Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio of δ13C-CO2 measurements at carbon capture, utilization and storage injection sites

Bachu, 2008, CO2 storage in geological media: role, means, status and barriers to deployment, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 34, 254, 10.1016/j.pecs.2007.10.001 Beaubien, 2013, Monitoring of near-surface gas geochemistry at the Weyburn, Canada, CO2-EOR site, 2001–2011, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 16, S236, 10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.01.013 Craig, 1954, Carbon-13 in plants and the relationships between carbon-13 and carbon-14 variations in nature, J. Geol., 62, 10.1086/626141 Crameik, 1972 Davidson, 1995, Gas diffusivity and production of CO2 in deep soils of the Eastern Amazon, Tellus B: Chem. Phys. Meteorol., 47, 550, 10.3402/tellusb.v47i5.16071 Downes, 1969, Differences in transpiration rates between tropical and temperate grasses under controlled conditions, Planta, 88, 261, 10.1007/BF00385069 Ehleringer, 1993, Evolutionary and ecological aspects of photosynthetic pathway variation, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 24, 411, 10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.002211 Furche, 2010, One year continuous soil gas monitoring above an EGR test site, Geophys. Res. Hovorka, 2011, Monitoring a large volume CO2 injection: year two results from SECARB project at Denbury's Cranfield, Mississippi, USA, 3478 Krevor, 2010, Rapid detection and characterization of surface CO2 leakage through the real-time measurement of delta 13C signatures in CO2 flux from the ground, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 4, 811, 10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.05.002 Langston, 1988, Definitive CO2 flooding response in the SACROC Unit: Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 16–21 April, 1988 McAlexander, 2011, Deployment of a carbon isotope ratiometer for the monitoring of CO2 sequestration leakage, Anal. Chem., 83, 6223, 10.1021/ac2007834 Metz, 2005, 443 Moni, 2014, Detection of simulated leaks from geologically stored CO2 with 13C monitoring, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 26, 61, 10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.04.010 Nickerson, 2013, Using subsurface CO2 concentrations and isotopologues to identify CO2 seepage from CCS/CO2–EOR sites: a signal-to-noise based analysis, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 14, 239, 10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.01.018 Oehlert, 2012, The stable carbon isotopic composition of organic material in platform derived sediments: implications for reconstructing the global carbon cycle, Sedimentology, 59, 319, 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2011.01273.x Osmanoglu, 2011, Mexico City subsidence observed with persistent scatterer InSAR, Int. J. Appl. Earth Observ. Geoinf., 13, 1, 10.1016/j.jag.2010.05.009 Pataki, 2003, The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle, 17 Rella, 2011 Risk, 2013, Bulk and isotopic characterization of biogenic CO2 sources and variability in the Weyburn injection area, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 16, S263, 10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.02.024 Romanak, 2012, Process-based approach to CO2 leakage detection by vadose zone gas monitoring at geologic CO2 storage sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39 Schacht, 2014, Soil gas monitoring of the Otway Project demonstration site in SE Victoria, Australia, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 24, 14, 10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.02.007 Schidlowski, 1992 Schloemer, 2013, A review of continuous soil gas monitoring related to CCS – technical advances and lessons learned, Appl. Geochem., 30, 148, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.002 Sotta, 2004, Soil CO2 efflux in a tropical forest in the central Amazon, Glob. Change Biol., 10, 601, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00761.x Trolier, 1996, Monitoring the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2: measurements from the NOAA Global Air Sampling Network, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 101, 25897, 10.1029/96JD02363 Trumbore, 1995 Wolaver, 2013, Greensites and brownsites: implications for CO2 sequestration characterization, risk assessment, and monitoring, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 19, 49, 10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.07.020 Zhou, 2012, Identifying and quantifying natural CO2 sequestration processes over geological timescales: The Jackson Dome CO2 Deposit, USA, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 86, 257, 10.1016/j.gca.2012.02.028