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Những trải nghiệm khó khăn trong thời thơ ấu và sức khỏe tâm thần ở tuổi trưởng thành: một khảo sát xuyên văn hóa giữa sinh viên đại học tại bảy quốc gia
Tóm tắt
Mặc dù có bằng chứng cho thấy lịch sử về những trải nghiệm khó khăn trong thời thơ ấu (ACEs) rất phổ biến trong sinh viên đại học và liên quan đến nguy cơ gia tăng của các rối loạn tâm thần, nhưng nghiên cứu hiện tại có đại diện địa lý và xuyên văn hóa hạn chế. Việc so sánh ACEs trong các bối cảnh đa dạng bằng một biện pháp chuẩn hóa có thể làm sáng tỏ những điểm tương đồng hoặc khác biệt về địa lý và văn hóa xã hội trong việc tiếp xúc. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích đánh giá mức độ tiếp xúc ACE và mối quan hệ của nó với các triệu chứng sức khỏe tâm thần ở sinh viên đại học từ bảy quốc gia. Chúng tôi đã lấy mẫu 5945 sinh viên đại học từ Hoa Kỳ, Canada, Anh, Nam Phi, Tây Ban Nha, Argentina và Uruguay. Người tham gia đã hoàn thành Bảng hỏi Thông tin về những Trải nghiệm Khó khăn trong Thời thơ ấu Quốc tế (ACE-IQ) và Bảng kiểm tra về Các triệu chứng Trầm cảm và Lo âu (IDAS). Phần lớn người tham gia (94,8%) báo cáo đã tiếp xúc với ít nhất một loại ACE và 61% báo cáo đã tiếp xúc với bốn loại trở lên. 70,2% cho biết đã tiếp xúc lặp lại ít nhất một ACE và 21,2% báo cáo tiếp xúc lặp lại với ít nhất bốn ACEs. Sinh viên Tây Ban Nha có mức độ tiếp xúc ACE thấp hơn đáng kể so với sinh viên khác. Mức độ tiếp xúc ACE tích lũy cao hơn đáng kể ở sinh viên tại các quốc gia có thu nhập thấp hơn, nhưng khi xem xét đến sự tiếp xúc lặp lại thì những khác biệt này đã biến mất. Đối với mẫu tổng thể, mức độ tiếp xúc ACE tích lũy có mối liên quan đáng kể đến mức độ triệu chứng trầm cảm, triệu chứng lo âu và xu hướng tự sát. Những phát hiện chỉ ra rằng các trường đại học trên toàn cầu nên được hướng dẫn bởi một cách tiếp cận nhạy cảm với chấn thương, công nhận sinh viên là một nhóm tâm lý dễ bị tổn thương mang theo gánh nặng lâu dài của những khó khăn trong thời thơ ấu.
Từ khóa
#ACEs #sức khỏe tâm thần #sinh viên đại học #quy trình chấn thương #nghiên cứu xuyên văn hóaTài liệu tham khảo
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