur in animal diets. The gastrointestinal tract represents the first barrier met by exogenous food/feed compounds. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of DON and FB, alone and in combination, on some intestinal parameters, including morphology, histology, expression of cytokines and junction proteins. A total of twenty-four 5-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to four different groups, receiving separate diets for 5 weeks: a control diet; a diet contaminated with either DON (3 mg/kg) or FB (6 mg/kg); or both toxins. Chronic ingestion of these contaminated diets induced morphological and histological changes, as shown by the atrophy and fusion of villi, the decreased villi height and cell proliferation in the jejunum, and by the reduced number of goblet cells and lymphocytes. At the end of the experiment, the expression levels of several cytokines were measured by RT-PCR and some of them (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10) were significantly up-regulated in the ileum or the jejunum. In addition, the ingestion of contaminated diets reduced the expression of the adherent junction protein E-cadherin and the tight junction protein occludin in the intestine. When animals were fed with a co-contaminated diet (DON+FB), several types of interactions were observed depending on the parameters and segments assessed: synergistic (immune cells); additive (cytokines and junction protein expression); less than additive (histological lesions and cytokine expression); antagonistic (immune cells and cytokine expression). Taken together, the present data provide strong evidence that chronic ingestion of low doses of mycotoxins alters the intestine, and thus may predispose animals to infections by enteric pathogens.

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Thông tin xuất bản

British Journal of Nutrition

Tập 107 Số 12

1776-1786

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