Challenges and opportunities for the resumption of nature tourism in post-pandemic Sri Lanka

International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks - Tập 11 - Trang 234-246 - 2023
Priyan Perera1,2, Charitha Jayakody1, Udeshika Jayapali1, David Newsome2
1Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, 10250, Sri Lanka
2College of Science. Health, Engineering and Education, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Perth, 6150, WA, Australia

Tài liệu tham khảo

Alwis, 2016, Response of tropical avifauna to visitor recreational disturbances: A case study from the Sinharaja World Heritage Forest, Sri Lanka, Avian Research, 7, 15, 10.1186/s40657-016-0050-5 Arora, 2020, Coronavirus lockdown helped the environment to bounce back, Science of the Total Environment, 742, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140573 Baum, 2020, Hospitality, tourism, human rights and the impact of COVID-19, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32, 2397, 10.1108/IJCHM-03-2020-0242 Bhammar, 2021, Framework for sustainable recovery of tourism in protected areas, Sustainability, 13, 2798, 10.3390/su13052798 Buckley, 2004 Buckley, 2018, Wild animals and tourists Buckley, 2020, Pandemic travel restrictions provide a test of net ecological effects of ecotourism and new research opportunities, Journal of Travel Research, 60, 1612, 10.1177/0047287520947812 Burns, 2015, Animals as tourism objects: Ethically refocusing relationships between tourists and wildlife, 44 Burns, 2017, Ethics and responsibility in wildlife tourism: Lessons from compassionate conservation in the anthropocene, 213 Buultjens, 2017, Whale watching tourism in Sri Lanka: Visitor satisfaction and behavioural characteristics, Journal of Tourism – Studies and Research in Tourism, 24, 22 Buultjens, 2017, Managing wildlife tourism in Sri Lanka: Opportunities and challenges Buultjens, 2016, Whale watching in Sri Lanka: Perceptions of sustainability, Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 125, 10.1016/j.tmp.2016.02.003 Castellani, 2007, A new method for tourism carrying capacity assessment, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 106, 365 2017 Chon, 2000 Chubchuwong, 2015, The effect of nature-based tourism, destination attachment and property ownership on environmental-friendliness of visitors: A study in Thailand, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 656, 10.1080/10941665.2014.925482 Coghlan, 2012, Nature-based tourism, 356 Curtin, 2014, Wildlife tourism: Reconnecting people with nature, Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 19, 545, 10.1080/10871209.2014.921957 D'Antonio, 2013, Enhancing the utility of visitor impact assessment in parks and protected areas: A combined social–ecological approach, Journal of Environmental Management, 124, 72, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.03.036 EconomyNext, 2019 Found, 2018, Personality influences wildlife responses to aversive conditioning, The Journal of Wildlife Management, 82, 747, 10.1002/jwmg.21449 Fredman, 2010, Frontiers in nature-based tourism, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10, 177, 10.1080/15022250.2010.502365 Gaia Discovery, 2017 Gale, 2019, Worldviews, levels of consciousness, and the evolution of planning paradigms in protected areas, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27, 1609, 10.1080/09669582.2019.1639720 Gomes, J. (2019). Is Sri Lanka a victim of overtourism? Retrieved from https://www.themorning.lk/brunch-page-9-over-tourism/ Hallo, 2010, Analysis of the social carrying capacity of a national park scenic road, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 4, 75, 10.1080/15568310802438940 Hansanie, 2019, Global positioning system based real-time traffic monitoring system for Minneriya National Park Higham, 2011, Tourism and wildlife habituation: Reduced population fitness or cessation of impact?, Tourism Management, 32, 1290, 10.1016/j.tourman.2010.12.006 Hitchcock, 2009 Holden, 2016 Khandre, 2022, A study of economic crisis special case of Sri Lanka, Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 65, 139 Knight, 2009, Making wildlife viewable: Habituation and attraction, Society and Animals, 17, 167, 10.1163/156853009X418091 Liddle, 1997 Lonely Planet, 2018 Mallikage, 2021, Effects of recreational camping on the environmental values of national parks in Sri Lanka, Tropical Life Sciences Research, 32, 119, 10.21315/tlsr2021.32.3.7 Manenti, 2020, The good, the bad and the ugly of COVID-19 lockdown effects on wildlife conservation: Insights from the first European locked down country, Biological Conservation, 249, 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108728 Manning, 2013 Marasinghe, 2022, Understanding the impact of recreational disturbance caused by motor vehicles on waterbirds: A case study from the Bundala Wetland, Sri Lanka, Journal of Coastal Conservation, 26, 6, 10.1007/s11852-022-00853-8 Marasinghe, 2021, Nature-based tourism development in coastal wetlands of Sri Lanka: An importance–performance analysis at Maduganga mangrove estuary, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 33, 10.1016/j.jort.2020.100345 Marasinghe, 2020, Scoping recreational disturbance of shorebirds to inform the agenda for research and management in tropical Asia, Tropical Life Sciences Research, 31, 51, 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.4 Marion, 2016, A review and synthesis of recreation ecology research supporting carrying capacity and visitor use management decision making, Journal of Forestry, 114, 339, 10.5849/jof.15-062 Marion, 2016, A review and synthesis of recreation ecology research findings on visitor impacts to wilderness and protected natural areas, Journal of Forestry, 114, 352, 10.5849/jof.15-498 McNall, 2016, Ecotourism in Costa Rica and Vietnam: Is it sustainable?, Sustainability: The Journal of Record, 9, 144, 10.1089/SUS.2016.29058.sgm Miththapala, 2013 Miththapala, 2018 Miththapala, S. (2020) Sri Lanka Wildlife Parks: Post-COVID-19 operations a new start? Retrieved from https://eturbonews.com/570173/sri-lanka-wildlife-parks-post-covid-19-operations-a-new-start/ Moorhouse, 2015, The customer isn’t always right: Conservation and animal welfare implications of the increasing demand for wildlife tourism, PLoS One, 10, e0138939, 10.1371/journal.pone.0138939 Moswete, 2017, Wildlife tourism safaris, vehicle decongestion routes and impact mitigation at Chobe National Park, Botswana, 71 Muntifering, 2019, Sustainable close encounters: Integrating tourist and animal behaviour to improve rhinoceros viewing protocols, Animal Conservation, 22, 189, 10.1111/acv.12454 Newsome, 2013, An ecotourist’s recent experience in Sri Lanka, Journal of Ecotourism, 12, 210, 10.1080/14724049.2013.879153 Newsome, 2020, The collapse of tourism and its impact on wildlife tourism destinations, Journal of Tourism Futures, 7, 295, 10.1108/JTF-04-2020-0053 Newsome, 2013 Newsome, 2013, Feeding of wildlife: An acceptable practice in ecotourism?, 436 Newsome, 2013, Wildlife tourism, 345 Newsome, 2019, Visitor satisfaction with a key wildlife tourism destination within the context of a damaged landscape, Current Issues in Tourism, 22, 729, 10.1080/13683500.2017.1312685 Pásková, 2021, Tourism carrying capacity reconceptualization: Modelling and management of destinations, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21, 10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100638 Perera, 2022 Perera, 2015, Recreationist perspectives, attitudes, and perceptions towards national park management in Sri Lanka, Tourism, 63, 497 Perera, 2013, How previous visits shape trip quality, perceived value, satisfaction, and future behavioral intentions: The case of forest-based ecotourism in Sri Lanka, International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation & Tourism, 11, 1, 10.5199/ijsmart-1791-874X-11a Perera, 2012, Motivational and behavioral profiling of visitors to forest-based recreational destinations in Sri Lanka, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 17, 451, 10.1080/10941665.2011.627353 Pickering, 2010, Ten factors that affect the severity of environmental impacts of visitors in protected areas, AMBIO, 39, 70, 10.1007/s13280-009-0007-6 Prakash, 2019, Reasons for visitor dissatisfaction with wildlife tourism experiences at highly visited national parks in Sri Lanka, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 25, 102, 10.1016/j.jort.2018.07.004 PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: Impact on Sri Lanka and recommendations. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/lk/en/assets/COVID-19-Impact-on-Sri-Lanka-PwC.pdf. Ranasinghe, 2021, Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism operations and resilience: Stakeholders’ perspective in Sri Lanka, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes., 13, 369, 10.1108/WHATT-01-2021-0009 Ranasinghe, 2018, The contribution of tourism income for the economic growth of Sri Lanka, Journal of Management and Tourism Research, 1, 67 Rathnayake, 2015, How does “crowding” affect visitor satisfaction at the Horton Plains National Park in Sri Lanka?, Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 129, 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.07.018 Rathnayake, 2016, Economic values for recreational planning at Horton Plains National Park, Sri Lanka, Tourism Geographies, 18, 213, 10.1080/14616688.2015.1136350 Rathnayake, 2011, Estimation of recreational value of Horton Plains National Park in Sri Lanka: A decision-making strategy for natural resources management, Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment, 1, 71, 10.31357/jtfe.v1i1.86 Rivera, 2019, A framework toward sustainable ecotourism value chain in the Philippines, Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 20, 123, 10.1080/1528008X.2018.1492495 Rodrigo, 2020 Rodrigo, 2020 Samarawickrama, 2019, Economic valuation of natural resources: A study on Udawalawa National Park Sangpikul, 2010, Marketing ecotourism through the internet: A case of ecotourism business in Thailand, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 11, 107, 10.1080/15256481003732782 Sankalpa, 2021, Cetacean occurrence and diversity in whale-watching waters off Mirissa, Southern Sri Lanka, Integrative Zoology, 16, 462, 10.1111/1749-4877.12540 Sayan, 2011, Recreation carrying capacity estimates for protected areas: A study of Termessos National Park, Ekoloji, 20, 66, 10.5053/ekoloji.2011.7811 Senevirathna, 2013, Wildlife viewing preferences of visitors to Sri Lanka’s national parks: Implications for visitor management and sustainable tourism planning, Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment, 3, 1 Singapore Tourism Board, 2021 Smith, 2021, Sustainability of protected areas: Vulnerabilities and opportunities as revealed by COVID-19 in a national park management agency, Biological Conservation, 255, 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108985 Spenceley, 2021, Tourism in protected and conserved areas amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Parks, 27, 103, 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2021.PARKS-27-SIAS.en Sri Lanka Tourism Alliance, 2020 Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA), 2019 Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA), 2020 Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA), 2022 Steven, 2021, Avitourism tribes: As diverse as the birds they watch, 101 Strangio, S. (2022). Thai tourism has turned a corner, senior officials say. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/thai-tourism-sector-has-turned-a-corner-senior-officials-say/. Strickland-Munro, 2010, Using resilience concepts to investigate the impacts of protected area tourism on communities, Annals of Tourism Research, 37, 499, 10.1016/j.annals.2009.11.001 Sultana, 2022 Sumanapala, 2022, The changing face of wildlife tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic: An opportunity to strive towards sustainability?, Current Issues in Tourism, 25, 357, 10.1080/13683500.2021.1960281 The Star, 2022 World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), 1999 Yeh, 2021, Tourism recovery strategy against COVID-19 pandemic, Tourism Recreation Research, 46, 188, 10.1080/02508281.2020.1805933 Zeppel, 2008, Conservation benefits of interpretation on marine wildlife tours, Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 13, 280, 10.1080/10871200802187105