Accessing rare activities from random RNA sequences: the importance of the length of molecules in the starting pool

Williams, 1996, In vitro selection of catalytic RNA, 367 Breaker, 1997, In vitro selection of catalytic polynucleotides, Chem. Rev., 97, 371, 10.1021/cr960008k Gold, 1995, Diversity of oligonucleotide functions, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 64, 763, 10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.003555 Osborne, 1997, Nucleic acid selection and the challenge of combinatorial chemistry, Chem. Rev., 97, 349, 10.1021/cr960009c Connell, 1993, Three small ribooligonucleotides with specific arginine sites, Biochemistry, 32, 5497, 10.1021/bi00072a002 Bartel, 1993, Isolation of new ribozymes from a large pool of random sequences, Science, 261, 1411, 10.1126/science.7690155 Crameri, 1993, 1020-fold aptamer library amplification without gel purification, Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 4410, 10.1093/nar/21.18.4410 Schultes, 1997, Global similarities in nucleotide base composition among disparate functional classes of single-stranded RNA imply adaptive evolutionary convergence, RNA, 3, 792 Ekland, 1995, The secondary structure and sequence optimization of an RNA ligase ribozyme, Nucleic Acids Res., 23, 3231, 10.1093/nar/23.16.3231 Ekland, 1995, Structurally complex and highly active RNA ligases derived from random RNA sequences, Science, 269, 364, 10.1126/science.7618102 Sassanfar, 1993, An RNA motif that binds ATP, Nature, 364, 550, 10.1038/364550a0 Famulok, 1994, Molecular recognition of amino acids by RNAaptamers: an L-citrulline binding RNA motif and its evolution into an L-arginine binder, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 1698, 10.1021/ja00084a010 Uhlenbeck, 1995, Keeping RNA happy, RNA, 1, 4 Herschlag, 1995, RNA chaperones and the RNA folding problem, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 20871, 10.1074/jbc.270.36.20871 Lorsch, 1994, In vitro evolution of new ribozymes with polynucleotide kinase activity, Nature, 371, 31, 10.1038/371031a0 Schneider, 1992, Selection of high affinity RNA ligands to the bacteriophage R17 coat protein, J. Mol. Biol., 228, 862, 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90870-P Bartel, 1991, HIV-1 Rev regulation involves recognition of non-Watson-Crick base pairs in viral RNA, Cell, 67, 529, 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90527-6 Battiste, 1996, α Helix-RNA major groove recognition in HIV-1 Rev peptide-RRE RNA complex, Science, 273, 1547, 10.1126/science.273.5281.1547 McKay, 1996, Three-Dimensional Structure of the Hammerhead Ribozyme, 161