Androgens in women are essentially made from DHEA in each peripheral tissue according to intracrinology

Labrie, 1991, Intracrinology, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 78, C113, 10.1016/0303-7207(91)90116-A Labrie, 2005, Is DHEA a hormone? Starling review, J. Endocrinol., 187, 169, 10.1677/joe.1.06264 Labrie, 2011, Wide distribution of the serum dehydroepiandrosterone and sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women: role of the ovary?, Menopause, 18, 30, 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181e195a6 Labrie, 2015, Androgens in postmenopausal women: their practically exclusive intracrine formation and inactivation in peripheral tissues, 64 Labrie, 2015, All sex steroids are made intracellularly in peripheral tissues by the mechanisms of intracrinology after menopause, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 145, 133, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.06.001 Bélanger, 1989, Comparison of residual C-19 steroids in plasma and prostatic tissue of human, rat and guinea pig after castration: unique importance of extratesticular androgens in men, J. Steroid Biochem., 32, 695, 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90514-1 Bélanger, 2003, Inactivation of androgens by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in humans, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 14, 473, 10.1016/j.tem.2003.10.005 Labrie, 2015, Why both LC-MS/MS and FDA-compliant validation are essential for accurate estrogen assays?, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 149, 89, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.02.003 Labrie, 2015, Letter to editor: superior mass spectrometry-based estrogen assays should replace immunoassays, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 100, L86, 10.1210/jc.2015-2930 Dury, 2015, Validated LC-MS/MS simultaneous assay of five sex steroid/neurosteroid-related sulfates in human serum, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 149, 1, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.006 Ke, 2014, A sensitive, simple and robust LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of seven androgen- and estrogen-related steroids in postmenopausal serum, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 144, 523, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.015 Ke, 2015, A rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of serum androsterone glucuronide, etiocholanolone glucuronide, and androstan-3alpha 17beta diol 17-glucuronide in postmenopausal women, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 149, 146, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.02.009 Ke, 2015, Serum steroids remain within the same normal postmenopausal values during 12-month intravaginal 0.50% DHEA, Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig., 24, 117 Ke, 2016, The importance of optimal extraction to insure the reliable MS-based assays of endogenous compounds, Bioanalysis, 8, 39, 10.4155/bio.15.225 Ke, 2015, Serum levels of sex steroids and metabolites following 12 weeks of intravaginal 0.50% DHEA administration, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 154, 186, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.016 Martel, 2016, Serum steroid concentrations remain within normal postmenopausal values in women receiving daily 6.5mg intravaginal prasterone for 12 weeks, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 159, 142, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.016 Labrie, 2016, Efficacy of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on moderate to severe dyspareunia and vaginal dryness, symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy, and of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, Menopause, 23, 243, 10.1097/GME.0000000000000571 Labrie, 2009, Intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (Prasterone) a physiological and highly efficient treatment of vaginal atrophy, Menopause, 16, 907, 10.1097/gme.0b013e31819e8e2d Labrie, 2011, Intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA Prasterone), a highly efficient treatment of dyspareunia, Climacteric, 14, 282, 10.3109/13697137.2010.535226 Archer, 2015, Treatment of pain at sexual activity (dyspareunia) with intravaginal dehydroepaindrosterone (prasterone), Menopause, 22, 950, 10.1097/GME.0000000000000428 Pelletier, 2012, Effects of ovariectomy and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on vaginal innervation in the rat, J. Sex. Med., 9, 2525, 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02895.x Pelletier, 2013, Androgenic action of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on nerve density in the ovariectomized rat vagina, J. Sex. Med., 10, 1908, 10.1111/jsm.12219 Rinaldi, 2001, Reliability and validity of commercially available, direct radioimmunoassays for measurement of blood and rogens and estrogens in postmenopausal women, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 10, 757 McShane, 1996, Reliability and validity of serum sex hormone measurements, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 5, 923 Labrie, 2006, Androgen glucuronides instead of testosterone, as the new markers of androgenic activity in women, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 99, 182, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.02.004 Longcope, 1980, Steroid secretion by the postmenopausal ovary, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 138, 564, 10.1016/0002-9378(80)90287-2 Longcope, 1986, Steroid and gonadotropin levels in women during the peri-menopausal years, Maturitas, 8, 189, 10.1016/0378-5122(86)90025-3 Cumming, 1982, Evidence for an influence of the ovary on circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 54, 1069, 10.1210/jcem-54-5-1069 Labrie, 2011, Impact of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone on androgen formation in women, Menopause, 18, 471, 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182146d7f Labrie, 1997, Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal C19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 2396, 10.1210/jcem.82.8.4160 Orentreich, 1984, Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 59, 551, 10.1210/jcem-59-3-551 Lasley, 2011, Circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in women who underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy during the menopausal transition, Menopause, 18, 494, 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181fb53fc Williams, 2009, Menopause-specific questionnaire assessment in US population-based study shows negative impact on health-related quality of life, Maturitas, 62, 153, 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.12.006 Labrie, 2010, DHEA after menopause – sole source of sex steroids and potential sex steroid deficiency treatment, Menopause Manage., 19, 14 Baker, 2004, Co-evolution of steroidogenic and steroid-inactivating enzymes and adrenal and sex steroid receptors, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 215, 55, 10.1016/j.mce.2003.11.007 Labrie, 2013, DHEA and intracrinology at menopause, a positive choice for evolution of the human species, Climacteric, 16, 205, 10.3109/13697137.2012.733983 Labrie, 1985, Complete androgen blockade for the treatment of prostate cancer, 193 Labrie, 1982, New hormonal therapy in prostatic carcinoma: combined treatment with an LHRH agonist and an antiandrogen, Clin. Invest. Med., 5, 267 Peltoketo, 1988, Complete amino acid sequence of human placental 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrognease deduced from cDNA, FEBS Lett., 239, 73, 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80548-9 Luu-The, 1989, Full length cDNA structure and deduced amino acid sequence of human 3b-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase, Mol. Endocrinol., 3, 1310, 10.1210/mend-3-8-1310 Luu-The, 2010, The intracrine sex steroid biosynthesis pathways, 177 Luu-The, 1995, Characteristics of human types 1, 2 and 3 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities: oxidation-reduction and inhibition, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 55, 581, 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00209-X Labrie, 2011, Letters to the editor: wide distribution of the serum dehydroepiandrosterone and sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women: role of the ovary?, Menopause, 18, 587, 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182176084 Labrie, 2007, Metabolism of DHEA in postmenopausal women following percutaneous administration, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 103, 178, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.09.034 Burger, 2000, A prospective longitudinal study of serum testosterone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sex hormone binding globulin levels through the menopause transition, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 85, 2832 Rannevik, 1995, A longitudinal study of the perimenopausal transition: altered profiles of steroid and pituitary hormones, SHBG and bone mineral density, Maturitas, 21, 103, 10.1016/0378-5122(94)00869-9 Labrie, 2009, Comparable amounts of sex steroids are made outside the gonads in men and women: strong lesson for hormone therapy of prostate and breast cancer, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 113, 52, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.11.004 Basson, 2015, RE: is there a correlation between androgens and sexual desire in women?, J. Sex. Med., 12, 1654, 10.1111/jsm.12892 Basson, 2010, Is it time to move on from hypoactive sexual desire disorder?, Menopause, 17, 1097, 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181f4a9cb Davis, 2005, Circulating androgen levels and self-reported sexual function in women, JAMA, 294, 91, 10.1001/jama.294.1.91 Wahlin-Jacobsen, 2014, Is there a correlation between androgens and sexual desire in women?, J. Sex. Med., 12, 358, 10.1111/jsm.12774 Guay, 2002, Decreased free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels in women with decreased libido, J. Sex Marital Ther., 28, 129, 10.1080/00926230252851258 Labrie, 1997, Physiological changes in dehydroepiandrosterone are not reflected by serum levels of active androgens and estrogens but of their metabolites: intracrinology, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 2403, 10.1210/jcem.82.8.4161 Labrie, 2007, Bioavailability and metabolism of oral and percutaneous dehydroepiandrosterone in postmenopausal women, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 107, 57, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.02.007 Labrie, 2009, Serum steroid levels during 12-week intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone administration, Menopause, 16, 897, 10.1097/gme.0b013e31819e8930 Labrie, 2008, Effect of intravaginal DHEA on serum DHEA and eleven of its metabolites in postmenopausal women, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 111, 178, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.06.003 Labrie, 2008, Corrigendum to: effect of intravaginal DHEA on serum DHEA and eleven of its metabolites in postmenopausal women, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 112, 169, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.09.007 Labrie, 2013, Intravaginal prasterone (DHEA) provides local action without clinically significant changes in serum concentrations of estrogens or androgens, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 138, 359, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.08.002 Utian, 2008, Estrogen and progestogen use in postmenopausal women: july 2008 position statement of The North American Menopause Society, Menopause, 15, 584 Birkhauser, 2008, Updated practical recommendations for hormone replacement therapy in the peri- and postmenopause, Climacteric, 11, 108, 10.1080/13697130801983921 Mac Bride, 2010, Vulvovaginal atrophy, Mayo Clin. Proc., 85, 87, 10.4065/mcp.2009.0413 Sturdee, 2010, Recommendations for the management of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy, Climacteric, 13, 509, 10.3109/13697137.2010.522875 Rees, 2012, EMAS clinical guide: low-dose vaginal estrogens for postmenopausal vaginal atrophy, Maturitas, 73, 171, 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.06.009 NAMS, 2013, The north american menopause society., management of symptomatic vulvovaginal atrophy: 2013 position statement of the North American menopause society, Menopause, 20, 888, 10.1097/GME.0b013e3182a122c2 Berger, 2005, Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone, Premarin and Acolbifene on histomorphology and sex steroid receptors in the rat vagina, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 96, 201, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.02.018 Sourla, 1998, Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on vaginal and uterine histomorphology in the rat, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 66, 137, 10.1016/S0960-0760(98)00052-1 Huggins, 1954, Chemical structure of steroids in relation to promotion of growth of the vagina and uterus of the hypophysectomized rat, J. Exp. Med., 100, 225, 10.1084/jem.100.3.225 Kennedy, 1976, Induction of vaginal mucification in rats with testosterone and 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one, Steroids, 27, 423, 10.1016/0039-128X(76)90061-1 Mehrotra, 1973, Studies on physiology & biochemistry of female genital tract: response of cervix & vagina of albino rats to estrogen, progesterone & testosterone, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 11, 1 Mori, 1992, Sensitivity of the vagina and uterus of mice neonatally exposed to estrogen or androgen to postnatal treatment with estrogen or androgen, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 199, 466, 10.3181/00379727-199-43382 Berger, 2008, Effects of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone on vaginal histomorphology, sex steroid receptor expression and cell proliferation in the rat, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 109, 67, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.09.023 Labrie, 2015, Effect of intravaginal prasterone on sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy, J. Sex. Med., 12, 2401, 10.1111/jsm.13045 Bouchard, 2016, Effect of intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the female sexual function in postmenopausal women: ERC-230 open-label study, Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig., 25, 181 Labrie, 2014, Lack of influence of dyspareunia on the beneficial effect of intravaginal prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA) on sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women, J. Sex. Med., 11, 1766, 10.1111/jsm.12517