Cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: proposal and multi-institutional validation of a post-operative nomogram

Ariane MM, Colin P, Ouzzane A, Pignot G, Audouin M, Cornu JN, Albouy B, Guillotreau J, Neuzillet Y, Crouzet S, Hurel S, Arroua F, Bigot P, Marchand C, Fais PO, de la Taille A, Saint F, Ravier E, Matte A, Guy L, Bruyere F, Roupret M ( 2012 ) Assessment of oncologic control obtained after open versus laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UUT-UCs): results from a large french multicenter collaborative study . Ann Surg Oncol 19 (1) : 301 – 308

Bradley E, Tibshirani RJ ( 1993 ) Monographs On Statistics And Applied Probability: An Introduction To The Bootstrap . Chapman and Hall/CRC Press: Florida, pp 275

Capitanio U, Jeldres C, Shariat SF, Karakiewicz P ( 2008 ) Clinicians are most familiar with nomograms and rate their clinical usefulness highest, look-up tables are second best . Eur Urol 54 : 958 – 959

Capitanio U, Shariat SF, Isbarn H, Weizer A, Remzi M, Roscigno M, Kikuchi E, Raman JD, Bolenz C, Bensalah K, Koppie TM, Kassouf W, Fernandez MI, Strobel P, Wheat J, Zigeuner R, Langner C, Waldert M, Oya M, Guo CC, Ng C, Montorsi F, Wood CG, Margulis V, Karakiewicz PI ( 2009 ) Comparison of oncologic outcomes for open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: a multi-institutional analysis of 1249 cases . Eur Urol 56 : 1 – 9

Chun FK-H, Briganti A, Karakiewicz PI, Graefen M ( 2008 ) Should we use nomograms to predict outcome? Eur Urol Suppl 7 (5) : 396 – 399

D’Amico AV, Whittington R, Malkowicz SB, Fondurulia J, Chen MH, Kaplan I, Beard CJ, Tomaszewski JE, Renshaw AA, Wein A, Coleman CN ( 1999 ) Pretreatment nomogram for prostate-specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy or external-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer . J Clin Oncol 17 : 168 – 172

Edwards BK, Ward E, Kohler BA, Eheman C, Zauber AG, Anderson RN, Jemal A, Schymura MJ, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Seeff LC, van Ballegooijen M, Goede SL, Ries LA ( 2006 ) Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates . Cancer 116 : 544 – 573

Epstein JI, Amin MB, Reuter VR, Mostofi FK ( 1998 ) The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder . Am J Surg Pathol 22 : 1435 – 1448

Favaretto RL, Shariat SF, Savage C, Godoy G, Chade DC, Kaag M, Bochner BH, Coleman J, Dalbagni G ( 2011 ) Combining imaging and ureteroscopy variables in a preoperative multivariable model for prediction of muscle-invasive and non-organ confined disease in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma . BJU Int 109 (1) : 77 – 82

Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, Fritz A, Balch CM, Heller DG, Morrow M ( 2002 ) American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, 6th edn. Springer: Philadelphia

Hall MC, Womack S, Sagalowsky AI, Carmody T, Erickstad MD, Roehrborn CG ( 1998 ) Prognostic factors, recurrence, and survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: a 30-year experience in 252 patients . Urology 52 : 594 – 601

Harrell Jr FE ( 2009 ) Design: Design Package. R package version 2.3-0, http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Design

Harrell Jr FE, Lee KL, Mark DB ( 1996 ) Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors . Stat Med 15 : 361 – 387

Hupertan V, Roupret M, Poisson JF, Chretien Y, Dufour B, Thiounn N, Mejean A ( 2006 ) Low predictive accuracy of the Kattan postoperative nomogram for renal cell carcinoma recurrence in a population of French patients . Cancer 107 : 2604 – 2608

Iasonos A, Schrag D, Raj GV, Panageas KS ( 2008 ) How to build and interpret a nomogram for cancer prognosis . J Clin Oncol 26 : 1364 – 1370

Jeldres C, Sun M, Lughezzani G, Isbarn H, Shariat SF, Widmer H, Graefen M, Montorsi F, Perrotte P, Karakiewicz PI ( 2010 ) Highly predictive survival nomogram after upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma . Cancer 116 : 3774 – 3784

Karakiewicz PI, Briganti A, Chun FK, Trinh QD, Perrotte P, Ficarra V, Cindolo L, De la Taille A, Tostain J, Mulders PF, Salomon L, Zigeuner R, Prayer-Galetti T, Chautard D, Valeri A, Lechevallier E, Descotes JL, Lang H, Mejean A, Patard JJ ( 2007 ) Multi-institutional validation of a new renal cancer-specific survival nomogram . J Clin Oncol 25 : 1316 – 1322

Kattan MW, Eastham JA, Stapleton AM, Wheeler TM, Scardino PT ( 1998 ) A preoperative nomogram for disease recurrence following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer . J Natl Cancer Inst 90 : 766 – 771

Kattan MW, Reuter V, Motzer RJ, Katz J, Russo P ( 2001 ) A postoperative prognostic nomogram for renal cell carcinoma . J Urol 166 : 63 – 67

Malmstrom PU, Busch C, Norlen BJ ( 1987 ) Recurrence, progression and survival in bladder cancer. A retrospective analysis of 232 patients with greater than or equal to 5-year follow-up . Scand J Urol Nephrol 21 : 185 – 195

Margulis V, Shariat SF, Matin SF, Kamat AM, Zigeuner R, Kikuchi E, Lotan Y, Weizer A, Raman JD, Wood CG ( 2009 ) Outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy: a series from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration . Cancer 115 : 1224 – 1233

Margulis V, Youssef RF, Karakiewicz PI, Lotan Y, Wood CG, Zigeuner R, Kikuchi E, Weizer A, Raman JD, Remzi M, Roscigno M, Montorsi F, Bolenz C, Kassouf W, Shariat SF ( 2010 ) Preoperative multivariable prognostic model for prediction of nonorgan confined urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract . J Urol 184 : 453 – 458

Mostofi FK, Sobin LH, Tosoni I ( 1973 ) Histological Typing Of Urinary Bladder Tumours. International Classification Of Tumours, No.19 World Health Organisation: Geneva

R Development Core Team ( 2011 ) A Language And Environment For Statistical Computing . R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria, ISBN 3-900051-07-0 . http://www.R-project.org/

Ross PL, Gerigk C, Gonen M, Yossepowitch O, Cagiannos I, Sogani PC, Scardino PT, Kattan MW ( 2002 ) Comparisons of nomograms and urologists’ predictions in prostate cancer . Semin Urol Oncol 20 : 82 – 88

Roupret M, Hupertan V, Comperat E, Drouin SJ, Phe V, Xylinas E, Demanse D, Sibony M, Richard F, Cussenot O ( 2009 ) Cross-cultural validation of a prognostic tool: example of the Kattan preoperative nomogram as a predictor of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy . BJU Int 104 : 813 – 817

Roupret M, Zigeuner R, Palou J, Boehle A, Kaasinen E, Sylvester R, Babjuk M, Oosterlinck W ( 2011 ) European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinomas: 2011 update . Eur Urol 59 : 584 – 594

Shariat SF, Karakiewicz PI, Palapattu GS, Amiel GE, Lotan Y, Rogers CG, Vazina A, Bastian PJ, Gupta A, Sagalowsky AI, Schoenberg M, Lerner SP ( 2006 ) Nomograms provide improved accuracy for predicting survival after radical cystectomy . Clin Cancer Res 12 : 6663 – 6676

Shariat SF, Walz J, Roehrborn CG, Zlotta AR, Perrotte P, Suardi N, Saad F, Karakiewicz PI ( 2008 ) External validation of a biomarker-based preoperative nomogram predicts biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy . J Clin Oncol 26 : 1526 – 1531

Zini L, Cloutier V, Isbarn H, Perrotte P, Capitanio U, Jeldres C, Shariat SF, Saad F, Arjane P, Duclos A, Lattouf JB, Montorsi F, Karakiewicz PI ( 2009 ) A simple and accurate model for prediction of cancer-specific mortality in patients treated with surgery for primary penile squamous cell carcinoma . Clin Cancer Res 15 : 1013 – 1018