Characterization of virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from corneal infection

Al-Dhaheri, 2016, Ocular pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity in bacterial keratitis isolates at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, 2011 to 2014, Cornea, 35, 789, 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000844

Austin, 2017, Update on the management of infectious keratitis, Ophthalmology, 124, 1678, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.05.012

Chidambaram, 2017, Persistence of innate immune pathways in late stage human bacterial and fungal keratitis: results from a comparative transcriptome analysis, Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 7, 193, 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00193

Cunningham, 2016, Treating infectious keratitis, Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 24, 479, 10.1080/09273948.2016.1225473

Fernandes, 2016, Extensively and pan-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis: clinical features, risk factors, and outcome, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 254, 315, 10.1007/s00417-015-3208-7

Ranjini, 2016, Microbial profile of corneal ulcers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India, J Ophthalmic Vis Res, 11, 363, 10.4103/2008-322X.194071

Lakhundi, 2017, Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis, Microb Pathog, 104, 97, 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.12.013

Karthikeyan, 2013, Host response and bacterial virulence factor expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae corneal ulcers, PLoS One, 8, e64867, 10.1371/journal.pone.0064867

Zaidi, 2013, Staphylococcus aureus corneal infections: effect of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and antibody to PVL on virulence and pathology, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 54, 4430, 10.1167/iovs.13-11701

Boyle-Vavra, 2007, Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the role of Panton-Valentine leukocidin, Lab Invest, 87, 3, 10.1038/labinvest.3700501

El-Ganiny, 2017, Prevention of bacterial biofilm formation on soft contact lenses using natural compounds, J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect, 7, 11, 10.1186/s12348-017-0129-0

Jabalameli, 2012, Evaluation of biofilm production and characterization of genes encoding type III secretion system among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients, Burns, 38, 1192, 10.1016/j.burns.2012.07.030

Hou, 2012, Biofilm-forming capacity of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from ocular infections, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 53, 5624, 10.1167/iovs.11-9114

Vazirani, 2015, Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis: risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes, Ophthalmology, 122, 2110, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.06.007

Khan, 2016, Identification of pathogenic factors potentially involved in Staphylococcus aureus keratitis using proteomics, Exp Eye Res, 151, 171, 10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.016

Emaneini, 2015, Prevalence of Panton-Valentine leucocidin and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm formation among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from children with adenoid hypertrophy, Microb Pathog, 89, 150, 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.10.008

Houri, 2017, Linezolid activity against clinical Gram-positive cocci with advanced antimicrobial drug resistance in Iran, J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 10, 200, 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.06.002

Winn, 2006, Chapter 12 (Part I), 649

Wayne, 2016, M100

Magiorakos, 2012, Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance, Clin Microbiol Infect, 18, 268, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x

Banar, 2016, Evaluation of mannosidase and trypsin enzymes effects on biofilm production of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections, PLoS One, 11, e0164622, 10.1371/journal.pone.0164622

Fallah, 2017, Phenotypic and genotypic study of biofilm formation in Enterococci isolated from urinary tract infections, Microb Pathog, 108, 85, 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.014

Heidari, 2017, High incidence of virulence factors among clinical enterococcus faecalis isolates in Southwestern Iran, Infect Chemother, 49, 51, 10.3947/ic.2017.49.1.51

Finnan, 2004, Genome diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients and the hospital environment, J Clin Microbiol, 42, 5783, 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5783-5792.2004

Khosravi, 2016, The frequency of genes encoding exotoxin A and exoenzyme S in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients, Burns, 42, 1116, 10.1016/j.burns.2016.02.012

Motallebi, 2016, Spreading of genes encoding enterotoxins, haemolysins, adhesin and biofilm among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IIIA isolated from burn patients, Microb Pathog, 97, 34, 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.05.017

Arciola, 2001, Presence of icaA and icaD genes and slime production in a collection of staphylococcal strains from catheter-associated infections, J Clin Microbiol, 39, 2151, 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2151-2156.2001

Hedayati, 2015, Clinical presentation and antibiotic susceptibility of contact lens associated microbial keratitis, J Pathog, 2015, 152767, 10.1155/2015/152767

Khalili, 2017, Corneal collagen cross-linking for treatment of bacterial and herpetic keratitis, J Clin Diagn Res, 11, Nc12

Yousefi-Avarvand, 2015, The frequency of Exotoxin A and Exoenzymes S and U genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Shiraz, Iran, Int J Mol Cell Med, 4, 167

Fazeli, 2015, Genetic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-resistant isolates at the university teaching hospital in Iran, Adv Biomed Res, 4, 156, 10.4103/2277-9175.161583

Amirmozafari, 2016, Association of the Exotoxin A and Exoenzyme S with Antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa strains, Arch Iran Med, 19, 353

Faraji, 2016, Molecular detection of virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from children with cystic fibrosis and burn wounds in Iran, Microb Pathog, 99, 1, 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.07.013

Badamchi, 2017, Molecular detection of six virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates detected in children with urinary tract infection, Microb Pathog, 107, 44, 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.009

Saffari, 2017, Evaluation of biofilm-specific antimicrobial resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Farabi Hospital, J Med Microbiol, 66, 905, 10.1099/jmm.0.000521

Wu, 2015, Sodium houttuyfonate inhibits biofilm formation and alginate biosynthesis-associated gene expression in a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro, Exp Ther Med, 10, 753, 10.3892/etm.2015.2562

Goltermann, 2017, Importance of the exopolysaccharide matrix in antimicrobial tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggregates, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 61

Lalitha, 2017, Trends in antibiotic resistance in bacterial keratitis isolates from South India, Br J Ophthalmol, 101, 108, 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308487

Makki, 2011, Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) other than Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from ocular infections, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 52, 9018, 10.1167/iovs.11-7777

Oliveira, 2007, Fluoroquinolone susceptibilities to methicillin-resistant and susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from eye infection, Arq Bras Oftalmol, 70, 286, 10.1590/S0004-27492007000200018

Rezai, 2016, Multidrug resistance pattern of bacterial agents isolated from patient with chronic sinusitis, Caspian J Intern Med, 7, 114

Goudarzi, 2017, Molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from patients with bacteremia based on MLST, SCCmec, spa, and agr locus types analysis, Microb Pathog, 104, 328, 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.055

Soroush, 2016, Investigation of biofilm formation ability, antimicrobial resistance and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with different sequence types isolated from children, Microb Pathog, 93, 126, 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.01.018

Havaei, 2013, Isolation of Asian endemic and livestock associated clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from ocular samples in Northeastern Iran, Iran J Microbiol, 5, 227

Kang, 2015, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ocular infection in Taiwan: clinical features, genotying, and antibiotic susceptibility, Medicine (Baltimore), 94, e1620, 10.1097/MD.0000000000001620

Suzuki, 2016, Impact of psm-mec in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ST764) strains isolated from keratitis patients, Microb Drug Resist, 22, 589, 10.1089/mdr.2015.0315

Flores-Paez, 2015, Molecular and phenotypic characterization of staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from healthy conjunctiva and a comparative analysis with isolates from ocular infection, PLoS One, 10, e0135964, 10.1371/journal.pone.0135964

Singh, 2011, High oxacillin, vancomycin and fluoroquinolone resistance amongst biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus isolates from ulcerative keratitis infections, Indian J Med Microbiol, 29, 312, 10.4103/0255-0857.83921

Kivanc, 2016, Microbiology of corneal wounds after cataract surgery: biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance patterns, J Wound Care, 25, 14, 10.12968/jowc.2016.25.1.12