Anti-asthmatic action of quercetin and rutin in conscious guinea-pigs challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin

Abraham, W. M., Sielczak, M. W., Wanner, A., Perruchoud, A. P., Blinder, L., Stevenson, J.S., Ahmed, A., and Yerger, L.D., Cellular markers of inflammation in the airways of allergic sheep with and without allergen-induced late responses.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 138, 1565–1571 (1988).

Andersson, P., Brange, C., von Kogerer, B., Sonmark, B., and Stahre, G., Effect of glucocorticosteroid treatment on oval- bumin-induced IgE-mediated immediate and late allergic response in guinea pig.Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 87, 32–39 (1993).

Aoki, S., Boubekeur, K., Kristersson, A., Morley, J., and Sanjar, S., Is allergic airway hyperreactivity of the guinea pig dependent on eosinophil accumulation in the lung?Br. J. Pharmacol., 94, 365–371 (1988).

Bennett, J. P., Gomperts, B. D., and Wollenweber, E., Inhibitory effects of natural flavonoids on secretion from mast cells and neutrophils.Arzneimittelforschung., 31, 433–437 (1981).

Bousquet, J., Jeffery, P., Busse, W. W., Johnson, M., and Vignola, A. M., Asthma: from bronchoconstriction to airway inflammation and remodeling.Am. J. Respir. Care Med., 161, 1720- 1745 (2000).

Chabot-Fletcher, M. C., Underwood, D. C., Breton, J. J., Adams, J. L., Kagey-Sobotka, A., Griswold, D. E., Marshall, L. A., Sarau, H. M., Winkler, J. D., and Hay, D. W., Pharmacological characterization of SB 202235, a potent and selective 5- lipoxygenase inhibitor: effects in models of allergic asthma.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 273, 1147–1155 (1995).

Chakravarthy, B. K., Rao, V. Y., Gambhir, S. S., and Gode, K. D., Isolation of Amentoflavone from Selaginella rupestris and its Pharmacological Activity on Central Nervous System, Smooth Muscles and Isolated Frog Heart Preparations.Planta Med., 43, 64–70 (1981).

Cockcroft, D. W. and Murdok, K. Y., Comparative effect of inhaled salbutamol, sodium cromoglycate and beclomethasone dipropionateon allergen-induced early asthmatic responses, late asthmatic responses and increased bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 79, 734–740 (1987).

Dahren, S. E., Bjork, J., Hedqvist, P., Hammarstorm, S., and Samuelsson, B., Leukotriens are potent constrictors of human bronchi.Nature, 288, 484–486 (1980).

DeMonchy, J. G. R., Kauffman, H. F., and Venge, P., Broncho- alveolar eosinophilia during allergen induced late asthmatic reactions.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 131, 373–376 (1985).

Dorsch, W., Ettl, M., Hein, G., Scheftner, P., Weber, J., Bayer, T., and Wagner, H., Antiasthmatic effects of onions. Inhibition of platelet-activating factor-induced bronchial obstruction by onion oils.Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 82, 535–536 (1987).

Dorsch, W. and Wagner, H., New antiasthmatic drugs from traditional medicine?Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 94, 262–265 (1991).

Drazen, J. M., Austen, K. F., Lewis, R. A., Clark, D. A., Goto, G., Marfat, A., and Corey, E. J., Comparative airway and vascular activities of leukotrienes C-1 and Din vivo andin vitro.Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 77, 4354–4358 (1980).

Dunn, C. J., Elliot, G. A., Oosteen, J. A., and Richards, I. M., Development of a prolonged eosinophil-rich inflammatory leukocyte infiltration in the guinea-pigs asthmatic response to ovalbumin inhalation.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 137, 541–547 (1998).

Fewtrell, C. M. S. and Gomperts, B. D., Effect of flavone inhibitors of transport ATPases on histamine secretion from rat mast cells.Nature, 265, 635–636 (1997).

Ford-Hutchinson, A. W., Bray, M. A., Doig, M. V., Shipley, M. E., and Smith, M. J., Leukotriene B, a potent chemokinetic and aggregating substance released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Nature, 286, 264–265 (1980).

Griffiths, G., Trueman, L., Crowther, T., Thomas, B., and Smith, B., Onions-a global benefit to health.Phytother. Res., 16, 603–615 (2002).

Gulbenkian, A. R., Fernandez, X., Kreutner, W., Minnicozzi, M., Watnick, A. S., Kung, T., and Egan, R. W., Anaphylactic challenge causes eosinophil accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of guinea pigs.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 142, 680- 685 (1990).

Gupta, M. B., Bhallar, T. N., Gupta, G. P., and Bhargava, K. P., Anti-inflammatory activity of taxifolin.Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 21, 377–382 (1971).

Havsteen, B., Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological potency.Biochem. Pharmacol., 32, 1141–1148 (1983).

Hedqvist, P., Dahlén, S. E., Gustafsson, L., Hammarström, S., and Samuelsson, B., Biological profile of leukotrienes C4 and D4.Acta. Physiol. Scand, 110, 331–333 (1980).

Holroyde, M. C., Altounyan, R. E., Cole, M., Dixon, M., and Elliott, E. V., Bronchoconstriction produced in man by leukotrienes C and D.Lancet, 2, 17–18 (1981).

Huston, P. A., Chuch, M. K., Clay, T. P., Miller, P., and Holgate, S. P., Early and late-phase bronchoconstriction after allergen challenge of nonanesthetized guinea pigs. I. The association of disordered airway physiology to leukocyte infiltration.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 137, 548–557 (1988).

Hutson, P. A., Holgate, S. T., and Church, M. K., The effect of cromolyn sodium and albuterol on early and late phase bronchoconstriction and airway leukocyte infiltration after allergen challenge of nonanesthetized guinea pigs.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 138, 1157–1163 (1988).

Jiang, J. S., Shih, C. M., Wang, S. H., Chen, T. T., Lin, C. N., and Ko, W. C., Mechanisms of suppression of nitric oxide production by 3-O-methylquercetin in RAW 264.7 cells.J. Ethnopharmacol, 103, 281–287 (2006).

Kallós, P. andKallós, L., Experimental asthma in guinea pigs revisited.Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 73, 77–85 (1984).

Kane, G. C., Pollice, M., Kim, C. J., Cohn, J., Dworski, R. T., Murray, J. J., Sheller, J. R., Fish, J. E., and Peters, S. P., A controlled trial of the effect of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, zileuton, on lung inflammation produced by segmental antigen challenge in human beings.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 97, 646–654 (1996).

Kane, G. C., Tollino, M., Pollice, M., Kim, C. J., Cohn, J., Murray, J. J., Dworski, R., Sheller, J., Fish, J. E., and Peters, S. P., Insights into IgE-mediated lung inflammation derived from a study employing a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor.Prostaglandins, 50, 1–18 (1995).

Kim, C. J. and Cho, S. K., Pharmacological activity of flavonoids (III) Struture-Activity relationships of flavonoids in immuno- supression.Arch. Pham. Res., 14, 147–159 (1991).

Kim, C. J. and Chung, Z. M., Pharmacological activity of flavonoids (I) Relationships of chemical structure of flavonoids and their inhibitory activity of hypersensitivities.Yakhak Hoeji, 34, 348- 364 (1990).

Kim, C. J., Kane, G. C., Zangrilli, J. G., Cho, S. K., Koh, Y. Y., and Peters, S. P., Eosinophils recruited to the lung by segmental antigen challenge show a reduced chemotactic response to leukotriene B4.Prostaglandins, 47, 393–403 (1994).

Ko, W. C., Shih, C. M., Chen, M. C., Lai, Y. H., Chen, J. H., Chen, C. M., and Lin, C. N., Suppressive effects of 3-O-methylquer- cetin on ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.Planta Med., 70, 1123–1127 (2004).

Ko, W. C., Chen, M. C., Wang, S. H., Lai, Y. H., Chen, J. H., and Lin, C. N., 3-Omethylquercetin more selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase subtype 3.Planta Med., 69, 310–315 (2003).

Ko, W. C., Wang, H. L., Lei, C. B., Shih, C. H., Chung, M. I., and Lin, C. N., Mechanisms of relaxant action of 3-O-methyl- quercetin in isolated guinea pig trachea.Planta Med., 68, 30- 35 (2002).

Krell, R. D., Osbom, R., Vickery, L., Falcone, K., O’Donnell, M., Gleason, J., Kinzig, C., and Bryan, D., Contraction of isolated airway smooth muscle by synthetic leukotrienes C4 and D4.Prostaglandins, 22, 387–409 (1981).

Li, W. G., Zhang, X. Y., Wu, Y. J., and Tian, X., Anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds.Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 22, 1117–1120 (2001).

Matsumoto, T., Ashida, Y., and Tsukuda, R., Pharmacological modulation of immediate and late airway response and leukocyte infiltration in the guinea pig.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 269, 1236–1244 (1994).

Middleton, E. Jr., The Flavonoids.Trends in Pharmacol., sci., 5, 335–338 (1984).

Middleton, E. Jr. and Drzewiecki, G., Effects of flavonoids and transitional metal cations on antigen-induced histamine release from human basophils.Biochem. Pharmacol., 31, 1449–1453 (1982).

Miller, A. L., The etiologies, pathophysiology, and alternative/ complementary treatment of asthma.Altern. Med. Rev., 6, 20–47 (2001).

Morales, M. A., Tortoriello, Meckes, M., Paz, D., and Lozoya, X., Calcium-antagonist effect of quercetin and its relation with the spasmolytic properties ofPsidium guajava L.Arch. Med. Res., 25, 17–21 (1994).

Nishino, H., Iwashima, A., Fujiki, H., and Suginuma, T., Inhibition by quercetin of the promoting effect of teleocidin on skin papilloma formation in mice initiated with 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 75, 113–116 (1984).

Omisore, N. O., Adewunmi, C. O., Iwalewa, E. O., Ngadjui, B. T., Adenowo, T. K., Abegaz, B. M., Ojewole, J. A., and Watchueng, J., Antitrichomonal and antioxidant activities ofDorstenia barteri andDorstenia convexa.Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 38, 1087–1094 (2005).

Pennock, B. E., Pennock, C. P., Rogers, R. M., Cain, W. A., and Wells, J. H., A noninvasive technique for measurement of changes in specific airway resistance.J. Appl. Physiol., 46, 399–406 (1979).

Pettinari, A., Amici, M., Cuccioloni, M., Angeletti, M., Fioretti, E., and Eleuteri, A. M., Effect of polyphenolic compounds on the proteolytic activities of constitutive and immunoproteasomes.Antioxid. Redox. Signal., 8, 121–129 (2006).

Pichurko, B. M., Ingram, R. H. Jr., Sperling, R. I., Lafleur, J. E., Corey, E. J., Austen, K. F., and Drazen, J. M., Localization of the site of the bronchoconstrictor effects of leukotriene C4 compared with that of histamine in asthmatic subjects.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 140, 334–339 (1989).

Radvanyi, F., Jordan, L., Russo-Marie, F., and Bon, C., A sensitive and continuous fluorometric assay for phospholipase A2 using pyrene-labeled phospholipids in the presence of serum albumin.Anal. Biochem., 177, 103–109 (1989).

Ramesh, M., Rao, Y. N., Rao, A. V., Prabhakar, M. C., Rao, C. S., Muralidhar, N., and Reddy, B. M., Antinociceptive and anti- inflammatory activity of a flavonoid isolated fromCaralluma attenuata.J. Ethnopharmacol., 62, 63–66 (1998).

Sanjar, S., Aoki, S., Kristersson, Smith, D., and Moley, J., Antigen challenge induces pulmonary airway eosinophil accumulation and airway hyperreactivity in sensitized guinea- pigs: the effect of anti-asthma drugs.Br. J. Pharmacol., 99, 679–686 (1990).

Shibata, S., Inoue, H., Iwata, S., Ma, R. D., Yu, L J., Ueyama, H., Takayasu, J., Hasegawa, T., Tokuda, H., and Nishino, A., Inhibitory effects of licochalcone A isolated fromGlycyrrhiza inflata root on inflammatory ear edema and tumour promo- tion in mice.Planta Med., 57, 221–224 (1991).

Shore, P. A., Burkhalter, A., and Cohn, V. H. Jr., A method for the fluorometric assay of histamine in tissues.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 127, 182–186 (1959).

Skaltsa, H., Bermejo, P., Lazari, D., Silvan, A. M., Skaltsounis, A. L., Sanz, A., and Abad, M. J., Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4 in mouse peritoneal macrophages and thromboxane B4 production in human platelets by flavonoids fromStachys chrysantha andStachys Candida.Biol. Pharm. Bull., 23, 47–53 (2000).

Smith, S. F., Page, C. P., Barnes, C. J., and Flower, R. J., Glu- cocorticosteroids in asthma.Handbook Exp. Pharmacol., 98, 227–252 (1991).

Strath, M., Warren, D. J., and Sanderson, C. J., Detection of eosinophils using an eosinophil peroxidase assay. Its use as an assay for eosinophil differentiation factors.J. Immunol. Methods, 83, 209–215 (1985).

Toward, T. J. and Broadley, K. J., Early and late bronchocon- strictions, airway hyper-reactivity, leucocyte influx and lung histamine and nitric oxide after inhaled antigen: effects of dexamethasone and rolipram.Clin. Exp. Allergy, 34, 91–102 (2004).

Turner, C. R. and Spannhake, E. W., Acute topical steroid administration blocks mast cell increase and the late asthmatic response of the canine peripheral airways.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 141, 421–427 (1990).

Venge, P., Hakansson, L., and Peterson, C., Eosinophil activation in allergic disease.Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 82, 333- 337 (1987).

Villar, A., Gasco, M. A., and Alcaraz, M. J., Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties of hypolaetin-8-glucoside, a novel plant flavonoid.J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 36, 820–823 (1984).

Wardlaw, A. J., Dunnette, S., Gleich, G. J., Collites, J. V., and Kay, A. B., Eosinophils and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in subjects with mild asthma. Relationship to bronchial hyperreactivity.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 137, 62–69 (1988).

Wu, M. J., Wang, L., Ding, H. Y., Weng, C. Y., and Yen, J. H.,Glossogyne tenuifolia acts to inhibit inflammatory mediator production in a macrophage cell line by downregulating LPS- induced NF-kappa B.J. Biomed. Sci., 11, 186–199 (2004).

Yeadon, M., Dougan, F. L., Petrovie, A., Beesley, J. E., and Payne, A. N., Effect of BW B70C, a novel inhibitor of arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase, on allergen-induced bron- choconstriction and late-phase lung eosinophil accumulation in sensitised guinea-pigs.Agents Actions, 38, 8–18 (1993).