Acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly: Conventional and novel treatment approaches

Blood Reviews - Tập 22 - Trang 221-234 - 2008
Chad M. Craig1, Gary J. Schiller2
1Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States
2Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, United States

Tài liệu tham khảo

Stone, 2004, Acute myeloid leukemia, Hematology, 98, 10.1182/asheducation-2004.1.98

Lowenberg, 1999, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, New England Journal of Medicine, 341, 1051, 10.1056/NEJM199909303411407

Ries LG, Melbert D, Krapcho M, et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2004, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2004/, based on November 2006 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2007.

R. Pazdur, et al., Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach 8th edition. CMP Healthcare Media, Oncology Publishing Group: Manhasset NY, 369–385.

Menzin, 2002, The outcomes and costs of acute myeloid leukemia among the elderly, Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 1597, 10.1001/archinte.162.14.1597

Cheson, 2003, Revised recommendations of the International Working Group for Diagnosis, Standardization of Response Criteria, Treatment Outcomes, and Reporting Standards for Therapeutic Trials in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, 4642, 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.036

Lowenberg, 1989, On the value of intensive remission induction chemotherapy in elderly patients of 65+ years with acute myeloid leukemia: a randomized phase III study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Leukemia Group, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 7, 1268, 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.9.1268

Tilly, 1990, Low-dose cytarabine versus intensive chemotherapy in the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in the elderly, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 8, 272, 10.1200/JCO.1990.8.2.272

Disperati, 2007, Acute promyelocytic leukemia in patients aged 70 years and over – A single center experience of unselected patients, Leukemia & Lymphoma, 48, 1654, 10.1080/10428190701472005

Baudard, 1994, Acute myelogenous leukaemia in the elderly: retrospective study of 235 consecutive patients, British Journal of Haematology, 86, 82, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb03256.x

Jabbour EJ, Estey E, Kantarjian HM, et al. Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2006;81(2): 247-260. Available at [www.mayoclinicproceedings.com].

Stone, 2002, The Difficult Problem of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Older Adult, CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians., 52, 363

Van Leeuwen, 1996, Risk of acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplasia following cancer treatment, Bailliere’s Clinical Haematology, 9, 57, 10.1016/S0950-3536(96)80037-0

Appelbaum, 2006, Age and acute myeloid leukemia, Blood, 107, 3481, 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3724

Mayer, 1994, Intensive postremission chemotherapy in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer and Leukemia Group B, New England Journal of Medicine, 331, 896, 10.1056/NEJM199410063311402

Stone, 2007, Novel therapeutic agents in acute myeloid leukemia, Experimental Hematology, 35, 166, 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.025

National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2003;1(4): 520–539. Updated version available at [http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp?button=I%2BAgree%23site].

Grimwade, 2001, The predictive value of hierarchical cytogenetic classification in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML): analysis of 1065 patients entered into the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML11 trial, Blood, 98, 1312, 10.1182/blood.V98.5.1312

Grimwade, 1998, The importance of diagnostic cytogenetics on outcome in AML: analysis of 1,612 patients entered into the MRC AML 10 trial. The Medical Research Council Adult and Children’s Leukemia Working Parties, Blood, 92, 2322, 10.1182/blood.V92.7.2322

Johnson, 1995, Validation of a model to predict survival in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, British Journal of Haematology, 90, 954, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05224.x

Johnson, 1994, Prognostic factors in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, Leukemia and Lymphoma, 16, 51, 10.3109/10428199409114139

Kantarjian, 2006, Results of intensive chemotherapy in 998 patients age 65 years or older with acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: predictive prognostic models for outcome, Cancer, 106, 1090, 10.1002/cncr.21723

Grigg, 2005, Prognostic features for response and survival in elderly patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia treated with mitoxantrone and intermediate dose cytarabine, Leukemia and Lymphoma, 46, 367, 10.1080/10428190400013076

Johnson, 1993, Prognostic factors in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: development of a model to predict survival, British Journal of Haematology, 85, 300, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03170.x

Zhong Z, Liu ZC, Li JW. The Clinical Observation on Arsenic Trioxide with ATRA in Treating Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia for Six Years [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 2868.

Fenaux, 2003, Treatment of older adults with acute promyelocytic leukaemia, Best Practice and Research Clinical Haematology, 16, 495, 10.1016/S1521-6926(03)00044-6

Sanz, 2004, All-transretinoic acid and anthracycline monochemotherapy for the treatment of elderly patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, Blood, 104, 3490, 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1642

Latagliata, 1997, The role of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment in newly-diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients aged > 60 years, Annals of Oncology, 8, 1273, 10.1023/A:1008272817839

Mangelli, 2003, Treatment of elderly patients (> or = 60 years) with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Results of the Italian multicenter group BIMEMA with ATRA and idarubicin (AIDA) protocols, Leukemia, 17, 1085, 10.1038/sj.leu.2402932

Ades, 2005, Outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all transretinoic acid and chemotherapy in elderly patients: the European group experience, Leukemia, 19, 230, 10.1038/sj.leu.2403597

Juliusson, 2003, Increased remissions from one course for intermediate-dose cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin in elderly acute myeloid leukaemia when combined with cladribine. A randomized population-based phase II study, British Journal of Haematology, 123, 810, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04702.x

Ferrara, 1998, Therapeutic options and treatment results for patients over 75 years of age with acute myeloid leukemia, Haematologica, 83, 126

Lowenberg, 1998, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16, 872, 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.3.872

Leoni, 1997, Idarubicin in induction treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly, Haematologica, 82, 13

Vey, 2004, The benefit of induction chemotherapy in patients age > or = 75 years, Cancer, 101, 231, 10.1002/cncr.20353

Rowe, 2004, A phase 3 study of three induction regimens and of priming with GM-CSF in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia: a trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Blood, 103, 479, 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1686

Goldstone, 2001, Attempts to improve treatment outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older patients: the results of the United Kingdome Medical Research Council AML11trial, Blood, 98, 1302, 10.1182/blood.V98.5.1302

Faderl, 2006, Clofarabine and cytarabine combination as induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients 50 years of age or older, Blood, 108, 45, 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3294

Anderson, 2002, Outcome after induction chemotherapy for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia is not improved with mitoxantrone and etoposide compared to cytarabine and daunorubicin: a Southwest Oncology Group study, Blood, 100, 389, 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0354

Fey, 2003, ESMO Minimum Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) in adult patients, Annals of Oncology, 14, 1161, 10.1093/annonc/mdg337

Hann, 1997, Blood, 89, 2311, 10.1182/blood.V89.7.2311

Bow, 1996, Therapy of untreated acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly: remission-induction using a non-cytarabine-containing regimen of mitoxantrone plus etoposide, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 14, 1345, 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.4.1345

Milligan, 2006, Guidelines on the management of acute myeloid leukaemia in adults, British Journal of Haematology, 135, 450, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06314.x

Wahlin, 2001, Prognostic significance of risk group stratification in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, British Journal of Haematology, 115, 25, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03043.x

Marcucci, 2005, Phase I study of oblimersen sodium, an antisense to Bcl-2, in untreated older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical activity, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 3404, 10.1200/JCO.2005.09.118

Moore, 2006, A Phase II study of Bcl-2 antisense (oblimersen sodium) combined with gemtuzumab ozogamicin in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse, Leukemia Research, 30, 777, 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.10.025

Knapper, 2006, A phase 2 trial of the FLT3 inhibitor lestaurtinib (CEP701) as first-line treatment for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia not considered fit for intensive chemotherapy, Blood, 108, 3263, 10.1182/blood-2006-04-015560

Cheng, 2008, Tandutinib, an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of FLT3 for the treatment of AML and other cancer indications, IDrugs: The Investigational Drugs Journal, 11, 46

Levis, 2004, In vitro studies of a FLT-3 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy: sequence of administration is important to achieve synergistic cytotoxic effects, Blood, 104, 1145, 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0388

Leith, 1997, Acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly: assessment of multidrug resistance (MDR1) and cytogenetics distinguishes biologic subgroups with remarkably distinct responses to standard chemotherapy: a Southwest Oncology Group study, Blood, 89, 3323, 10.1182/blood.V89.9.3323

Van den Heuvel-Eibrink, 2007, CD34-related coexpression of MDR1 and BCRP indicated a clinically resistant phenotype in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of older age, Annals of Hematology, 86, 329, 10.1007/s00277-007-0269-7

Baer, 2002, Phase 3 study of the multidrug resistance modulator PSC-833 in previously untreated patients 60 years of age and older with acute myeloid leukemia: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9720, Blood, 100, 1224, 10.1182/blood.V100.4.1224.h81602001224_1224_1232

Van der Holt, 2005, The value of the MDR1 reversal agent PSC-833 in addition to daunorubicin and cytarabine in the treatment of elderly patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in relation to MDR1 status at diagnosis, Blood, 106, 2646, 10.1182/blood-2005-04-1395

Greenberg, 2004, Mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine with or without valspodar in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: a phase III trial (E2995), Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22, 1078, 10.1200/JCO.2004.07.048

Connelly-Smith, 2007, P-glycoprotein is downregulated in KG1a-primitive leukemia cells by LDL cholesterol deprivation and by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, Experimental Hematology, 35, 1793, 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.07.017

Yang, 2007, Predictable prognostic factor of CD56 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with t(8:21) after high dose cytarabine or allogenetic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, American Journal of Hematology, 82, 1, 10.1002/ajh.20739

Wang D, Ke XY, Wang J, et al. Correlation between MDR1 genetic polymorphism and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia [abstract, article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2007;87(20): 1384-1388.

Stone, 1995, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after initial chemotherapy for elderly patients with primary acute myelogenous leukemia, New England Journal of Medicine, 332, 1671, 10.1056/NEJM199506223322503

Stone, 2001, Postremission therapy in older patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone and intermediate-dose cytarabine with standard-dose cytarabine, Blood, 98, 548, 10.1182/blood.V98.3.548

Smith, 2006, Update of Recommendations for the Use of White Blood Cell Growth Factors: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24, 3187, 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.4451

Burnett, 2007, A comparison of low-dose cytarabine and hydroxyurea with or without all-trans retinoic acid for acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in patients not considered fit for intensive treatment, Cancer, 109, 1114, 10.1002/cncr.22496

Tilly H, Castaigne S, Sigaux F, et al. Treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia in elderly patients with low-dose cytosine arabonoside [abstract, article in French]. Presse Medicale 1985;14(15): 827–831.

Kantarjian, 2007, Clofarabine: past, present, and future, Leukemia & Lymphoma, 48, 1922, 10.1080/10428190701545644

Burnett AK, Russell N, Kell JW, et al. A phase 2 evaluation of single agent clofarabine as first line treatment for older patients with AML who are not considered fit for intensive chemotherapy [abstract]. Blood 2004;104: 248.

Giles, 2007, Cloretazine (VNP40101M), a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent, in patients age 60 years or older with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25, 1, 10.1200/JCO.2006.07.0961

Schiller GJ, DeAngelo DJ, Pigneux A, et al. Phase II Study of VNP40101M (Cloretazine) in Elderly Patients with De Novo Poor Risk Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 917.

Estey, 2007, Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Older Patients, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25, 1908, 10.1200/JCO.2006.10.2731

Bouabdallah, 1999, A phase II trial of induction and consolidation therapy of acute myeloid leukemia with weekly oral idarubicin alone in poor risk elderly patients, Leukemia, 13, 1491, 10.1038/sj.leu.2401522

Blum, 2007, Phase I study of decitabine alone or in combination with valproic acid in acute myeloid leukemia, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25, 3884, 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.4169

Maslak, 2006, Pilot study of combination transcriptional modulation therapy with sodium phenylbutyrate and 5-azacytidine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, Leukemia, 20, 212, 10.1038/sj.leu.2404050

Thatikonda C, Rossetti JM, Shadduck RK, et al. Combination Methyltransferase and Histone Deacetylase Inhibition in Elderly Patients with Secondary Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 4387.

Mathews, 2006, Single-agent arsenic trioxide in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia: durable remissions with minimal toxicity, Blood, 107, 2527, 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3532

Parmar, 2004, Phase II trial of arsenic trioxide in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia, secondary leukemia and/or newly diagnosed patients at least 65 years old, Leukemia Research, 28, 909, 10.1016/j.leukres.2003.12.012

Rivi, 1996, Organic arsenical melarsoprol shows growth suppressive activity via programmed cell death on APL and other myeloid and lymphoid leukemia derived cell lines, Blood, 88, 68a

Soignet, 1999, Clinical study of an organic arsenical, melarsoprol, in patients with advanced leukemia, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 44, 417, 10.1007/s002800050998

Raza A, Jurcic JG, Roboz GJ, et al. Complete Remissions Observed in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Prolonged Exposure to SGN-33 (lintuzumab), a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Targeting CD33 [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 159.

Lancet, 2007, A phase 2 study of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor tipifarnib in poor-risk and elderly patients with previously untreated acute myelogenous leukemia, Blood, 109, 1387, 10.1182/blood-2006-04-014357

Harousseau, 2007, A phase 2 study of the oral farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, Blood, 109, 5151, 10.1182/blood-2006-09-046144

Karp, 2001, Clinical and biologic activity of the franesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in adults with refractory and relapsed acute leukemias: a phase 1 clinical-laboratory correlative trial, Blood, 97, 3361, 10.1182/blood.V97.11.3361

Raponi, 2007, Identification of molecular predictors of response in a study of tipifarnib treatment in relapsed and refractory acute myelogenous leukemia, Clinical Cancer Research, 13, 2254, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2609

Stone, 1993, The approach to the elderly patient with acute myeloid leukemia, Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 7, 65, 10.1016/S0889-8588(18)30258-2

Schiffer, 1997, Long-term follow-up of Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies in acute myeloid leukemia, Cancer, 80, 2210, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19971201)80:11+<2210::AID-CNCR8>3.0.CO;2-L

Schiller, 1997, Long-term outcome of high-dose cytarabine-based consolidation chemotherapy for older patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, Leukemia and Lymphoma, 25, 111, 10.3109/10428199709042501

Grovdal M, Khan R, Aggerholm A, et al. Maintenance Treatment with Azacytidine for Patients with High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes or Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Complete Remission after Intensive Chemotherapy [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 818.

Brune, 2006, Improved leukemia-free survival after postconsolidation immunotherapy with histamine dihydrochloride and interleukin-2 in acute myeloid leukemia: results of a randomized phase 3 trial, Blood, 108, 88, 10.1182/blood-2005-10-4073

Saunter, 1984, Acute myelogenous leukaemia: maintenance chemotherapy after early consolidation treatment does not prolong survival, Lancet, 1, 379, 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)90424-0

Champlin, 1984, Prolonged survival in acute myelogenous leukaemia without maintenance chemotherapy, Lancet, 1, 894, 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91350-3

Saunter, 1987, Long-term results of two Swiss AML studies, Haematology and Blood Transfusion, 30, 38, 10.1007/978-3-642-71213-5_7

Bradstock, 2005, A randomized trial of high versus conventional dose cytarabine in consolidation chemotherapy for adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia in first remission after induction therapy containing high dose cytarabine, Blood, 105, 481, 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0326

Pautas C, Thomas X, Merabet F, et al. Randomized Comparison of Standard Induction with Daunorubicin (DNR) for 3 Days vs Idarubicin (IDA) for 3 or 4 Days in AML pts Aged 50 to 70 and of Maintenance with Interleukin 2. Final Analysis of the ALFA 9801 Study [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 162.

Brune ML, Rowe JM, Szer J, et al. Post-Consolidation Immunotherapy with Histamine Dihydrochloride and Interleukin-2 in AML: Long Term Follow-Up of Leukemia-Free Survival and Overall Survival [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 1846.

Kolb, 2004, Graft-versus-leukemia reactions in allogeneic chimeras, Blood, 103, 767, 10.1182/blood-2003-02-0342

Alsabti, 1979, Clinical trials in vaccination with leukemia associated antigens in acute myelogenous leukemia, The Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine, 49, 157

Berneman ZN, Driessche AV, de Velde AV, et al. Vaccination of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Dendritic Cells Electroporated with mRNA Encoding the Wilms’ Tumor Protein WT1: A Phase I/II Trial [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 158.

Li, 2006, Immunotherapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia using autologous dendritic cells generated from leukemic blasts, International Journal of Oncology, 28, 855

Rezvani K,Yong SMA, Mielke S, et al. Leukemia-Associated Antigen Specific T-Cell Responses Following Combined PR1 and WT1 Peptide Vaccination in Patients with Myeloid Malignancies [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 287.

Greiner J, Schmitt A, Giannopoulos, et al. Immunological and Clinical Responses in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), Multiple Myeloma (MM) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) after RHAMM-R3 Peptide Vaccination [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 1806.

Le Q, Melenhorst JJ, Hensel N, et al. Human Neutrophil Elastase Stimulating CD4+ and CD8+ Cells is a Potential Protein Vaccine for Leukemia Patients with Diverse HLA Types [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 1807.

Ochi T, Fujiwara H, Suemori K, et al. Aurora-A Kinase: A Novel Target for the Immunotherapy Against Human Leukemias [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 1796.

Alyea, 2005, Comparative outcome of nonmyeloablative and myeloablative allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients older than 50 years of age, Blood, 105, 1810, 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1947

Scott, 2006, Myeloablative vs nonmyeloablative Allogenic transplantation for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia with multilineage dysplasia: a retrospective analysis, Leukemia, 20, 128, 10.1038/sj.leu.2404010

Bertz, 2003, Allogenic stem-cell transplantation from related and unrelated donors in older patients with myeloid leukemia, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, 1480, 10.1200/JCO.2003.09.110

Sayer, 2003, Reduced intensity conditioning for allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: disease status by marrow blasts is the strongest prognostic factor, Bone Marrow Transplant, 31, 1089, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704062

Blaise, 2007, Current status of reduced intensity conditioning allogenic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia, Haematologica, 92, 533, 10.3324/haematol.10867

Estey, 2007, Prospective feasibility analysis of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), Blood, 109, 1395, 10.1182/blood-2006-05-021907

Schetelig J, Bornhauser M, Schmid C, et al. Comparable Outcome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation from Matched Unrelated and Sibling Donors in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia—Results of a Retrospective Analysis in 368 Patients [abstract]. Blood 2007;110(11): Abstract 172.

Brenner, 1993, Gene-marking to trace origin of relapse after autologous bone-marrow transplantation, Lancet, 341, 85, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92560-G

Herr, 2007, HLA-identical sibling allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning compared to autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for elderly patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia, Leukemia, 21, 129, 10.1038/sj.leu.2404461

Gale, 2005, No evidence that FLT3 status should be considered as an indicator for transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): an analysis of 1135 patients, excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia, from the UK MRC AML10 and 12 trials, Blood, 106, 3658, 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1323

Ferrara, 2007, Age has no influence on mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia, Hematological Oncology., 25, 84, 10.1002/hon.810

Ljungman, 2006, Allogenic and autologous transplantation for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: definitions and current practice in Europe, Bone Marrow Transplant, 37, 439, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705265

Watson, 2004, Adverse impact of bone marrow transplantation on quality of life in acute myeloid leukaemia patients; analysis of the UK Medical Research Council AML 10 Trial, European Journal of Cancer, 40, 971, 10.1016/S0959-8049(03)00628-2

Wallen, 2005, Ablative allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation in adults 60 years of age and older, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 3439, 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.694

Gerber, 2002, VEGF regulates haematopoietic stem cell survival by an internal autocrine loop mechanism, Nature, 417, 954, 10.1038/nature00821

Fiedler, 1997, Vascular endothelial growth factor, a possible paracrine growth factor in human acute myeloid leukemia, Blood, 1870, 10.1182/blood.V89.6.1870

Zhou J, Khng J, Jasinghe VJ, et al. In vivo activity of ABT-869, a multi-target kinase inhibitor, against acute myeloid leukemia with wild-type FLT3 receptor. Leukemia Research 2007; (Article in press), doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2007.11.025.

Karp, 2004, Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor for relapsed and refractory adult acute myelogenous leukemias: therapy with sequential 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, mitoxantrone, and bevacizumab, Clinical Cancer Research, 3577, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0627

Douer, 2003, Induction of complete remission using single agent clofarabine in a patient with primary refractory acute myeloblaste leukemia, Leukemia & Lymphoma, 44, 2135, 10.1080/1042819031000111099

Kantarjian, 2003, Phase 2 clinical and pharmacologic study of clofarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia, Blood, 102, 2379, 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0925

Faderl, 2005, Results of a phase 1-2 study of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine (ara-C) in relapsed and refractory acute leukemias, Blood, 105, 940, 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1933

Giles, 2006, A phase II study of Cloretazine (VNP40101M), a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating agent, in patients with very high risk relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, Leukemia Research, 30, 1591, 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.02.019

Pagano, 2007, The role of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia patients, Oncogene, 26, 3679, 10.1038/sj.onc.1210364

Bross, 2001, Approval summary: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, Clinical Cancer Research, 7, 1490

Taksin, 2007, High efficacy and safety profile of fractionated doses of Mylotarg as induction therapy in patients with relapsed acute myeloblastic leukemia: a prospective study of the alfa group, Leukemia, 21, 66, 10.1038/sj.leu.2404434

Tsimberidou, 2003, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, fludarabine, cytarabine and cylcosporine combination regimen in patients with CD33+ primary resistant or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, Leukemia Research, 27, 893, 10.1016/S0145-2126(03)00022-5

Feldman, 2005, Phase III randomized multicenter study of a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody, lintuzumab, in combination with chemotherapy, versus chemotherapy alone in patients with refractory or first-relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 41110, 10.1200/JCO.2005.09.133

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Blood Reviews

Tập 22

221-234

Thông tin tác giả