Childhood exposure to violence and lifelong health: Clinical intervention science and stress-biology research join forces
Tóm tắt
Many young people who are mistreated by an adult, victimized by bullies, criminally assaulted, or who witness domestic violence react to this violence exposure by developing behavioral, emotional, or learning problems. What is less well known is that adverse experiences like violence exposure can lead to hidden physical alterations inside a child's body, alterations that may have adverse effects on life-long health. We discuss why this is important for the field of developmental psychopathology and for society, and we recommend that stress-biology research and intervention science join forces to tackle the problem. We examine the evidence base in relation to stress-sensitive measures for the body (inflammatory reactions, telomere erosion, epigenetic methylation, and gene expression) and brain (mental disorders, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological testing). We also review promising interventions for families, couples, and children that have been designed to reduce the effects of childhood violence exposure. We invite intervention scientists and stress-biology researchers to collaborate in adding stress-biology measures to randomized clinical trials of interventions intended to reduce effects of violence exposure and other traumas on young people.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
2001, The World Health Report 2001—Mental health: New understanding, new hope
Tough P. (2011, March 21) The poverty clinic: Can a stressful childhood make you sick? New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/03/21/110321fa_fact_tough
Thurmaier, 1999, Eheglück auf Dauer? Methodik, Inhalte und Effektivität eines präventiven Paarkommunikationstrainings. Ergebnisse nach 5 Jahren [Marital satisfaction forever? Method, content, and effectiveness of a prevention intervention. 5-year results], Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, 28, 64
Thomaes, 2012, Treatment effects on insular and anterior cingulate cortex activation during classic and emotional Stroop interference in child abuse-related complex post-traumatic stress disorder, Psychological Medicine, 22, 1
Soczynska J. K. , Zhang L. , Kennedy S. H. , & McIntyre R. S. (2012), Are psychiatric disorders inflammatory-based conditions? Psychiatric Times. Advance online publication.
Shalev, 2012, Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5 to 10 years of age: A longitudinal study, Molecular Psychiatry
Hahlweg, 2010, Enhancing couples: The shape of couple therapy to come, 3
O'Connell, 2009, Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities, 157
Finkelhor, 1997, Sexueller Missbrauch. Überblick zu Forschung, Beratung und Therapie. Ein Handbuch, 72
Cicchetti, 2005, Annual review of clinical psychology, 1, 409
Carrion V. G. , & Kletter H. (2102). Treatment of traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: Assessment and treatment strategies. Psychiatric Times, 29. Advance online publication.
Barker, 1992, Fetal and infant origins of adult disease
2006, Ageing: Can we stop the clock?
Yu, 2008, Short telomeres in patients with chronic schizophrenia who show a poor response to treatment, Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience, 33, 244
Cummings, 2010, Marital conflict and children. An emotional security perspective
Bodenmann, 2004, Verhaltenstherapie mit Paaren