Adjusting the risk for trisomy 21 on the basis of second-trimester ultrasonography

Nyberg, 1990, Prenatal sonographic findings of Down syndrome: review of 94 cases, Obstet Gynecol, 76, 370

Benacerraf, 1990, Sonographic findings of Down syndrome; review of 94 cases, Obstet Gynecol, 76, 370

Benacerraf, 1987, Sonographic identification of second-trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome, N Engl J Med, 317, 1371, 10.1056/NEJM198711263172203

Lockwood, 1987, A sonographic screening method for Down syndrome, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 157, 803, 10.1016/S0002-9378(87)80059-5

Perella, 1988, Second-trimester sonographic diagnosis of Down syndrome: role of femur-length shortening and nuchal-fold thickening, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 151, 981, 10.2214/ajr.151.5.981

Brumfield, 1989, Sonographic measurements and ratios in fetuses with Down syndrome, Obstet Gynecol, 73, 644

LaFollette, 1989, Fetal hemur length to detect trisomy 21, J Ultrasound Med, 8, 657, 10.7863/jum.1989.8.12.657

Lynch, 1989, Ultrasound detection of Down syndrome: is it really possible?, Obstet Gynecol, 73, 644

Dicke, 1989, Fetal biometry as a screening tool for the detection of chromosomally abnormal pregnancies, Obstet Gynecol, 74, 726

Cuckle, 1989, Ultrasound fetal femur length measurement in the screening for Down's syndrome, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 96, 1373, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb06297.x

Hill, 1989, The current role of sonography in the detection of Down syndrome, Obstet Gynecol, 74, 620

Benacerraf, 1989, Can sonographers reliably identify anatomic features associated with Down syndrome in fetuses?, Radiology, 377, 10.1148/radiology.173.2.2529580

Shah, 1990, Biparietal diameter/femur length ratio, cephalic index, and femur length measurements: not reliable screening techniques for Down syndrome, Obstet Gynecol, 75, 186

Ginsberg, 1990, Ultrasonographic detection of the second-trimester fetus with trisomy 18 and trisomy 21, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 163, 1186, 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90686-2

Rodis, 1991, Comparison of humerus length veruss femur length in fetuses with Down syndrome, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 165, 1051, 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90468-7

Rotmensch, 1992, Fetal humeral length to detect Down syndrome, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 166, 1330, 10.1016/0002-9378(92)91599-6

Nyberg, 1993, Humerus and femur length shortening in the detection of Down's syndrome, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 168, 534, 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90487-4

Lockwood, 1993, The effect of fetal gender on the prediction of Down syndrome by means of maternal serum α-fetoprotein and ultrasonographic parameters, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 169, 1190, 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90280-V

Benacerraf, 1991, Humeral shortening in second-trimester fetuses with Down syndrome, Obstet Gynecol, 77, 223, 10.1097/00006250-199102000-00012

Benacerraf, 1987, Soft tissue nuchal fold in the second-trimester fetus: standards for normal measurements compared with those in Down syndrome, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 157, 1146, 10.1016/S0002-9378(87)80279-X

Toi, 1987, Ultrasonically evident fetal nuchal skin thickening: is it specific for Down syndrome?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 156, 150, 10.1016/0002-9378(87)90227-4

Crane, 1991, Sonographically measured nuchal skinfold thickness as a screening tool for Down syndrome: results of a prospective clinical trial, Obstet Gynecol, 77, 533

Kirk, 1992, Routine measurement of nuchal thickness in the second trimester, J Maternal Fetal Med, 1, 82, 10.3109/14767059209161895

DeVore, 1993, The association between an abnormal nuchal skin fold, trisomy 21, and ultrasound abnormalities identified during the second trimester of pregnancy, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 3, 387, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1993.03060387.x

Watson, 1994, Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal nuchal skin to screen for chromosomal abnormalities, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 170, 583, 10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70232-2

DeVore, 1992, Identification of trisomy 21 during the second trimester of pregnancy: 90% detection rate using genetic ultrasound in the high risk pregnancy [Abstract], Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Suppl, 2, 89