Certifiable Disability in First Episode Schizophrenia: The Role of Adherence to Antipsychotic Treatment

Alvarez-Jimenez M, Parker AG, Hetrick SE, McGorry PD, Gleeson JF. Preventing the second episode: a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychosocial and pharmacological trials in first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37:619–30.

Thirthalli J, Kumar CN. Stigma and disability in schizophrenia: developing countries’ perspective. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2012;24:423–40.

Persons with Disabilities Act 1995 [database on the Internet]. http://socialjustice.nic.in/pwdact1995.php .

Persons with Disabilities Act. http://socialjustice.nic.in/policiesacts3.php . Accessed 20 Aug 2014.

Sanger TM, Lieberman JA, Tohen M, Grundy S, Beasley C Jr, Tollefson GD. Olanzapine versus haloperidol treatment in first-episode psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:79–87.

Lieberman JA, Tollefson G, Tohen M, Green AI, Gur RE, Kahn R, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:1396–404.

Schooler N, Rabinowitz J, Davidson M, Emsley R, Harvey PD, Kopala L, et al. Risperidone and haloperidol in first-episode psychosis: a long-term randomized trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:947–53.

Wig NN, Varma VK, Mattoo SK, Behere PB, Phookan HR, Misra AK, et al. An incidence study of schizophrenia in India. Indian J Psychiatry. 1993;35:11–7.

Rajkumar S, Padmavathi R, Thara R, Menon MS. Incidence of schizophrenia in an urban community in madras. Indian J Psychiatry. 1993;35:18–21.

Thirthalli J, Channaveerachari NK, Subbakrishna DK, Cottler LB, Varghese M, Gangadhar BN. Prospective study of duration of untreated psychosis and outcome of never-treated patients with schizophrenia in India. Indian J Psychiatry. 2011;53:319–23.

Robins LN Cottier LB, Bucholz KK, Comptom WM, North CS, Rourke KM (2000) Diagnostic interview schedule for the DSM-IV (DIS-IV).

Thirthalli J, Venkatesh BK, Kishorekumar KV, Arunachala U, Venkatasubramanian G, Subbakrishna DK, et al. Prospective comparison of course of disability in antipsychotic-treated and untreated schizophrenia patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009;119:209–17.

Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13:261–76.

Farooq S, Naeem F. Tackling nonadherence in psychiatric disorders: current opinion. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:1069–77.

Subotnik KL, Nuechterlein KH, Ventura J, Gitlin MJ, Marder S, Mintz J, et al. Risperidone nonadherence and return of positive symptoms in the early course of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:286–92.

Suresh KK, Kumar CN, Thirthalli J, Bijjal S, Venkatesh BK, Arunachala U, et al. Work functioning of schizophrenia patients in a rural south Indian community: status at 4-year follow-up. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012;47:1865–71.

Yadav MTJ, Kumar CN, Varghese M, Cottler LB. Reasons for non-adherence to antipsychotic medications in first episode schizophrenia in India: results from a Prospective Study. Bangalore, India: World Congress of the World Association for Psychosocial Rehabilitation; 2009.

Thara R, Rajkumar S. A study of sample attrition in follow up of schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry. 1990;32:217–22.

Robinson D, Woerner MG, Alvir JM, Bilder R, Goldman R, Geisler S, et al. Predictors of relapse following response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:241–7.