Band-gap energy estimation from diffuse reflectance measurements on sol–gel and commercial TiO2: a comparative study
Tóm tắt
A comparison of the band gap energy estimated from UV–vis reflectance spectra of TiO2 powders prepared by sol–gel route versus commercial TiO2 powders, nanopowder, bulkpowder and P25 is reported. The experimental results obtained from the optical absorption spectra were reported for all the TiO2 samples. Graphic representations were used to calculate Eg: absorbance versus λ; F(R) versus E; (F(R) hν)n versus E, with n = ½ for an indirect allowed transition and n = 2 for a direct allowed transition. From the results, it could be seen that Eg strongly varied according to the equation used for the graphic representation. Differences in Eg up to 0.5 eV for the same semiconductor depending on the transition chosen were observed. Accurate Eg estimation in the four semiconductors studied was obtained by using the general equation α (hν) ≈ B (hν − Eg)n (where α ~ F(R)) and indirect allowed transition.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=J Nano Res; citation_author=F Galindo, R Gómez; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=87; citation_doi=10.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.5.87; citation_id=CR1
citation_journal_title=J Ceram Process Res; citation_author=F Galindo, R Gómez, G Del Ángel, C Guzmán; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=616; citation_id=CR2
citation_journal_title=Catal Today; citation_author=R López, R Gómez, ME Llanos; citation_volume=148; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=103; citation_doi=10.1016/j.cattod.2009.04.001; citation_id=CR3
citation_journal_title=Phys Rev B; citation_author=N Daude, C Gout, C Jouanin; citation_volume=15; citation_publication_date=1977; citation_pages=3229; citation_doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.15.3229; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=J Phys Chem; citation_author=N Serpone, D Lawless, R Khairutdinov; citation_volume=99; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=16646; citation_doi=10.1021/j100045a026; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=Chin Phys Soc; citation_author=C Qiang, C Hong–Hong; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=2121; citation_doi=10.1088/1009-1963/13/12/025; citation_id=CR6
citation_title=Physics of semiconductor devices; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_id=CR7; citation_author=SM Sze; citation_author=K Kwok; citation_publisher=Wiley
citation_inbook_title=Contacts to semiconductors: fundamentals and technology; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_id=CR8; citation_author=ED Marshall; citation_author=M Murakami; citation_publisher=Noyes publications
Schiavello M (1998) Heterogeneous photocatalysis. Wiley series in photoscience and photoengineering, New York
citation_journal_title=Phys Stat Sol; citation_author=SP Tandon, JP Gupta; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=1970; citation_pages=363; citation_doi=10.1002/pssb.19700380136; citation_id=CR10
citation_journal_title=Proc Phys Soc B; citation_author=PD Fosch; citation_volume=69; citation_publication_date=1956; citation_pages=70; citation_id=CR11
citation_journal_title=Opt Spektrosk; citation_author=IP Shapiro; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=1958; citation_pages=256; citation_id=CR12
citation_inbook_title=Photocatalysis: fundamentals and applications; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_id=CR13; citation_author=NS Lewis; citation_author=ML Rosenbluth; citation_publisher=Wiley-Interscience
citation_title=Optical processes in semiconductors; citation_publication_date=1975; citation_id=CR14; citation_author=JI Pankove; citation_publisher=Dover
Candal RJ, Bilmes SA, Blesa MA (2001) Eliminación de contaminantes por Fotocatálisis Heterogénea, Texto colectivo elaborado por la Red CYTED VIII-G, Madrid
citation_inbook_title=Handbook of optical constants of solids; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=197; citation_id=CR16; citation_author=DW Lynch; citation_publisher=Academic Press
citation_inbook_title=Handbook of optical constants of solids; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=111; citation_id=CR17; citation_author=P Apell; citation_author=O Hunderi; citation_publisher=Academic Press
citation_inbook_title=Handbook of optical constants of solids; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=163; citation_id=CR18; citation_author=AR Forouhi; citation_author=I Bloomer; citation_publisher=Academic Press
citation_inbook_title=Handbook of photovoltaic science and engineering; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_id=CR19; citation_author=JL Gray; citation_publisher=Wiley
citation_inbook_title=Handbook of optics, volume ii—devices, measurements, and properties; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_id=CR20; citation_author=PM Amirtharaj; citation_author=DG Seiler; citation_publisher=McGraw-Hill
citation_inbook_title=Handbook of optics, volume i—fundamentals, techniques and design; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_id=CR21; citation_author=A Miller; citation_publisher=McGraw-Hill
citation_journal_title=Z Tech Phys; citation_author=P Kubelka, F Munk; citation_volume=12; citation_publication_date=1931; citation_pages=593; citation_id=CR22
citation_journal_title=J Opt Soc Am; citation_author=P Kubelka; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=1948; citation_pages=448; citation_doi=10.1364/JOSA.38.000448; citation_id=CR23
citation_journal_title=Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells; citation_author=AB Murphy; citation_volume=91; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=1326; citation_doi=10.1016/j.solmat.2007.05.005; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=J Opt Soc Am A; citation_author=L Yang, B Kruse; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=1933; citation_doi=10.1364/JOSAA.21.001933; citation_id=CR25
citation_journal_title=J Opt Soc Am A; citation_author=L Yang, B Kruse, SJ Miklavcic; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=1942; citation_doi=10.1364/JOSAA.21.001942; citation_id=CR26
citation_journal_title=J Opt Soc Am A; citation_author=L Yang, SJ Miklavcic; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=1866; citation_doi=10.1364/JOSAA.22.001866; citation_id=CR27
citation_journal_title=J Phys D Appl Phys; citation_author=AA Kokhanovsky; citation_volume=40; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=2210; citation_doi=10.1088/0022-3727/40/7/053; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=J Opt Soc Am A; citation_author=P Edström; citation_volume=24; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=548; citation_doi=10.1364/JOSAA.24.000548; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=J Opt Soc Am A; citation_author=L Yang, SJ Miklavcic, B Kruse; citation_volume=24; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=557; citation_doi=10.1364/JOSAA.24.000557; citation_id=CR30
citation_journal_title=Science; citation_author=SUM Khan, M Al-Shahry, WB Ingler; citation_volume=297; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=2243; citation_doi=10.1126/science.1075035; citation_id=CR31
citation_journal_title=Appl Surf Sci; citation_author=J Yang, H Bai, X Tan, J Lian; citation_volume=253; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=1988; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.03.078; citation_id=CR32
citation_journal_title=Appl Catal A; citation_author=C He, XZ Li, N Graham, Y Wang; citation_volume=305; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=54; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apcata.2006.02.051; citation_id=CR33
citation_journal_title=J Photochem Photobiol A; citation_author=C Graf, R Ohser-Wiedemann, G Kreisel; citation_volume=188; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=226; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.12.019; citation_id=CR34
citation_journal_title=J Mol Catal A Chem; citation_author=R Gómez, T López, E Ortiz-Islas, J Navarrete, E Sánchez, F Tzompanztzi, X Bokhimi; citation_volume=193; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=217; citation_doi=10.1016/S1381-1169(02)00473-9; citation_id=CR35
citation_journal_title=J Mol Catal A Chem; citation_author=T López, J Hernandez-Ventura, R Gómez, F Tzompantzi, E Sánchez, X Bokhimi, A García; citation_volume=167; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=101; citation_doi=10.1016/S1381-1169(00)00496-9; citation_id=CR36
citation_journal_title=J Appl Phys; citation_author=H Tang, K Prasad, R Sanjines, PE Schmid, F Lévy; citation_volume=75; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=2042; citation_doi=10.1063/1.356306; citation_id=CR37
citation_journal_title=J Chem Phys; citation_author=X Fan, T Yu, L Zhang, X Chen, Z Zou; citation_volume=20; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=733; citation_id=CR38
citation_journal_title=Appl Surf Sci; citation_author=P Sudhagar, R Sathyamoorthy, S Chandramohan; citation_volume=254; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=1919; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.07.196; citation_id=CR39
citation_journal_title=J Phys Chem Solids; citation_author=J Chung, J Chen, C Tseng; citation_volume=69; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=535; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.07.040; citation_id=CR40
citation_journal_title=Appl Surf Sci; citation_author=AA Akl, H Kamal, K Abdel-Hady; citation_volume=252; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=8651; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.12.001; citation_id=CR41
citation_journal_title=Mater Chem Phys; citation_author=KM Reddy, SV Manorama, AR Reddy; citation_volume=78; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=239; citation_doi=10.1016/S0254-0584(02)00343-7; citation_id=CR42
citation_journal_title=Electrochim Acta; citation_author=P Kumar, LK Malhotra; citation_volume=49; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=3355; citation_doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2004.02.044; citation_id=CR43
citation_journal_title=Sens Actuators B; citation_author=PC Lekha, E Subramanian, DP Padiyan; citation_volume=122; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=274; citation_doi=10.1016/j.snb.2006.05.041; citation_id=CR44
citation_journal_title=Vacuum; citation_author=D Herman, J Sicha, J Musil; citation_volume=81; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=285; citation_doi=10.1016/j.vacuum.2006.04.004; citation_id=CR45
citation_journal_title=Phys Rev B; citation_author=JR Simpson, HD Drew; citation_volume=69; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=193205; citation_doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.69.193205; citation_id=CR46
citation_journal_title=Appl Surf Sci; citation_author=L Miao, P Jin, K Kaneko, A Terai, N Nabatova-Gabain, S Tanemura; citation_volume=212; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=255; citation_doi=10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00106-5; citation_id=CR47
citation_journal_title=Thin Solid Films; citation_author=S Beke, S Giorgio, L Kőrösi, L Nánai, W Marine; citation_volume=516; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=4659; citation_doi=10.1016/j.tsf.2007.08.113; citation_id=CR48
citation_journal_title=Nanotechnology; citation_author=RR Yeredla, H Xu; citation_volume=19; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=055706; citation_doi=10.1088/0957-4484/19/05/055706; citation_id=CR49
citation_journal_title=Appl Catal B; citation_author=H Lin, CP Huang, W Li, C Ni, S Ismat Shah, Y Tseng; citation_volume=68; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=1; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.07.018; citation_id=CR50
citation_journal_title=Appl Catal A; citation_author=J Aguado, R Grieten, MJ López, J Marugán; citation_volume=312; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=202; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apcata.2006.07.003; citation_id=CR51
citation_journal_title=Phys Stat Sol; citation_author=J Tauc, R Grigorovici, A Vancu; citation_volume=15; citation_publication_date=1966; citation_pages=627; citation_doi=10.1002/pssb.19660150224; citation_id=CR52
citation_journal_title=Appl Catal B; citation_author=S Sakthivel, MC Hidalgo, DW Bahnemann, SU Geissen, V Murugesan, A Vogelpohl; citation_volume=63; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=31; citation_doi=10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.08.011; citation_id=CR53
citation_journal_title=Plasma Sci Technol; citation_author=X Yu, X Shenhua, N Zhaoyuan, C Jun, L Xinhua, X Suliu, H Song, D Wei, C Shanhua; citation_volume=6; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=2337; citation_doi=10.1088/1009-0630/6/3/014; citation_id=CR54
citation_journal_title=Mater Sci Eng B; citation_author=M Yamaguchi, C Ogihara, K Morigaki; citation_volume=97; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=135; citation_doi=10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00422-1; citation_id=CR55
citation_journal_title=Radiat Meas; citation_author=D Sinha, T Phukan, SP Tripathy, R Mishra, KK Dwivedi; citation_volume=34; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=109; citation_doi=10.1016/S1350-4487(01)00133-0; citation_id=CR56
citation_journal_title=J Phys Condens Matter; citation_author=B Miao, J Hong, P Chen, X Yuan, M Han, G Wang; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=10985; citation_doi=10.1088/0953-8984/9/49/016; citation_id=CR57
citation_journal_title=J Phys Chem Solids; citation_author=W Zhou, S Xie, S Qian, G Wang, L Qian, L Sun, D Tang, Z Liu; citation_volume=61; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=1165; citation_doi=10.1016/S0022-3697(99)00378-9; citation_id=CR58
citation_journal_title=Thin Solid Films; citation_author=S Lee, DW Shin, WM Kim, B Cheong, T Lee, KS Lee, S Cho; citation_volume=514; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=296; citation_doi=10.1016/j.tsf.2006.02.075; citation_id=CR59
citation_journal_title=J Phys D Appl Phys; citation_author=S Chatterjee; citation_volume=41; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=055301; citation_doi=10.1088/0022-3727/41/5/055301; citation_id=CR60
citation_journal_title=Micropor Mesopor Mater; citation_author=V Stengl, S Bakardjieva, N Murafa, V Houskova, K Lang; citation_volume=110; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=370; citation_doi=10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.06.052; citation_id=CR61
citation_journal_title=J Phys Chem C; citation_author=SY Ryu, W Balcerski, TK Lee, MR Hoffmann; citation_volume=111; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=18195; citation_doi=10.1021/jp074860e; citation_id=CR62
citation_journal_title=Chem Mater; citation_author=K Zaghib, A Mauger, JB Goodenough, F Gendron, CM Julien; citation_volume=19; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=3740; citation_doi=10.1021/cm0710296; citation_id=CR63
citation_journal_title=Environ Sci Technol; citation_author=Q Li, R Xie, YW Li, EA Mintz, JK Shang; citation_volume=41; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=5050; citation_doi=10.1021/es062753c; citation_id=CR64
citation_journal_title=J Cryst Growth; citation_author=L Miao, S Tanemura, H Watanabe, Y Mori, K Kaneko, S Toh; citation_volume=260; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=118; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.08.010; citation_id=CR65