Assessment of conjugal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella Typhimurium exposed to bile salts
Tóm tắt
This study was designed to evaluate the transfer potential of antibiotic resistance genes in antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (S. TyphimuriumR) in the presence of bile salts. The resistance of S. TyphimuriumR to ampicillin, kanamycin, and tetracycline was increased by 64-, 64-, and 512-fold, respectively. The highest transfer frequency from S. TyphimuriumR to Escherichia coli was observed at the bile salt concentration of 160 μg/ml (3.8 × 10−3 transferrants/cells). The expression of traJ and traY was suppressed in S. TyphimuriumR by bile salt. This study provides useful information for understanding the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in S. Typhimurium under intestinal conditions.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bernstein, C., Bernstein, H., Payne, C.M., Beard, S.E., and Schneider, J. 1999. Bile salt activation of stress response promoters in Escherichia coli. Curr. Microbiol. 39, 68–72.
de la Cruz, F., Frost, L.S., Meyer, R.J., and Zechner, E.L. 2009. Conjugative DNA metabolism in Gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 34, 1–40.
Fluit, A.C. 2005. Towards more virulent and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella? FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 43, 1–11.
Fluit, A.C. and Schmitz, F.J. 1999. Class 1 integrons, gene cassettes, mobility, and epidemiology. Eur., J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18, 761–770.
Frost, L.S. and Koraimann, G. 2010. Regulation of bacterial conjugation: balancing opportunity with adversity. Future Microbiol. 5, 1057–1071.
Garcia-Quintanilla, M., Ramos-Morales, F., and Casadesus, J. 2008. Conjugal transfer of the Salmonella enterica virulence plasmid in the mouse intestine. J. Bacteriol. 190, 1922–1927.
Grohmann, E., Muth, G., and Espinosa, M. 2003. Conjugative plasmid transfer in Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 67, 277–301.
Guerra, B., Soto, S., Helmuth, R., and Mendoza, M.C. 2002. Characterization of a self-transferable plasmid from Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium clinical isolates carrying two integronborne gene cassettes together with virulence and drug resistance genes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 2977–2981.
Hsu, S.C., Chiu, T.H., Pang, J.C., Hsuan-Yuan, C.H., Chang, G.N., and Tsen, H.Y. 2006. Characterisation of antimicrobial resistance patterns and class 1 integrons among Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis strains isolated from humans and swine in Taiwan. Int., J. Antimicrob. Agents 27, 383–391.
Jones, Y.E., Chappell, S., McLaren, I.M., Davies, R.H., and Wray, C. 2002. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolated from animals and their environment in England and Wales from 1988 to 1999. Vet. Rec. 150, 649–654.
Koraimann, G., Teferle, K., Markolin, G., Woger, W., and Hogenauer, G. 1996. The FinOP repressor system of plasmid R1: analysis of the antisense RNA control of traJ expression and conjugative DNA transfer. Mol. Microbiol. 21, 811–821.
Kristoffersen, S.M., Ravnum, S., Tourasse, N.J., Okstad, O.A., Kolsto, A.B., and Davies, W. 2007. Low concentrations of bile salts induce stress responses and reduce motility in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14570. J. Bacteriol. 189, 5302–5313.
Livak, K.J. and Schmittgen, T.D. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method. Methods 25, 402–408.
Mazodier, P. and Davies, J. 1991. Gene transfer between distantly related bacteria. Ann. Rev. Genet. 25, 147–171.
Molla, B., Miko, A., Pries, K., Hildebrandt, G., Kleer, J., Schroeter, A., and Helmuth, R. 2007. Class 1 integrons and resistance gene cassettes among multidrug resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from slaughter animals and foods of animal origin in Ethiopia. Acta Trop. 103, 142–149.
Prouty, A.M., Brodsky, I.E., Falkow, S., and Gunn, J.S. 2004. Bilesalt-mediated induction of antimicrobial and bile resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. Microbiology 150, 775–783.
Romero, D.A. and Mckay, L.L. 1985. Isolation and plasmid characterization of a Lactobacillus species in the manufacture of fermented sausage. J. Food Prot. 48, 1028–1035.
Rotger, R. and Casadesus, J. 1999. The virulence plasmids of Salmonella. Int. Microbiol. 2, 177–184.
Serna, A., Espinosa, E., Camacho, E.M., and Casadesus, J. 2010. Regulation of bacterial conjugation in microaerobiosis by hostencoded functions ArcAB and sdhABCD. Genetics 184, 947–958.
Villa, L. and Carattoli, A. 2005. Integrons and transposons on the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium virulence plasmid. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 1194–1197.
West, C.A. and Warner, P.J. 1985. Plasmid profiles and transfer of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance in Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50, 1319–1321.