Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Pinus tabulaeformis forest ecosystems in warm temperate Shanxi Province, north China

Aerts R, Chapin FS III (1999) The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: A re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Adv Ecol Res 30:1–67

Ågren GI (2004) The C:N:P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations. Ecol Lett 7:185–191

Ågren GI (2008) Stoichiometry and nutrition of plant growth in natural communities. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 39:153–170

Batjes NH (1996) Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European Journal of Soils Science 47:151–163

Chapin FS III, Moilanen L (1991) Nutritional controls over nitrogen and phosphorus resorption from Alaskan birch leaves. Ecology 72:709–715

Chapin FS III, Matson PA, Vitousek PM (2011) Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. Springer, New York

Davidson EA, de Carvalho CJR, Figueira AM, Ishida FY, Ometto JPHB, Nardoto GB, Sabá RT, Hayashi SN, Leal EC, Vieira ICG, Martinelli LA (2007) Recuperation of nitrogen cycling in Amazonian forests following agricultural abandonment. Nature 447:995–998

De Camargo PB, Trumbore SE, Martinelli LA, Davidson ECA, Nepstad DC, Victoria RL (1999) Soil carbon dynamics in regrowing forest of eastern Amazonia. Glob Change Biol 5:693–702

Elser JJ, Acharya K, Kyle M, Cotner J, Makino W, Markow T, Watts T, Hobbie S, Fagan W, Schade J, Hood J, Sterner RW (2003) Growth rate-stoichiometry couplings in divers biota. Ecol Lett 6:936–943

Elser JJ, Bracken MES, Cleland EE, Gruner DS, Harpole WS, Hillebrand H, Ngai JT, Seabloom EW, Shurin JB, Smith JE (2007) Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary production in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett 10:1135–1142

Fang YT, Mo JM, Peng SL, Li DJ (2003) Role of forest succession on carbon sequestration of forest ecosystems in lower subtropical China. Acta Ecol Sin 23:1685–1694 (in Chinese)

Feng JC (2010) Carbon storage of forest vegetation in Shanxi Province. Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology 39:16–18 (in Chinese)

Forest Resources Management Department (2003) The National Forest Inventory (NFI) technical regulations, revised edn. China State Forestry Administration, Beijing (in Chinese)

Frost PC, Evans-White MA, Finkel ZV, Jensen TC, Matzek V (2005) Are you what you eat? Physiological constraints on organismal stoichiometry in an elementally imbalanced world. Oikos 109:18–28

Goddert VO, Power SA, Falk K, Friedrich U, Mohamed A, Krug A, Boschatzke N, Härdtle W (2010) N:P ratio and the nature of nutrient limitation in Calluna-Dominated Heathlands. Ecosystems 13:317–327

Güsewell S (2004) N:P ratios in terrestrial plants: Variation and functional significance. New Phytol 164:243–266

Güsewell S, Koerselman W, Verhoeven JTA (2003) Biomass N:P ratios as indicators of nutrient limitation for plant populations in Wetlands. Ecol Appl 13:372–384

Han WX, Fang JY, Guo DL, Zhang Y (2005) Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China. New Phytol 164:243–266

Han WX, Wu Y, Tang LY, Chen YH, Li LP, He JS, Fang JY (2009) Leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across plant species in Beijing and its periphery. Acta Scientiarum Naturalum Unicersitais Pekinensis 45:855–860

He JS, Fang JY, Wang Z, Guo D, Flynn DFB, Gerg Z (2006) Stiochiometry and large-scale patterns of leaf carbon and nitrogen in the grassland biomes of China. Oecologia 149:115–122

He JS, Wang L, Flynn DFB, Wang XP, Ma WH, Fang JY (2008) Leaf nitrogen: Phosphorus stoichiometry across Chinese grassland biomes. Oecologia 155:301–310

Hessen DO, Ågren GI, Anderson TR, Elser JJ, de Ruiter PC (2004) Carbon sequestration in ecosystems: The role of stoichiometry. Ecology 85:1179–1192

Hogan EJ, Minnullina G, Smith RI, Crittenden PD (2010) Effects of nitrogen enrichment on phosphatase activity and nitrogen: Phosphorus relationships in Cladonia portentosa. New Phytol 186:911–925

Huang CY (2000) Pedology. Chinese Agricultural Press, Beijing (in Chinese)

Koerselman W, Meuleman AFM (1996) The vegetation N:P ratio: A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. J Appl Ecol 33:1441–1450

Lal R (2004) Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global change and food security. Science 304:1623–1627

Marschner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, New York

McGroddy ME, Daufresne T, Hedin LO (2004) Scaling of C:N:P stoichiometry in forests worldwide: Implications of terrestrial redfield-type ratios. Ecology 85:2390–2401

Niinemets U, Kull O (1999) Biomass investment in leaf lamina versus lamina support in relation to growth irradiance and leaf size in temperate deciduous trees. Tree Physiol 19:349–358

Niva M, Svensson BM, Karlsson PS (2003) Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of the clonal plant Linnaea borealis in relation to reproductive state and resource availability. Funct Ecol 17:438–444

Richardson SJ, Allen RB, Doherty JE (2008) Shifts in leaf N:P ratio during resorption reflect soil P in temperate rainforest. Funct Ecol 22:738–745

State Forestry Administration (1999) Forest soil analysis method (the forestry industry standard of the People’s Republic of China). Standards Press of China, Beijing (in Chinese)

Sterner RW, Elser JJ (2002) Ecological stoichiometry: The biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ

Stevenson FJ, Cole MA (1999) Cycles of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, micronutrients. Wiley, Hoboken

Tessier JT, Raynal DJ (2003) Use of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in plant tissue as an indicator of nutrient limitation and nitrogen saturation. J Appl Ecol 40:523–534

Wang SQ, Yu GR (2008) Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus elements. Acta Ecol Sin 28:3937–3947 (in Chinese)

Wang JY, Wang SQ, Li RL, Yan JH, Sha LQ, Han SJ (2011) C:N:P stoichiometric characteristics of four forest types’ dominant tree species in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 35:587–595 (in Chinese)

Wardle DA, Walker LR, Bardgett RD (2004) Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences. Science 305:509–513

Wu G, Feng ZW (1994) Study on the social characteristics and eiomass of the Pinus tabulaeformis forest systems in China. Acta Ecol Sin 14:415–422 (in Chinese)

Yan ER, Wang XH, Guo M, Zhong Q, Zhou W (2010) C:N:P stoichiometry across evergreen broad-leaved forests, evergreen coniferous forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests in the Tiantong region, Zhejiang Province, eastern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 34:48–57 (in Chinese)

Yu Q, Chen QS, Elser JJ, He NP, Wu HH, Zhang GM, Wu JG, Bai YF, Han XG (2010) Linking stoichiometric homeostasis with ecosystem structure, functioning, and stability. Ecol Lett 13:1390–1399

Yu Q, Elser JJ, He NP, Wu HH, Chen QS, Zhang GM, Han XG (2011) Stoichiometric homeostasis of vasular plants in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Oecologia 166:1–10

Yu Q, Wilcox K, Pierre KL, Knapp AK, Han XG, Smith MD (2015) Stoichiometric homeostasis predicts plant species dominance, temporal stability, and responses to global change. Ecology 96(9):2328–2335

Zeng DH, Chen GS (2005) Ecological stoichiometry: A science to explore the complexity of living systems. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 29(6):1007–1019 (in Chinese)

Zhang LX, Bai YF, Han XG (2003) Application of N:P stoichiometry to ecology studies. Acta Botanica Sinica 45:1009–1018 (in Chinese)

Zhang ZJ, Elser JJ, Cease AJ, Zhang XM, Yu Q, Han XG, Zhang GM (2014) Grasshoppers regulate N:P stoichiometric homeostasis by changing phosphorus contents in their frass. PLoS ONE 9(8):e103697