Celiac block for the treatment of pancreatic pain

Mayer RJ: Pancreatic cancer. In Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, edn 14. Edited by Fauci AS et al. New York: McGraw Hill; 1998:581–583.

Kalser MH, Barkin J, MacIntyre JM: Pancreatic cancer. Assessment of prognosis by clinical presentation. Cancer 1985, 56:397–402.

Polati E, Finco G, Rigo V, et al.: Il trattamento del dolore nelle neoplasie endoaddominali in fase avanzata. Chir Ital 1993, 45:79–84.

Polati E, Finco G, Gottin L, et al.: Prospective randomized double blind trial of neurolytic coeliac plexus block in patients with pancreatic cancer. Br J Surg 1998, 85:199–201. An excellent controlled double-blind study comparing neurolytic and anesthetic celiac plexus block, which demonstrated that the former can reduce the consumption of analgesic drugs and the incidence of drug-related side effects in patients with pancreatic cancer pain.

Sharfman WH, Walsh TD: Has the analgesic efficacy of neurolytic celiac plexus block been demonstrated in pancreatic cancer pain? Pain 1990, 41:267–271.

Brown DL: A retrospective analysis of neurolytic celiac plexus block for non-pancreatic intra-abdominal cancer pain. Reg Anesth 1989, 14:63–65.

Bridenbaugh LD, Moore DC, Campbell DD: Management of upper abdominal cancer pain: treatment with celiac plexus block with alcohol. JAMA 1964, 190:877–880.

Black A, Dweyer B: Coeliac plexus block. Anaesth Intensive Care 1973, 1:315–318.

Jones J, Gough D: Coeliac plexus block with alcohol for relief of upper abdominal pain due to cancer. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1977, 59:46–49.

Thompson GE, Moore DC, Brindenbaugh LD, et al.: Abdominal pain and alcohol celiac plexus nerve block. Anesth Analg 1977, 56:1–5.

Gestin Y, Marty-Ane I: Blocage-alcoolisation splanchnique. Utilisation dans 58 cas d’hyperalgie pancreatico-solaire d’origine tumorale (primitive ou secondaire). Anesth Analg Reanim 1981, 38:369–373.

Moore DC, Bush WH, Burnett LL: Celiac plexus block: a roentgenographic, anatomic study of technique and spread of solution in patients and corpses. Anesth Analg 1981, 60:369–379.

Filshie J, Goldoing S, Robbie DS, et al.: Unilateral computerized tomography guided celiac plexus block: a technique for pain relief. Anesthesia 1983, 38:498–503.

Ischia S, Luzzani A, Ischia A, et al.: A new approach to the neurolytic celiac plexus block: the transaortic technique. Pain 1983, 16:333–341.

Leung JW, Bowen-Wrigth M, Avelin W, et al.: Coeliac plexus block for pain in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1983, 70:730–732.

Brown DL, Bulley CK, Quiel EL: Neurolytic celiac plexus block for pancreatic cancer pain. Anest Analg 1987, 66:869–873.

Brown DL, Moore DC: The use of neurolytic celiac plexus block for pancreatic cancer: anatomy and technique. J Pain Symptom Manage 1988, 3:206–209.

Herpels V, Kurdziel JC, Dondelinger RF: Percutaneus CT guided nerve block of the celiac plexus and splanchnic nerves. Ann Radiol 1988, 31:291–296.

Montero Matamala A, Vidal Lopez F, Inaraja Martinez L: The percutaneous anterior approach to the celiac plexus using CT guidance. Pain 1988, 34:285–288.

Montero Matamala A, Vidal Lopez F, Aguilar Sanchez JL, et al.: Percutaneous anterior approach to the celiac plexus using ultrasound. Br J Anesth 1989, 62:637–640.

Liebermann RP, Waldmann SD: Celiac plexus neurolysis with the transaortic approach. Radiology 1990, 175:274–276.

Trentin L, Visentin M, Biscuola G: Tecniche di blocco del plesso celiaco e risultati clinici. Minerva Anestesiol 1990, 56:1439–1442.

Ventafridda GV, Caraceni AT, Sbanotto AM, et al.: Pain treatment in cancer of the pancreas. Eur J Surg Oncol 1990, 16:1–6.

Ischia S, Ischia A, Polati E, et al.: Three posterior percutaneous celiac plexus block techniques. A prospective, randomized study in 61 patients with pancreatic cancer pain. Anesthesiology 1992, 76:534–540.

Vijayaram S, Chandrashekar NS, Ramamani PV, et al.: CT-guided coeliac neurolysis for upper abdominal cancer. Pain Clin 1992, 5:165–173.

Fujita Y: CT-guided neurolytic splanchnic nerve block with alcohol. Pain 1993, 55:363–366.

Gimenez A, Martinez-Noguera A, Donoso L, et al.: Percutaneous neurolysis of the celiac plexus via the anterior approach with sonographic guidance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993, 161:1061–1063.

Lillemoe KD, Cameron JL, Kaufman HS, et al.: Chemical splanchnicectomy in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. A prospective randomized trial. Ann Surg 1993, 217:447–457.

Mercadante S: Celiac plexus block versus analgesics in pancreatic cancer pain. Pain 1993, 52:187–192.

Romanelli DF, Beckmann CF, Heiss FW: Celiac plexus block: efficacy and safety of the anterior approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993, 160:497–500.

Kawamata M, Kunihiko I, Kunitsugu I, et al.: Comparison between celiac plexus block and morphine treatment on quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer pain. Pain 1996, 64:597–602.

Ischia S, Polati E, Finco G, et al.: 1998 Labat Lecture: the role of the neurolytic celiac plexus block in pancreatic cancer pain management: do we have the answers? Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998, 23:611–614.

Kappis M: Erfahrungen mit localanesthesie bie bauchoperationen. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 1914, 43:87–89.

Boas RA: Sympathetic blocks in clinical practice. Int Anesthesiol Clin 1978, 4:149–182.

Ward EM, Rorie DK, Nauss LA, et al.: The celiac ganglia in man: normal anatomic variations. Anesth Analg 1979, 58:461–465.

Singler RC: An improved technique for alcohol neurolysis of the celiac plexus. Anesthesiology 1982, 56:137–141.

DeCicco M, Matovic M, Balestreri L, et al.: Single-needle celiac plexus block. Is needle position critical in patients with no regional anatomic distortion? Anesthesiology 1997, 87:1301–1308.

Hilgier M, Rykowsky JJ: One needle transcrural celiac plexus block. Single shot or continuous technique, or both. Reg Anesth 1994, 4:277–283.

Gardner AM, Solomou G: Relief of pain of unresectable carcinoma of pancreas by chemical splanchnicectomy during laparotomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1984, 66:409–411.

Eisenberg E, Carr DB, Chalmers TC: Neurolytic celiac plexus block for treatment of cancer pain: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 1995, 80:290–295.

Mercadante S: Octreotide in the treatment of diarrhoea induced by coeliac plexus block. Pain 1995, 61:345–346.

Galizia EJ, Lahiri SK: Paraplegia following coeliac plexus block with phenol. Br J Anaesth 1974, 46:539–540.

Cherry DA, Lamberty J: Paraplegia following coeliac plexus block. Anaesth Intensive Care 1984, 12:59–61.

Woodham MJ, Hanna MH: Paraplegia after coeliac plexus block. Anaesthesia 1989, 44:487–489.

Van Dongen RTM, Crul JP: Paraplegia following coeliac plexus block. Anaesthesia 1991, 46:862–863.

Jabbal SS, Hunton J: Reversible paraplegia following coeliac plexus block. Anaesthesia 1992, 47:857–858.

DeConno F, Caraceni A, Aldrighetti L, et al.: Paraplegia following coeliac plexus block. Pain 1993, 55:383–385.

Wong GJ, Brown DL: Transient paraplegia following alcohol celiac plexus block. Reg Anesth 1995, 20:352–355.

Takeda J, Namai H, Fukushima K: Anterior spinal artery syndrome after celiac plexus block. Anesth Analg 1996, 83:178–179.

Visentin M, Trentin L, Cappellari F: Paraplegia following coeliac plexus block. Pain Clin 1992, 5:249–252.

Kaplan R, Schff-Keren B, Alt E: Aortic dissection as a complication of celiac plexus block. Anesthesiology 1995, 83:632–635.

Traycoff RB, Khardori R, Zhong W: Comments on DeConno (Pain, 55 (1993) 383–385) and Brown (Pain, 56 (1994) 139–143). Pain 1995, 60:233–236.

Abdalla EK, Schell SR: Paraplegia following intraoperative celiac plexus injection. J Gastrointest Surg 1999, 3:668–671.

Ischia S, Luzzani A, Ischia A, et al.: Subarachnoid neurolytic block (L5-S1) and unilateral percutaneous cervical cordotomy in the treatment of pain secondary to pelvic malignant disease. Pain 1984, 20:139–149.

Boas RA: Diagnostic and therapeutic nerve blocks in altered sensation and pain. In Recent Achievements in Restorative Neurology. Altered Sensation and Pain. Edited by Dimitrijevic MR et al. Basel: Karger; 1990:17–26.

Buckley P: Interventional therapy for pain management. Curr Opin Anesthesiol 1993, 6:852–856.

Moore DC: Computed tomography eliminates paraplegia and/or death from neurolytic celiac plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1999, 24:484–485.

Ischia S, Polati E: Replay to Dr. Moore. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1999, 24:485–486. An updated report about the role of the radiographic guidance for the prevention of major neurologic complications of NCPB.

Davies DD: Incidence of major complications of neurolytic coeliac plexus block. J R Soc Med 1993, 86:264–266.

Brown DL, Rorie DK: Altered reactivity of isolated segmental lumbar arteries of dogs following exposure to ethanol and phenol. Pain 1994, 56:139–143.